Laryngeal Sarcomas Research Articles

Primary sarcomas of the larynx: A report of three cases and literature review

Introduction. Primary sarcomas are uncommonly seen in the larynx and comprise around 1% of all laryngeal malignant tumors. We present three cases of patients with different types of laryngeal sarcomas and discuss about diagnostic and treatment difficulties. Case outline. Each patient presented with hoarseness and shortness of breath. Computed tomography scans showed large transglottic tumors of the larynx with no signs of cervical lymphadenopathy and definitive diagnoses of sarcomas were made by pathologists. Each patient underwent total laryngectomy with clear resection margins. Patient with laryngeal leiomyosarcoma developed large locoregional relapse of malignant disease and pulmonary metastasis four months after surgery and patient with laryngeal osteosarcoma was diagnosed with inoperative locoregional relapse of malignant disease three months after surgery. Both patients died within six months after surgery. On the other hand, patient with laryngeal chondrosarcoma was disease-free during the three-year follow-up. Conclusion. Primary laryngeal sarcomas have low incidence and they differ from squamous cell carcinoma by their biological characteristics and behavior. Radical surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment with uncertain outcome due to their high potential for recurrence or metastatic spread.

Primary Sarcomas of the Larynx: A Clinicopathologic Study of 27 Cases.

Primary sarcomas of the larynx are rare and are associated with diagnostic and treatment challenges. Studies of these tumors are limited, and most examples have been reported as small series. To further increase our understanding of laryngeal sarcomas, we reviewed our experience of an adult cohort. A retrospective search for laryngeal sarcomas from our pathology archives and consultation files of one of the authors was performed. We studied 27 primary laryngeal sarcomas that included 25 males, and 2 females, with a mean age of 60years (range 33-85). The cases included conventional chondrosarcoma (16), well-differentiated liposarcoma (2), clear cell chondrosarcoma (1), leiomyosarcoma (2), high grade myxofibrosarcoma (2), high grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (1), low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (1), malignant granular cell tumor (1), and Kaposi sarcoma (1). Data on treatment and follow-up was available in 17 and 16 cases, respectively. 12 patients underwent partial laryngeal resection; five had total laryngectomy, and the patient with Kaposi sarcoma received combined highly active antiretroviral therapy and chemotherapy. Three patients developed local recurrence, and two patients developed metastases. The remaining patients with follow up had a favorable outcome and were disease-free after treatment. The important differential diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma is sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma, and their distinction often requires extensive sampling of the mucosal surface and immunohistochemical analysis. The mainstay of treatment for laryngeal sarcomas is surgical removal, with the extent dictated by tumor type and grade. Adjuvant therapy is reserved for high-grade sarcomas and may be given in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting.

Characteristics of Laryngeal Osteosarcoma: A Critical Review.

Laryngeal sarcomas constitute an extremely rare entity among head and neck malignancies. Furthermore, most of them are chondrosarcomas, and the osteogenic form remains a true rarity. In general, there is a lack of information on the characteristics of laryngeal osteosarcoma. Thus, we sought to critically review the existing world literature on laryngeal osteosarcoma in order to develop a more accurate clinicopathological profile of this malignancy. Laryngeal osteosarcoma has a predilection for elderly male patients, as 87% were male in the present series and the mean age was 62 years (range 32–80), and without a direct association with tobacco exposure. Osteosarcoma of the larynx is typically a highly malignant neoplasm that metastasizes early, has a propensity for hematogenous spread and also has a marked tendency to recur. Twelve (41%) out of the 29 cases in the present review with follow-up data had metastatic disease. The aspects that distinguish osteosarcoma from its differential diagnostic alternatives are discussed in this review.

Differing characteristics of cartilaginous lesions\xa0of the larynx

IntroductionThe tissues of the laryngeal region only rarely harbor primary cartilaginous lesions, and squamous cell carcinoma remains the most frequently encountered malignant tumor in this area.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the salient histological features of cartilaginous laryngeal lesions to provide differential diagnostics and guidelines for distinguishing the benign from the malignant ones.ResultsCartilaginous neoplasms of the larynx include chondroma and chondrosarcoma. Among the overarching group of all forms of laryngeal sarcoma, chondrosarcoma forms the most common entity in the larynx, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma. Cartilaginous tumors comprise about 0.1%–1% of all laryngeal neoplasms with chondrosarcomas being more frequently encountered than chondromas. Several neoplasms earlier reported as giant-cell tumors of the larynx would most likely, using current terminology, be classified as cases of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, giant-cell variant) or aneurysmal bone cyst.ConclusionWhen true laryngeal sarcomas do exist, they may prove to be challenging lesions both for the pathologist and the treating clinician. The diagnostic problems are mainly a result of the infrequent exposure of clinicians and diagnosticians to these lesions.

Laryngeal sarcomas: A case series of 5 cases

Primary sarcomas of the larynx are rare and miscellaneous. The most common is chondrosarcoma. Other sarcomas are very rare. Sarcomas can have heterogeneous morphologic features of spindle, small round, epithelioid, pleomorphic and giant cells. Laryngeal sarcomas may mimic carcinomas, lymphomas, small cell carcinoma, mesothelioma and melanoma. This imposes diagnostic challenges for unfamiliar pathologists particularly in small laryngeal biopsies. Our aim was to study the different types of sarcomas that can involve the larynx in our institution, to investigate their diagnostic challenges and potential pitfalls and to find helpful histologic clues to avoid misinterpretation and missed diagnosis. We performed a retrospective review study over 13 years. We retrieved 5 cases of laryngeal sarcomas. They included Kaposi sarcoma, low-grade chondrosarcoma, epithelioid angiosarcoma, polypoid leiomyosarcoma and small cell osteosarcoma. The age range was between 32 and 74 years with an average age of 52 years. The male to female ratio was 3:2. The Kaposi sarcoma and chondrosarcoma were correctly diagnosed. The angiosarcoma was initially missed as recurrent carcinoma. The leiomyosarcoma was initially inferred as polypoid sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma. The small cell osteosarcoma initiated the differential diagnosis of high-grade lymphoma, small cell carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. An implementation of a panel of immunohistochemical markers guided by certain histomorphologic clues was helpful to make the correct diagnosis. Pathologists should be aware of the morphologic spectrum and different growth patterns of laryngeal sarcomas. Immunohistochemistry studies are essential. Correct diagnosis, classification and grading of laryngeal sarcomas are clinically important for the prognosis and appropriate management of patients.

Primary laryngeal sarcomas in a Mexican population: Case series of eleven cases.

Primary laryngeal sarcomas in a Mexican population: Case series of eleven cases.

Nowotwory złośliwe krtani pochodzenia mezenchymalnego w materiale własnym

Although laryngeal malignancies of mesenchymal origin (laryngeal sarcomas, LS) are extremely rare (1% of all laryngeal malignancies), the histological manifestations are very diverse. LS sign as a solid tumor covered with an intact mucosa. was to evaluate retrospective data referring: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and early follow-up; based on medical record made in ORL, HNS Surgery Dpt of Holy Cross Cancer Centre in Kielce during 9-years period 2001-2009. The retrospective analysis of the group of 12 patients with LS was made. Studied characteristics were: age, sex, primary focus, histological outcome, treatment options and early follow-up. Age of the group of 12 studied patients (10 M, 2 F) ranged from 48 to 84 (mean 69.8). LS accounted 1.2% (12/935) for all of laryngeal malignancies. The focus of origin were: glottis (6), epiglottis (5); subglottis (1). The most common histological types of LS at studied group were: neurosarcoma (2), fibrosarcoma (2), plasmocytoma (2), chondrosarcoma (1), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1), sarcoma low grade (1), lymphoma malignum (1), liposarcoma (1) and haemangioendothelioma epithelioides vel plasmocytoma (1). Methods of treatment were: surgery (6); radiotherapy (1); chemotherapy (1); chemo- and radiotherapy (3); symptomatic treatment (1). The clinical results of treatment are: 9 patients are still alive (5 pts more than 5 years, 3 pts less than 5 years, 1 pts less than 2.5 years with residual disease); 3 patient died: 2 pts in 1st year from diagnosis, 1 pts after 3 years of treatment died of non-oncological causes. 1. LS are extremely rare and diversed histologically. 2. Immunochemical analyses are very important procedures used in diagnostics of these malignancies. 3. An individual approach is needed in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of LS.

An Unusual Cause of Hoarseness: Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Larynx

Laryngeal sarcomas account for <1% of laryngeal malignancies. Laryngeal spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are rare with only a few reports in the literature. Presenting symptoms vary from hoarseness or dysphagia to respiratory failure. Four subdivisions of rhabdomyosarcomas exist including embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic, and botryoid variant. Worse outcomes have been found in adults versus children. Multimodality therapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Our report describes a case of a 30 year old man with hoarseness discovered to have glottic spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma. He underwent frontolateral partial laryngectomy followed by chemotherapy and radiation.

Sarcoma of the Larynx: Treatment Results and Literature Review

Sarcomas of the larynx are rare neoplasms that constitute less than 1% of laryngeal malignancies. A Medline search found no large series focusing on laryngeal sarcomas. We reviewed the cases of laryngeal sarcomas treated in our cancer center and compared our experiences and treatment results with those from other centers. A retrospective review of 10 patients with laryngeal sarcoma treated in our institute between 1980 and 2000 was done to identify tumor characteristics, therapeutic modalities, and treatment outcomes. The patients showed a male predominance (9/10) and presented 8 types of pathology. Nine patients underwent surgery, including 2 total laryngectomy, 4 partial laryngectomy, and 3 endoscopic laser cordectomy. During a median follow-up of 92 months, the 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival were 76% and 90%, respectively. Two patients developed recurrence, including 1 local recurrence and 1 distant metastasis. Surgical intervention was the first choice in the treatment of laryngeal sarcomas. The prognosis is relatively good when compared with sarcoma originating from other anatomic sites.

Leiomyosarcoma of the Larynx: Diagnosis Aided by Advances in Immunohistochemical Staining

We present only the 12th reported case of a laryngeal leiomyosarcoma. This tumor was diagnosed with the aid of the newer immunohistochemical stains on archival paraffin-embedded tissue. The diagnosis and management of these tumors is based largely on the patterns seen in the small number of earlier reported cases of head and neck leiomyosarcomas and laryngeal sarcomas.

Regional and distant metastases in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal sarcomas.

Cervical node and distant metastases are the most important prognostic factors in malignant laryngeal neoplasms. Owing to the unusual occurrence of laryngeal sarcomas, the prevalence of their metastases has never been analyzed in detail. We reviewed the laryngeal sarcomas reported in the literature and noticed that both regional and distant metastases are rare events and variable for different histotypes. These observations have obvious therapeutic and prognostic implications.

Sarcomas of the larynx. Report of ten cases.

The clinical and pathologic findings of 10 laryngeal sarcomas (8 fibrosarcomas and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) are reported. These cases constituted 0.02% of the 4,717 patients with carcinoma histologically verified at Faculty of Medicine in Istanbul from 1934 to 1980. Analysis of laryngeal fibrosarcomas reveals that they are more frequently seen in the fourth and fifth decades, while rhabdomyosarcomas of the larynx are rather tumors of childhood. They are generally less infiltrating than carcinomas and tend to grow as polypoid masses. Metastases are rare but recurrences are frequently seen.

Laryngeal papilloma showing changes of Bowen's disease and angiosarcoma.

PAPILLARY lesions of the larynx usually are designated as benign papillomas, singer's nodes, papillary granulomas, or papillary carcinomas. Sometimes the terms carcinosarcoma, pseudocarcinoma, or spindle cell carcinoma enter into the discussion of the histological interpretation of laryngeal neoplasms. Tumors in this area may constitute difficult interpretative problems for the histopathologist as well as therapeutic enigmas for the clinician. In the past 40 years approximately 54 laryngeal sarcomas have been reported in the English literature: characteristically these have been polypoid lesions with little tendency to deep infiltration into the adjacent soft tissue. Most arose in the true vocal cord and enlarged slowly. Twenty-six of these neoplasms were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas, seven as malignant lymphomas, five as chondrosarcomas, and the remainder as rhabdomyosarcomas, angiosarcomas, osteogenic sarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, or sarcomas of an undetermined type. 1 Report of a Case An 82-year-old white woman complaining of hoarseness of about two months' duration and who

SARCOMA OF THE LARYNX

Sarcoma of the larynx, once regarded as of not uncommon occurrence, has come to be regarded as rare. This is because pathologists have changed their interpretation of histologic observations and not because there has been a decrease in the incidence of the disease. Many neoplasms of the larynx formerly thought to have originated from supporting tissue elements have come to be considered by laryngologists and pathologists as of epithelial origin. The small number of proved laryngeal sarcomas, or the complete lack of them, observed by those reporting the largest series of cases of malignant tumors of the larynx would seem to be the best criterion as to the rarity of the condition. In the Mayo Clinic 713 cases of carcinoma of the larynx have been encountered since 1910. In this same period 4 cases of sarcoma of the structure have been seen; these form the basis of this paper. Various