Largest Mean Distance Research Articles

The Empty-Nest Power User Management Based on Data Mining Technology.

With the aging of the social population structure, the number of empty-nesters is also increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to manage empty-nesters with data mining technology. This paper proposed an empty-nest power user identification and power consumption management method based on data mining. Firstly, an empty-nest user identification algorithm based on weighted random forest was proposed. Compared with similar algorithms, the results indicate that the performance of the algorithm is the best, and the identification accuracy of empty-nest users is 74.2%. Then a method for analyzing the electricity consumption behavior of empty-nest users based on fusion clustering index adaptive cosine K-means was proposed, which can adaptively select the optimal number of clusters. Compared with similar algorithms, the algorithm has the shortest running time, the smallest Sum of the Squared Error (SSE), and the largest mean distance between clusters (MDC), which are 3.4281 s, 31.6591 and 13.9513, respectively. Finally, an anomaly detection model with an Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) algorithm and an isolated forest algorithm was established. The case analysis shows that the recognition accuracy of abnormal electricity consumption for empty-nest users was 86%. The results indicate that the model can effectively detect the abnormal behavior of empty-nest power users and help the power department to better serve empty-nest users.

Abstract TP80: Innovative Use Of A Large Real-world Database For Identifying Stroke Survivors And Access To Rehabilitation In Primary Care In Brazil

Background: As the impact of stroke continues, the number of people who require rehabilitation close to their homes will also increase. Primary health care will continue to be a critical platform for the identification and referral of stroke survivors who need long-term rehabilitation Purpose: We aimed at identifying stroke survivors assisted by community health workers (CHW) in Brazil as they relate to rehabilitation facilities locations. Methods: We used de-identified data from a real-world database generated by a free data collection app used by CHW from May 2015 to January 2021 in Brazil to identify stroke survivors, and to assess demographics and clinical characteristics. We used data from a public database, Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES), for identifying rehabilitation facilities. Locations were obtained by a Geocoding API (Google Maps Platform), distances were measured in kilometers (km) and travel time in minutes (min). Continuous variables were measured by mean (SD) and, categorical data in frequencies and percentages. Results: Among 2,397,764 individuals assisted by CHW that used the free app, 21,785 were stroke survivors, representing a 0.9% prevalence. Among this subgroup, the majority were from the Northeast region (50.3%), and 77.7% in urban areas. Most individuals (52.8%) were women, the mean age was 66.5 years (SD 14.7) and 4313 reported physical disability. A total of 348 re-habilitation facilities were identified, mostly located in the Southeast region (40.8%). The mean distance from stroke survivor to facility was 79.13 km and, mean travel time 81.16 min. The southern region has the largest mean distance (175.58 km) and travel time (144.48 min). Among patients that reported physical disability, the mean distance from stroke survivor to facility was 83.26 km and, mean travel time 85.29 min. Conclusions: We observed that stroke survivors’ distributions as they relate to rehabilitation facilities varies widely in Brazil. As a means of evaluating improvement of the clinical pathway and resources allocation for long term care, the use of large real-world databases and adequate analysis may assist in real needs assessments and policy changes.

Three-Dimensional Changes of the Auditory Canal in a Three-Year Period during Adolescence Using CBCTs.

Purpose There is a lack of identifying suitable regions in the head that can be used for three-dimensional superimposition techniques. For this reason, with the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), the ear canals were analyzed to verify changes during a period of three years in the adolescent years. Methods CBCTs from fifty-six patients (ages: 10 to 20) were used to landmark the anatomy of the ear canals. Each patient was analyzed using two CBCT reconstructions that were taken approximately three years apart. AVIZO® software was used to locate 28 landmarks distributed following the ear canal path and foramina (ovale, spinosum, rotundum, etc.) in the cranial base to obtain spatial relationships. Three-dimensional coordinates were obtained from the landmarks, and the average distance between various landmark pairings was calculated. The repeated measure ANCOVA was used to determine statistical significance. Results In the main data set, the largest mean distance change was found to be 4.37 mm ± 18.29 mm between the left foramen ovale and the left superior medial ear canal opening. The smallest mean distance change was 0.18 mm ± 3.25 mm between the right inferior lateral ear canal opening and the right inferior medial ear canal opening. Conclusions During the adolescent years, the ear canal presents dimensional changes. Even though in different areas throughout the canal, the average distances were minor, still, large standard deviations were present; thus, caution should be taken when trying to use this structure for superimposition of CBCTs.

Submental Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare multiple ultrasound parameters in diagnosing patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). MethodsA submental ultrasonography was performed to measure the distance between the lingual arteries, the diameter of the retropalatal space in the transverse dimension, and the tongue base thickness in the sagittal plane. The diameter of the retropalatal space and tongue base thickness were measured in the resting state and under Müller's maneuver. Analyses were based on the means of the triplicate measurements and the severity of OSAS. ResultsBased on ultrasound data, patients with severe OSAS had a significantly larger mean tongue base thickness in the resting state and under Müller's maneuver and a larger mean distance between the lingual arteries. The mean tongue base thickness (≥60 mm, odds ratio 5.18; 1.07–25.0) is the sole independent predictor for severe OSAS. The resting tongue base thickness (≥60 mm) had a diagnostic performance of 84.9% sensitivity, 59.3% specificity, 75.0% positive predictive value, 72.7% negative predictive value, and 74.2% accuracy for severe OSAS. ConclusionSubmental ultrasonography is a noninvasive, convenient, and effective tool in diagnosing severe OSAS.

Anatomical considerations for cervical pedicle screw insertion: the use of multiplanar computerized tomography reconstruction measurements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the linear and angular parameters of the vertebral body (VB) required for cervical pedicle screw (CPS) insertion by using multiplanar computerized tomography (CT) reconstructions. Three hundred fifteen vertebrae from C-3 to C-7 in 63 patients were studied. Pedicle dimensions such as pedicle transverse angle (PTA), pedicle sagittal angle (PSA), and pedicle outer width (POW) were measured on axial CT reconstructions, as were linear parameters including the lateral mass thickness (LMT), the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral distances between spinal canal and transverse foramen, and spinal canal longitudinal and transverse diameter. In addition, the correlations between PTA and other parameters were calculated using univariate linear regression analysis. The overall mean LMT ranged from 10.7 to 12.6 mm. The smallest mean AP spinal canal-transverse foramen distance was found at C-7 (1.1 mm),whereas the largest mean distance was at C-4 (3.1 mm). The smallest mean mediolateral spinal canal-transverse foramen distance was found at C-4 (1.2 mm), whereas the largest mean distance was at C-7 (4.7 mm). There were significant intergroup differences between male and female patients except for PTA and spinal canal longitudinal diameter. The PTA had a direct linear correlation with AP and mediolateral spinal canal-transverse foramen distances. The largest Pearson coefficient was 0.71 between the PTA and AP spinal canal-transverse foramen distance and the inverse one was -0.73 between the PTA and mediolateral spinal canal-transverse foramen distance. Analysis of the data obtained in this study suggests that not only pedicle dimensions but also linear and angular parameters of the VB can be useful data when inserting a CPS.

Diagnosis and Population Analysis of Pythium Species Using AFLP Fingerprinting.

Accurate identification of Pythium species, the causal agents of Pythium root rot and dampingoff of seedlings, and characterization of populations within the species would greatly assist in selecting and implementing control strategies for these pathogens. Several molecular techniques offer methods for accurate and rapid identification of species, but provide little information about their populations. In this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting was used to characterize plant-pathogenic Pythium species and intraspecific populations. Species-diagnostic AFLP fingerprints for Pythium aphanidermatum, P. irregulare, and P. ultimum, and tentative fingerprints for six other species, were identified. Intraspecific distance analyses of P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum, and P. irregulare revealed distinct patterns of intraspecific variation among the three species. P. aphanidermatum showed the smallest mean distance among isolates (15%), followed by P. ultimum (37%). P. irregulare had the largest mean distance among isolates (64%), which were divided into two populations with great genetic differentiation (FST = 0.2), suggesting the presence of a cryptic species boundary within this species.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study of water uptake by polyamide 4,6

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and NMR relaxation experiments are used to study the water absorption by polyamide 4,6 (PA46) plates. Despite the higher crystallinity, PA46 absorbs more water as compared to the polyamides 6 and 6,6 (PA6 and PA66). Relaxation measurements demonstrate that the volume averaged molecular mobility ( T 2 H) of the absorbed water molecules in PA46 is higher than in PA6 and PA66. Quantitative relaxation results of water saturated PA46 further suggest fast exchange between free water and water molecules bound via hydrogen bonds to amide groups. MRI reveals a gradual decrease in the amount and the T 2 H relaxation behaviour of water from the surface towards the core part of PA46 plates. This can be explained by the very high crystallisation rate of PA46, which prevents the close coupling of amide groups in the amorphous phase and results in a larger mean distance between the amide groups, especially in the outer part of the PA46 plates. Density measurements (WAXS and gradient column) show an increase of the density of the amorphous phase during annealing, resulting in a lower water uptake and a lower mobility of the absorbed water molecules.

Studies with ferritin-labelled Dolichos biflorus lectin on the numbers and distribution of A sites on A 1 and A 2 erythrocytes, and on the nature of its specificity and enhancement by enzymes.

Summary. The conjugation of Dolichos biflorus extract with ferritin produced an electron dense anti‐A reagent that was used to study the number and distribution of A sites on A1 and A2 red cells; there were five times as many ferritin‐labelled lectin molecules on A1 as on A2 cells (about 800,000: 150,000). The arrangement of sites on both A1 and A2 cells was diffuse but not random, as pattern analysis of the ferritin molecules revealed a contagious distribution of the sensitized A sites. It is suggested that the anti‐A1 saline test activity shown by the Dolichos reagent is due to the inefficiency of the small lectin molecules to bring about agglutination of the A2 cells. A2 cells have fewer sites and consequently a larger mean distance between their A sites than have A1 cells. Thus the probability of ‘bridging’ between the A sites of adjacent cells is reduced. Enzyme treatment increased lectin uptake and the A2 and B cells both bound over 8 million molecules per cell. The A2 cells gave agglutination reactions like untreated A1 cells but the B cells were not agglutinated. In areas of agglutination between the cells lectin molecules probably occurred mainly as a monolayer; however, in the other areas they occurred in multiple layers and only the first layer was in contact with cell membrane sites.