Large Music Festival Research Articles

국제 음악축제의 지역 애착도, 사전지식, 관여도가 지역 이미지, 축제에 대한 태도 및 지지도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

Purpose - This study examined the relationship between local attachment, prior knowledge and involvement in the festival, and local image, attitudes toward and support for the festival among people who have visited the Incheon Pentaport Music Festival, the largest music festival in Korea. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 250 samples were used for the final analysis, and SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze the data. The structural equation model analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses of this study. Findings - As a result of the analysis, first, only local attachment was found to have a positive and significant effect on local image. On the other hand, prior knowledge or involvement in the Incheon Pentaport Music Festival was found to be unrelated to local image. Second, local attachment and involvement were found to have a significant effect on attitude, but prior knowledge was not significant. Last, this paper examined the influence of festival area image and attitude toward the festival on festival support, and found that both have a positive and significant effect on support. Research implications or Originality - This study expands the scope of research on music festivals and is expected to contribute to tourist attraction and marketing strategies for the revitalization of music festivals in the future.

Feasibility of using breath sampling of non-volatiles to estimate the prevalence of illicit drug use among nightlife attendees

The prevalence of drug use among nightlife attendees needs to be accurately estimated to, for example, evaluate preventive interventions. This study tested the feasibility of using a breath-sampling device to estimate the prevalence of drug use among nightlife attendees. The study was conducted at five nightclubs and a large music festival in Stockholm, Sweden. Participants were invited to participate and microparticles in exhaled breath were sampled and analyzed for 47 compounds using a state-of-the-art analytic method that follows forensic standards. In addition, participants’ breath alcohol concentration was measured and they were interviewed about demographics, drinking habits, and drug use. Of the people invited, 73.7% (n = 1223) agreed to participate, and breath samples were collected from 1204 participants. Breath sampling was fast and well-accepted by participants. 13 percent of participants tested positive for an illicit drug, but only 4.3% self-reported drug use during the last 48 h. The most common substances detected were cocaine, amphetamine, and MDMA. There was no agreement between self-reported and measured use of any drug. Breath sampling is a convenient method to test illicit drug use among a large number of participants at events, and can be used as an estimate of drug use prevalence.

Medical care at amass gathering music festival : Retrospective study over 7 years (2011-2017).

BackgroundKnowledge about longitudinal changes in epidemiological data at mass gathering events is sparse. The goal of this study was to determine and compare the type, severity and frequency of illnesses at a large music festival over 7 consecutive years (2011–2017).MethodsProspectively collected data from the rescue operation protocols of an Austrian music festival were retrieved and analyzed. Patient presentation rates (PPR) and transport to hospital rates (TTHR) were calculated and compared between years. Linear regression was used to investigate the association between (a) total number of visitors and number of patient presentations, and (b) environmental factors and temperature related medical emergencies. A descriptive analysis of pertinent medical logistics management was performed.ResultsThe median (minimum to maximum) PPR and TTHR were 12.01 (9.33 in 2016 to 20.86 in 2011) and 0.57 (0.40 in 2017 to 1.06 in 2013) per 1000 visitors, respectively. In linear regression models, no significant associations were found between the number of visitors and either the total number of patient presentations, NACA 1–2 or NACA 3–5 classified emergencies.Environmental temperature had a significant impact on heat related patient presentations (p < 0.001).ConclusionThere were significant differences and a high variance in both PPR and TTHR over the years. Contrary to our expectations, the number of visitors did not predict the number of patient presentations. Ambient temperature was associated with the number of heat related emergencies but not with the number of cold related emergencies. Prevention strategies, such as the removal of insect nests, resulted in significantly fewer insect related emergencies.

The antecedents of visitors' flow experience and its influence on memory and behavioral intentions in the music festival context

At present, few studies have focused on the antecedents and consequences of music festival visitors' flow experience. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory, this study explores five antecedents of music festival visitors' flow experience (skill performance, ambiance, self-congruence, other consumers' passion, consumer-to-consumer interaction) and two consequences (visitors' memory and behavioral intentions) to enrich relevant research. In this study, a total of 419 visitors were investigated. All of the participants were visitors of 2019 Midi music festival, the largest music festival in China. Findings indicate that five antecedents are all positively related to visitors' flow experience, which in turn positively affects visitors' memory and behavioral intentions. Visitors' memory also has a positive effect on their behavioral intentions. In addition, the mediating role of flow experience between its antecedents and consequences was examined. • Studies the antecedents and effects of music festival visitors' flow experience. • Skill performance has more influence on flow experience than any other antecedent. • Ambiance is also a very important antecedent of flow experience. • Flow experience positively affects the visitors' memory and behavioral intentions. • Lays a foundation for future studies using flow experience as a mediator.

Using Calculus to Plan an Open-Air Concert

A concert is a mass entertainment event held indoors, at concert halls, or outdoors (open-air festivals). These two formats differ greatly from each other. However, the goal of both events remains the same – to allow the audience to enjoy the musical performance. Indoor halls are designed for the best acoustics of sound. They are often circular and let sound waves travel around the inside of the building, like an echo bouncing back and forth. This makes the audience feel like they are surrounded by sound. Such places already have outlined spots for mounting music equipment with the highest efficiency. Thus, thanks to the fact that the building is engineered exactly for the purpose of conserving the sound, concert holders are not obligated with extra calculations and planning. On the other hand, open-air concerts can range from small, acoustic gatherings at municipal parks, to large music festivals that take place over several days and feature a large number of different artists. Such concerts take great amounts of planning to make sure that the stage is visible and, more importantly, audible from the entire seating area. In this paper, we investigate the physics of sound events of both formats and derive a basic formula for calculating the coverage of a sound system.

Compliance to the Alcohol Law: Overserving to Obviously Intoxicated Visitors at Music Festivals.

Music festivals are often high-risk settings associated with large numbers of visitors and high alcohol intoxication levels, which contribute to a number of public health-related problems. According to the Swedish Alcohol Act, servers are responsible for not overserving alcohol to obviously intoxicated patrons. The aim of the current study was to examine compliance to the Swedish Alcohol Act at music festivals by assessing the rate of alcohol overserving to festival-goers. We conducted a study at a large music festival in Sweden hosting approximately 50,000 visitors. Professional actors, i.e., pseudo-patrons, enacted a standardized scene in which a highly intoxicated festival-goer attempted to buy beer at licensed premises inside the festival. Observers monitored each attempt. A total of 52 purchase attempts were conducted. The rate of overserving was 26.9% and was not influenced by the server’s gender, the number of servers, or the level of crowdedness at the bar area. Overserving differed between server age groups, which was not statistically significant when controlling for other factors. Compliance to the Alcohol Act at the festival can be improved. Intoxication levels and related problems can be reduced by implementing a multicomponent intervention including staff training, policy work, and improved enforcement.

Introducing the NEMO-Lowlands iconic gesture dataset, collected through a gameful human\u2013robot interaction

This paper describes a novel dataset of iconic gestures, together with a publicly available robot-based elicitation method to record these gestures, which consists of playing a game of charades with a humanoid robot. The game was deployed at a science museum (NEMO) and a large popular music festival (Lowlands) in the Netherlands. This resulted in recordings of 428 participants, both adults and children, performing 3715 silent iconic gestures for 35 different objects in a naturalistic setting. Our dataset adds to existing collections of iconic gesture recordings in two important ways. First, participants were free to choose how they represented the broad concepts using gestures, and they were asked to perform a second attempt if the robot did not recognize their gesture the first time. This provides insight into potential repair strategies that might be used. Second, by making the interactive game available we enable other researchers to collect additional recordings, for different concepts, and in diverse cultures or contexts. This can be done in a consistent manner because a robot is used as a confederate in the elicitation procedure, which ensures that every data collection session plays out in the same way. The current dataset can be used for research into human gesturing behavior, and as input for the gesture recognition and production capabilities of robots and virtual agents.

The UNTOLD story

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the negative effects of events on residents’ quality of life. Particularly, the paper analyses the specific negative effects generated via “overtourism” for the duration of large-scale music festivals.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a case study method approach to examine the negative effects that UNTOLD, the largest music festival in Romania, has on residents’ quality of life. The case is analysed via a comprehensive desk research of secondary data from industry and academic sources.FindingsDespite its success and the positive economic impact UNTOLD festival had on the host city, several issues have a negative impact on residents’ quality of life and well-being. The negative impacts are noise pollution, vandalism and crime, traffic and parking issues, waste and damages to the natural environment, pressure on and over usage of local services and infrastructure and the increased cost of living.Social implicationsWhilst organisers, local businesses and local authorities are the main parties benefiting from events, residents mainly feel the negative impact. Organisers, local authorities and businesses need to minimise the negative effects residents’ experience during the event by building sustainable partnerships and taking a more hands-on approach to sustainable and socially responsible practices. Current and potential initiatives are discussed in the paper.Originality/valueThis paper examines the negative impacts events may have on residents’ quality of life and discusses the case of a large-scale music festival, an under-researched context. The analysis and discussion may assist scholars and industry experts alike in generating new debates in sustainable event management practices, as well as festival organisers and public authorities in developing strategies for avoiding, containing or minimising the negative effects of events.

Event attendance classification in social media

Popular events are well reflected on social media, where people share their feelings and discuss their experiences. In this paper, we investigate the novel problem of exploiting the content of non-geotagged posts on social media to infer the users’ attendance of large events in three temporal periods: before, during and after an event. We detail the features used to train event attendance classifiers and report on experiments conducted on data from two large music festivals in the UK, namely the VFestival and Creamfields events. Our classifiers attain very high accuracy with the highest result observed for the Creamfields festival ( ∼ 91% accuracy at classifying users that will participate in the event). We study the most informative features for the tasks addressed and the generalization of the learned models across different events. Finally, we discuss an illustrative application of the methodology in the field of transportation.

The Virtual Reality Scenario Method: Moving from Imagination to Immersion in Criminal Decision-making Research

Objectives: This study proposes an alternative hypothetical scenario method capitalizing on the potential of virtual reality (VR). Rather than asking participants to imagine themselves in a specific situation, VR perceptually immerses them in it. We hypothesized that experiencing a scenario in VR would increase feelings of being “present” in the situation, and add to perceived realism compared to the written equivalent. This, in turn, was expected to trigger stronger emotional experiences influencing subsequent behavioral intentions. Methods: In an experiment, participants ( N = 153), visitors of a large music festival, either read a “bar fight” scenario or experienced the scenario in VR. Following the scenario, they were presented a series of questions including intention to aggress, perceived risk, anticipated shame/guilt, presence, perceived realism, and anger. Analyses were conducted using analysis of variance, stepwise regression, and mediation analysis using nonparametric bootstrapping. Results: In line with expectations, the results indicate significant differences between conditions with the VR scenario triggering stronger presence, higher realism, and higher intention to aggress. Importantly, presence and anger mediated the relation between condition and intention to aggress. Conclusions: We show that the VR scenario method may provide benefits over written scenarios for the study of criminal decision-making. Implications are discussed.

Exploring the Sources of Collective Effervescence: A Multilevel Study

Collective effervescence is assigned a key role in sociological theorizing on ritual and group processes, yet surprisingly little research has systematically measured the phenomenon and examined its sources. In addressing this research gap, the current article explores and compares several correlates of collective effervescence. The data included questionnaires and geospatial records of spatial setting and movement patterns recorded at a large music festival. Multilevel regression modeling was applied, and the strength of the estimated evidence was assessed with frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Results suggest that collective effervescence is a highly spatially clustered phenomenon that, in particular, is associated with the social-morphological feature of being in a crowd of people. The article discusses the implications of these results for sociological Durkheim scholarship as well as for festival-event studies.

Atlas Weekend - the largest music festival in Ukraine

Purpose of the article is to analyze the history and practice of the «Atlas Weekend» festival, its cultural component and organizational differences from other major music festivals in Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology of the study: is the combination of biographical and textual analysis with the method of included observation. Scientific novelty. The author presents the social and communication characteristics and discloses the information principles of the organization of the festival Atlas Weekend. His history and peculiarities of the artistic program are investigated, modern musical terminology is used in the research. Conclusions. The article analyzes the development of the largest musical festival in Ukraine. The achievements of the «Atlas Weekend» festival, the actual problems of the creative industry in the field of musical culture, are analyzed on the basis of Internet space and articles in specialized editions. The whole European cultural industry is built on the demand of consumers, artificially created and imposed by Western tendencies. Ukrainian festivals, although trying to adapt to the European festival space and still remain too conservative for the European listener, and Western media have created the idea that Ukraine is not the best option for leisure. Such informational defamation has appeared on the side of the Western media, both during Euro 2012 and during the Eurovision 2017. The author presents the social and communication characteristics and discloses the information principles of the organization of the festival «Atlas Weekend». It explores its history and features with the use of modern musical terminology. The urgency of the study is due to the lack of sufficient information in Ukrainian scientific sources on the development of modern festival culture in Ukraine. We must admit that the masters of sciences are concentrated mainly at festivals of classical music, and do not explore poly-genres festivals at all.

PEE POWER® urinal II – Urinal scale-up with microbial fuel cell scale-down for improved lighting

A novel design of microbial fuel cells (MFC) fuelled with undiluted urine was demonstrated to be an efficient power source for decentralised areas, but had only been tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Hence, a field-trial was carried out to assess its feasibility for practical implementation: a bespoke stack of 12 MFC modules was implemented as a self-sufficient lit urinal system at UK's largest music festival. Laboratory investigation showed that with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 44 h, a cascade of 4 modules (19.2 L displacement volume) was continuously producing ≈150 mW. At the same HRT, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced from 5586 mg COD·L−1 to 625 mg COD·L−1. Field results of the system under uncontrolled usage indicate an optimal retention time for power production between 2h30 and ≈9 h. When measured (HRT of ≈11h40), the COD decreased by 48% and the total nitrogen content by 13%. Compared to the previous PEE POWER® field-trial (2015), the present system achieved a 37% higher COD removal with half the HRT. The 2016 set-up produced ≈30% more energy in a third of the total volumetric footprint (max 600 mW). This performance corresponds to ≈7-fold technological improvement.

Two Simulation Cases to Prepare for a Public Festival: Pediatric Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) Ingestion and Alcohol Toxicity.

IntroductionEmergency departments (EDs) see a surge of intoxicated patients during large public summer events. These patients can be distracting and complicated for ED staff to care for.MethodsWe developed two cases to prepare emergency department staff for an anticipated surge of patients related to a large music festival that occurs proximal to our pediatric hospital. We developed and performed cases of simulated patients with alcohol intoxication and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ingestion to review medical management of these patients, as well as to review many of the social aspects of the cases. We surveyed simulation (sim) session participants to assess the degree to which the sessions were helpful and to glean ideas on how to improve sessions for future use.ResultsOver the course of two years, we have hosted eight simulations, for a total of 57 participants comprising various healthcare roles. We achieved an 85% response rate in the post-simulation surveys. The sessions were overall well-received and left participants feeling better prepared to care for intoxicated patients.DiscussionDespite having a large number of staff from many disciplines working varied schedules, we were able to provide simulation training to many of them in preparation for an expected surge of intoxicated patients. Participants appreciated the training and gave feedback to improve sessions in the future.

Performances in the theatre of the Cold War: the American Society of African Culture and the 1961 Lagos Festival

In December 1961 the American Society of African Culture (AMSAC) organised a large music festival in Lagos, Nigeria. American celebrities such as Nina Simone, Langston Hughes, and Lionel Hampton went on AMSAC’s fully sponsored trip to strengthen African-American/African connections. The performances and AMSAC’s image-building will be examined through photographs of the Lagos festival. These photographs are records of staged acts - acts that were meant to generate positive images of Black America and to reinforce (unequal) power relations between Nigerians and (Black) Americans. The visit of the group provides an interesting case study on the intersecting histories of the Cold War, the American Civil Rights Movement, and the decolonisation of the African continent.

91 An Analysis of Four Years of Experience at the Electric Daisy Carnival in Las Vegas

The Electric Daisy Carnival (EDC) is an electronic music festival that takes place in several cities. The location with the largest number of attendees is Las Vegas, where EDC is a three-day event. The objective of this study was to present guidelines for medical care for similar large music festivals based upon data from four years of experience at EDC in Las Vegas. This was a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to the medical area at EDC in Las Vegas. Chart review was performed by trained research assistants using standard data abstraction forms. Abstracted data included patient age, vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale, chief complaint, medications administered, and disposition. Data regarding preparation and staffing for the event was provided by the medical leadership for the event. This information was used to develop comprehensive guidelines for medical care at large music festivals. Over the four years of study period, EDC was attended by an average of approximately 104,000 people per night. There were a total of 2673 patient visits to the medical area during this period. The median age of the patients was 22 years (maximum 72 years). The most common reasons for presentation to the medical area were alcohol or drug intoxication (42% of visits), dehydration/dizziness (19%) or trauma (17% of visits). Only 103 of the 2673 patient visits (3.9%) resulted in patient transport to a hospital. The most commonly administered medication was normal saline. In total,1318 patients (49%) received at least one liter of normal saline, and in sum, 2108 liters were administered. The medical area consists of three zones, and resembles an emergency department. In 2015, there were four beds and 20 chairs in a “fast track” area. The primary treatment area contained 56 beds. The “infield care center,” which is reserved for sicker patients, had an additional four beds. Over the three-day event, the medical tent is open for 48 hours, and is always covered by an attending emergency physician. In 2015, 17 nurses were utilized per day, and a total of a total of 324 hours were worked by physicians and physician assistants familiar with acute care. To manage the most common presenting issues, benzodiazepines, large quantities of IV start kits, large volumes of normal saline, and laceration trays are available to medical staff. To stabilize critically ill patients, rapid sequence intubation drugs and advanced airway equipment are available. No imaging studies are available. The EDC medical area in Las Vegas receives a high volume of patients who primarily present for intoxication, dehydration, or trauma. Through meticulous planning and staffing, the EDC medical team has been able to safely treat more than 96% of the patients presenting to their medical area without need for transfer. This study may help others who are planning the medical care for a large music festivals.

Music Streaming, Festivals, and the Eventization of Music

A key aspect of music-streaming services is the user’s access to their vast libraries and abundant choices anytime and anywhere. This article explores how artists performing at a large music festival in Norway were streamed before, during, and after the festival over the course of four different years. The data shows that festival streams grew by more than 40% compared to control weeks and were particularly pronounced among users who lived near the venue. The article then argues that changes in listening patterns may reflect a more general shift towards the “eventization” of streaming media.

Do koalas really get the blues? Critique of ‘Aversive behaviour by koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) during the course of a music festival in northern New South Wales, Australia'

It is imperative that the reported results of scientific studies are based on sound data analyses and unbiased interpretation, especially where they may be used to guide government policy and regulation. A recent paper by Phillips (2016) evaluated the behavioural response of radio-collared koalas to an inaugural large music festival held in 2010 in northern New South Wales. The study concluded that six of seven koalas showed an aversive response. However, we regard the paper as misleading because it contains serious errors in the examination of koala home ranges and in the subsequent assessment of ‘aversive behaviour’ during the music festival. We conclude that Phillips’ paper is based on sufficient data to state that three, not six, of the koalas he studied displayed a short-term behavioural response to the music festival. These koalas temporarily moved outside of their estimated ranges during the festival period (10–80 m). Further, Phillips fails to report crucial ecological data regarding the high level of disease and mortality he recorded, which are presented in their entirety in the author’s prior, unpublished report. For the two deaths that are reported, no mention is made that these koalas had pre-existing disease. Rather, the author raises the possibility that the mortalities may have been related to festival-induced stress. The omission of such key data is prejudicial to the interpretation of results. The reported short-term impact of the festival upon some of the study animals is indeed noteworthy; however, it is apparent that the impact has been considerably overstated due to errors of analysis and the omission of critical ecological data. Our critique highlights our concerns by drawing on the author’s unpublished report as well as our own research at the same site over the past five years. Our aim is to ensure that debate over the impact of music festivals on wildlife is based on sound data analyses and unbiased interpretation, to provide guidance to relevant regulators and land managers.

USING AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING TO INCREASE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS IN CIVIL PROTECTION AND HUMANITARIAN RELIEF – THE IMPORTANCE OF USER INVOLVEMENT

Enhancing situational awareness in real-time (RT) civil protection and emergency response scenarios requires the development of comprehensive monitoring concepts combining classical remote sensing disciplines with geospatial information science. In the VABENE++ project of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) monitoring tools are being developed by which innovative data acquisition approaches are combined with information extraction as well as the generation and dissemination of information products to a specific user. DLR’s 3K and 4k camera system which allow for a RT acquisition and pre-processing of high resolution aerial imagery are applied in two application examples conducted with end users: a civil protection exercise with humanitarian relief organisations and a large open-air music festival in cooperation with a festival organising company. This study discusses how airborne remote sensing can significantly contribute to both, situational assessment and awareness, focussing on the downstream processes required for extracting information from imagery and for visualising and disseminating imagery in combination with other geospatial information. Valuable user feedback and impetus for further developments has been obtained from both applications, referring to innovations in thematic image analysis (supporting festival site management) and product dissemination (editable web services). Thus, this study emphasises the important role of user involvement in application-related research, i.e. by aligning it closer to user’s requirements.

Exclusive Dealing and Its Effects: The Impact of Large Music Festivals on Local Music Venues

This paper examines how local music venues are affected by exclusive contracts used by four of the United States’ most prominent music festivals. By utilizing a unique industry and multi-year dataset, as well as variation in the use of exclusive dealing across the country determined by the location of large music festivals, this paper adds to the paucity of empirical analysis of exclusive dealing and provides new insight into an ignored sector of the music industry. Results show that exclusive contracts correlate with a decrease in the number of venues in affected cities by 7–28 % when compared to those unaffected cities, with smaller cities being disproportionately affected.