Large Percentage Of Participants Research Articles

Decentralized trial recruitment methods to facilitate broad coverage across urban and rural counties for a blood-based test in early colorectal cancer detection.

1607 Background: Based on the 2022 census, 20% of the U.S. population lives in rural areas. Recent literature suggests that individuals in these areas may encounter health disparities, potentially leading to higher mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) when compared to their urban counterparts. The PREEMPT CRC is a prospective, multicenter clinical study designed to validate an investigational blood test (MyTectCRC) intended to provide a convenient and accessible option for CRC screening. PREEMPT CRC included a decentralized clinical trial (DCT) site to broaden enrollment from a wider range of geographical areas, including traditionally underrepresented rural regions. This analysis evaluates demographic characteristics of participants from rural and urban areas enrolled in two distinct strategies within the DCT sites. Methods: Eligibility criteria for PREEMPT CRC have been previously described (NCT04369053). All DCT activities occurred under one clinical study ‘Metasite’, enabled by a multichannel recruitment strategy that included 1) Direct-to-Participant (DTP) via digital enrollment and 2) Site-Based (SB) partners who supported the principal investigator by identifying participants scheduled to receive a screening colonoscopy. Participant zip codes were mapped to local counties and aligned with either 1) Metropolitan (Urban) or 2) non-Metropolitan (Rural) counties. Enrolled participants were analyzed for demographics and lifestyle behaviors such as tobacco, alcohol, and drug use. Results: The DCT site enrolled 12,137 participants, where 7,634 used DTP and 4,503 used SB. Of all DCT participants, 24.4% resided in rural areas. DTP's rural population recruitment (27.8%) was double that of the SB (13.5%). The female and male distribution was similar across the groups. A larger percentage of participants from underrepresented races overall were enrolled from urban areas; however, there were some noticeable trends in the rural population. For participants who resided in rural areas and reported their race, 12.5% of DTP participants were Black and 1.2% were Asian, compared to 9.6% and 1.2%, respectively, in SB. For participants in rural areas who reported ethnicity, within DTP, 5.1% identified as Hispanic/Latinx, compared to 14.3% Hispanic/Latinx in SB. Lifestyle behavior factors were similar between DTP and SB participants who resided in rural and urban areas. Conclusions: Through the use of a DCT, the PREEMPT CRC study reached rural areas especially through DTP methodology. Furthermore, the use of SB versus DTP showed certain shifts in demographics, these differences highlight the effectiveness of targeted outreach strategies and reflect the importance for integration of multiple methods and tools to enhance essential population characteristics across geographical locations. Clinical trial information: NCT04369053 .

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Adolescent Pregnancy Among an Indigenous Ethnic Group in Rural Nepal: A Community-based Cross-sectional Study.

The Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group in Nepal, experience substantial marginalization and socioeconomic disadvantages, making their communities among the most vulnerable in the region. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in the Chepang communities of Raksirang Rural Municipality, Makwanpur District, Bagmati Province, Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 among 231 Chepang women selected using simple random sampling from Raksirang Rural Municipality. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interviewing the mothers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Variables with a variation inflation factor of more than 2 and a p-value of more than 0.25 were excluded from the final model. The study revealed that the prevalence rate of adolescent pregnancy among Chepang women was 71.4% (95% CI, 65.14 to 77.16). A large percentage of participants (72.7%) were married before the age of 18 years. Poor knowledge of adolescent pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 10.3; 95% CI, 8.42 to 14.87), unplanned pregnancy (aOR, 13.3; 95% CI, 10.76 to 19.2), and lack of sex education (aOR, 6.57; 95% CI, 3.85 to 11.27) were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among the Chepang community was high. These findings highlighted the importance of raising awareness about the potential consequences of adolescent pregnancy and implementing comprehensive sexuality education programs for preventing adolescent pregnancies within this community.

Health activation of patients in the face of a novel and unknown syndrome, Long COVID

Abstract Background Long COVID can still be considered as a novel disease. Although several clinical guidelines on the management of this disease have already been published, treatment options are still limited. This has left these patients frustrated in seeking treatment, and they express a willingness to try anything to manage their symptoms. The objective of this study is to analyze the level of activation of these patients in their own health. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. The sample consisted of 134 patients with Long COVID in Spain. The main variable was the activation of the patient in his own health. It was collected using the Patient Activation Measure (PAM). This tool evaluates the skills, knowledge and confidence perceived by the patient when carrying out health self-management activities. It consists of 13 items that are evaluated on a scale from 1 (totally disagree) to 4 (totally agree). The resulting score ranges from 13 to 52, and is stratified into 4 activation levels (level 1, poor activation - level 4, adequate activation). A descriptive statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS v.25 program. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for each of the ranges. Results Although there was a large percentage of participants with low levels of activation in health (28% within level 1, and 17% within level 2 activation), more than half of the study participants showed an adequate level of activation in the management and care of their own health (30% within level 3, and 23% within level 4 of activation). Conclusions Patients with Long COVID present an adequate activation in managing their own health, which can support the actions of the professionals involved in interdisciplinary treatments for this disease. However, excessive activation and the search for any resource for symptoms management (over-the-counter medications, dietary changes, supplements) without professional control could be harmful and worsen their symptoms. Key messages • Patients with Long COVID present an adequate degree of activation in managing their own health. • People with Long COVID express a willingness to try anything in order to control and manage their symptoms.

A multicomponent health care intervention is associated with improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with routine care: The INTEGRA study.

The INTEGRA study evaluated whether a specially designed multicomponent health care intervention improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with standard of care practice. Pragmatic study in subjects from primary care centres with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >9% (75 mmol/mol). The multifaceted intervention (N = 225 subjects) included a diabetes-focused visit encouraging therapeutic intensification by health care professionals. Retrospective data from matched controls (N = 675) were obtained from electronic medical records of a primary care database. The primary outcome was to compare the change in HbA1c values between the groups at 12 months of follow-up. The mean HbA1c decreased substantially in both groups after 3 months, and the mean reduction was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the usual care group after 12 months [mean difference -0.66% (-7 mmol/mol), 95% CI -0.4, -1.0; p < .001]. A larger percentage of participants in the intervention group achieved HbA1c <7% and <8% goals (15.5% vs. 5.3% and 29.3% vs. 13.5%, respectively; p < .001). The improvement in HbA1c levels was sustained throughout the study only in the intervention arm. Glucose-lowering therapy was more frequently intensified in patients in the intervention group at the initial and final time points of the study (between 0-3 and 6-12 months; p < .001), with a significant increase in the number of patients prescribed ≥2 antidiabetic therapies (p < .001). A multifaceted intervention oriented at reducing therapeutic inertia by primary care physicians was associated with greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with patients treated as per usual care.

A Study on The Rating of Traffic Safety Among Vehicle Occupants in The North-Central India

Understanding the critical role that knowledge and awareness of traffic laws and poor driving habits play in preventing traffic accidents, this study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of traffic regulations among drivers in India’s North Central Region. In order to accomplish the goals, a questionnaire was designed and sent to the people who utilize the roads. The primary findings revealed that a relatively small number of participants fully complied with speed regulations. Furthermore, the majority of participants used mobile phones while driving and drove while feeling drowsy. It is interesting to note that some of the participants lacked understanding of traffic signs, while a large percentage of participants were aware of improper driving habits. These behaviors may be the primary factors contributing to the high number of accidents that occur in the region. In light of the findings of this research, it is imperative that serious efforts be made to raise knowledge about road safety and ensure compliance with traffic rules. This study recommends boosting the participation of females on the roads since previous research has revealed that females have a high degree of understanding regarding traffic laws. In addition to this, the authorities need to step up their efforts to strictly enforce the restrictions.

Feasibility and Acceptability of Teleconsultation During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created an aberrant challenge for healthcare delivery systems, forcing public health policies across the globe to be shifted from traditional medical care in hospitals to virtual care in the homes of patients.To tackle this pandemic, telemedicine had taken center stage. This study aims to learn about patient satisfaction, feasibility, and acceptability of the use of telemedicine for clinical encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology This single-center, cross-sectional, observational study was done on a total of 758 patients who were provided with teleconsultations during the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a 49-item questionnaire consisting of patients' quality of consultation and patients' expectations to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and patient satisfaction with their telemedicine consultations. Results The majority of survey participants (97.1%) expressed satisfaction with the quality of the consultations provided through telemedicine. A large percentage of participants (96.8%) reported the benefits of teleconsultation in treating their problems. Overall, 93.3% of participants respondedpositively to the continuation of teleconsultation services after the pandemic. Conclusions The study revealed a wide extent of satisfaction among patients. The feasibility and acceptability of telemedicine services have transformed the mode of healthcare delivery systems.

Physical Activity Behavior During and After COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders-A Longitudinal Study in the Austrian, German, and Italian Alps.

BackgroundIn Alpine regions, which are very similar due to their topographical location and their wide-ranging sports offerings, the restrictions on sports activities during the COVID-19 pandemic differed in type and level: while in some regions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino), all sports activities were forbidden except for walking near the home, in other regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg), people were allowed to go hiking and running during the first lockdown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the change in physical activity (PA) behavior in different Alpine regions (Upper Bavaria, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) over four periods in 2020, to examine the effects of COVID-19 measures of varying severity on PA behavior and to identify factors associated with a change in PA over time.MethodsA retrospective online survey was conducted (N = 2975) from December 2020, to January 2021. Using the questionnaire of the Eurobarometer 472 study, PA behavior was measured over four periods: before COVID-19 (March), during the first lockdown (March and April), during the relaxed period (May-October) and during the second lockdown (November and December) in 2020.ResultsDuring the first (M = 5.0h, SD = 4.5) and the second lockdowns (M = 4.9h, SD = 4.3), the participants (age: 42 years, overly active in sports) engaged less in sports than before (M = 5.9h, SD = 4.8) and during the relaxed period in summer (M = 6.4h, SD = 5.0) (average number of hours per week being physically active). A larger percentage of participants from Alpine regions with severe restrictions (Tyrol, South Tyrol, Trentino) decreased their PA during the first lockdown as compared to participants from Upper Bavaria and Vorarlberg with a less strict first lockdown. Those with psychological distress, male participants, and individuals with decreased physical health and less free time during COVID-19 were more likely to reduce their PA.ConclusionsDespite a short-term negative effect of COVID-19 restrictions on exercise participation during lockdowns, the majority of respondents returned to their original levels of PA during the relaxed COVID-19 phases. As a comparison of Alpine regions shows, particularly severe COVID-19 measures seem to have reduced PA with potential negative health effects. For the future, policy makers and sports organizations should collaborate to support the population in their PA behavior during pandemics to outweigh restrictions.

Odnosi sa javnošću u obrazovnom sistemu

The aim of this paper is to determine the effects of the implementation of the program "School and the public" on the organization of the school system in the period of program implementation from 2009-2014. and the level of communication between the education system and the public. Methods: 694 respondents fulfilled the questionnaire for the training participants used in actual research, and prepared by the Institute for the Advancement of Education and Upbringing, intended exclusively for the Center for Professional Development of Employees. The collected data were processed by descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel and the results obtained are presented in tables and graphs. Results: The fact that the large percentage of participants (more than 90%) spoke positively about the program speaks in favor of the claim that employees in education are aware of the need for personal training and engagement in communication processes between the educational institution and the public. CONCLUSION: Participants' answers clearly indicated the obvious improvement of communication between the educational institution and the public through the affirmation of the work of the institution itself, as well as the establishment of a positive image and solving important issues and problems in the functioning and work of the institution.

Investigating the status of fatigue and the factors affecting it among women workers in Iran: A cross-sectional study in Kashan 2018

Aims: Fatigue is a state in which a person's energy is completely depleted due to excessive physical or mental work. In addition to the importance of women workers and the effects of fatigue on them, limited studies have been conducted in this field in the world, especially in Iran. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of fatigue and related factors among women workers in one of the cities of Iran. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among women workers in Kashan in 2018. The sample size was 265 participants from 300 workers. The data collection tool was the multidimensional fatigue inventory questionnaire. Data were analyzed via SPSS version 16. Results: The lowest and highest total score was 38 and 78, respectively. The mean score of activity decrease was 11.78, which was the highest score among questionnaire. Factors such as overtime, number of children, and work experience showed a statistically significant relationship with the total fatigue score (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, a large percentage of participants had a high score of fatigue. Managements should identify and modify the factors affecting fatigue to reduce the worker's fatigue. It seems that further studies are needed to reveal the relationship between fatigue and other variables to provide a deeper understanding of the causes of fatigue.

Stavovi o pravnim i etičkim aspektima doniranja organa među zdravstvenim radnicima i opštom populacijom u Crnoj Gori

Introduction: Medical and legal problems of organ transplantation are numerous. The donor must be fully and properly informed about all elements regarding the transplantation, and especially about the possible consequences resulting from the removal of tissues and organs, which is an essential ethical problem. Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the attitude of health professionals and the general population in Montenegro towards some of the legal and ethical aspects of organ donation. Material and methods: The research was conducted with the consent of the Ethics Committee of the Clinical Center of Montenegro, in Podgorica number 03 / 01-1504. The sample was formed by random selection and consisted of 400 adult citizens of the city of Podgorica. The research included 200 health workers employed at the Clinical Center of Montenegro in Podgorica and 200 adult citizens of the city of Podgorica. Results: The majority of health workers (84.6%) state that the donor should be the one who gives consent for organ donation for life. Similarly, the vast majority (76%) of the general population believe the same. The largest percentage of participants, more than a third, in both groups, believe that using organs for the wrong purposes is sometimes possible, while almost a quarter of respondents said they did not believe it could happen. The difference in the opinion of health workers and the general population on this issue was not statistically significant (p = 0.522). Conclusion: From our research it can be concluded that both groups of respondents generally believe that the guarantee that organs will be used for the right purposes is the most important factor in organ donation and that the donor is the one who will give consent for living organ donation. The proposed measures need to create a strategy to increase confidence that organ donation will be done only for the right purposes, both in the general population and among health professionals.

Population Knowledge about Rational use of Antibiotics and Antibiotics Resistance in Basrah, Iraq

Background: antibiotic abuse and resistance is worrisome issues worldwide especially in Iraq due to irrational use and self-medication use. This study aimed to assess the degree of Knowledge and practices of populations in Basra, southern of Iraq about their proper use of antibiotics. Method: community based cross-sectional study. Well-designed questionnaire was electronically distributed via social media. The data collected from April 2020 to May 2020 and analyzed statistically by using SPSS program. Results: About 1075 participants responded to the questionnaire. About 70.28 % of participants, who use antibiotic in last two months before the study, took them directly from the pharmacies without prescriptions. Only half of the participants (51.53 %) depend on healthcare professionals as information sources regarding antibiotics use. The Majority of responders have appropriate knowledge relating to identifications of antibiotic among other types of medication. However, only 44.8 % identified the target organism that antibiotics used. Similarly, a very large percentage of participants (68 %) have the wrong idea about the effectiveness of antibiotics by thinking that injectable antibiotics are more effective than oral. On the other hand, high knowledge is regarding side effects of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. Despite the apparently good knowledge, there was a generally wrong practice. Most participants are using antibiotics once they feel with flu and common cold symptoms 42.3 % stop the antibiotic once they feel better. Regarding antibiotic resistance, there was a general understanding of the role they would play to decrease these problems and were ready to participate effectively (69.2 %). Finally, the correlation was found to be positive and its value was equal to 0.425. This indicates that knowledge accounts for 42.5% of participants practice regarding antibiotics Conclusion: there is generally appropriate knowledge about antibiotic, however there is widespread wrong practices in antibiotic administration and uses. Therefore, immediate attention is required from health care organization in Iraq to prevent antibiotic administration without prescription also there is a need for more awareness campaigns to reduce antibiotic misuse and antibiotic resistance.

A cross sectional survey on physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of children with special needs

Mothers are the primary caregivers of a child. While caring for a special needs child, workload of caring increases by manifold and taking care of these children increases physical &amp; mental overload. There is a dearth of studies that have objectively evaluated mental health and fitness of this group. To study status of physical fitness, mental health and associated factors in mothers of special needs children a cross-sectional survey done on 100 mothers of special needs children from special schools in the Gurugram District, Haryana, India. The Harvard Step test was used to evaluate cardiac fitness. Standard tests were used to evaluate different components of musculoskeletal fitness. Depression was assessed by Beck Depression Inventory. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The Karl Pearson correlation test was used to identify correlations between mental health and fitness components and sociodemographic characteristics. Mean age and body mass index of mothers was 36.15±2.56 years and 27.4±3.25 kg/m2, respectively. 50% of the subjects were overweight, 89% scored poor in cardiopulmonary fitness, 63% had very poor muscle endurance, and 69% had average muscular flexibility. 81% of the mothers had symptoms of clinical depression. Inverse and significant correlation was present between depression and cardiorespiratory fitness (r=-0.197), strength (r=-0.242), and endurance (r=0.209). Income, total number of children and duration of care giving were inversely correlated with depression. Positive correlation was found between type of disability and depression. There was an overall decrement in cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness. Mental health was found to be poor with a large percentage of participants showing symptoms of depression.

The impact of e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic on students\u2019 body aches in Palestine

Musculoskeletal pain is a major concern in our life due to its negative effects on our ability to perform daily functions. During COVID-19 pandemic, several countries switched their teaching programs into e-learning, where students spend long hour using electronic devices. The use of these devices was associated with several musculoskeletal complains among the students. The aim of this study is to evaluate the different body aches associated with e-learning on university students. The subjects of this study were students from An-Najah University in Palestine. 385 questionnaires were filled using Google forms questionnaire and all the subjects were using e-learning due to COVID-19 pandemic. Our study showed that a large percentage of participants used electronic devices for e-learning during the pandemic. The Duration of these devices use was correlated with duration and degree of pain, and associated with the difficulty in ability to perform several daily activities. Furthermore, most of the students used the sitting position with supine bent forward during the device usage. Thus, the university students that participated in this study had an increase in body aches during the e-learning process, and the aches duration and severity increases if the duration of electronic devices usage increase.

THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCE OF MEDICAL TRAINING: DELAYED CHILDBEARING. A SURVEY OF REPRODUCTIVE GOALS AND FERTILITY KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICAL RESIDENTS

To assess reproductive goals and baseline fertility knowledge in residents and fellows across various specialties in a university teaching hospital. Residents and fellows at the McGaw Medical Center program of Northwestern University were invited to attend informational seminars hosted by the REI division. Postgraduate trainees have insurance coverage for infertility and oocyte vitrification. Participants were asked to complete a 38-question REDCap survey to assess their reproductive goals and baseline fertility knowledge prior to the sessions. Answers from the survey were compiled and descriptive statistics were analyzed. 112 residents and fellows attended the seminars and 59 of these attendees completed the survey (54 females and 5 males). with only 3.4% aged 35 or older. The largest percentage of participants were in their third post-graduate year (27.1%) and were training in surgical specialties (35.6%). One third of the participants were single, a third were married, and the remainder were partnered. No participants had children, although 2 experienced infertility and had pursued treatment. Over 80% planned to have children and nearly 90% of those individuals hoped to have their first child by age 35. More than 70% of participants reported that they delayed childbearing due to their career. Other reasons identified for delaying pregnancy included plans for ongoing training (50.8%), as well as concerns about time (49.2%), cost (49.2%), childcare (40.7%), and parental leave (27.1%). Nearly half of participants delayed starting a family due to their partner or lack of partner. Over 70% of participants were not aware of fertility benefits and reported desire to pursue fertility treatment or oocyte cryopreservation if covered by insurance. Barriers to pursuit included cost (74.6%), lack of knowledge regarding the procedure (59.3%), initiation (55.9%), and time commitment (54.2%). Ten percent of participants reported that female fertility does not decline until age 40. One third believed that success with one IVF cycle is 80% in women under 35. Nearly 10% of participants underreported miscarriage rates for all age groups. Sixty-five percent of respondents overestimated the upper age limit for IVF success with autologous oocytes, estimating 50.5 years and 14.3% of participants believed that women over age 60 could conceive with their own eggs. Over 80% recognized that males continuously produce sperm but greater than 30% were not aware that sperm concentration decreases with age and 11% were not aware that sperm quality similarly declines. Most medical residents and fellows delay childbearing due to training. Knowledge gaps are highly prevalent in this educated population who desire children but are delaying childbearing. Education focused on the impact of age on fertility and options such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation should be taught in medical school or during residency training.

(Re)'Thinking' family in nursing care in pandemic times.

This study aimed to identify which strategies are being adopted to deal with family restrictions in health units and assess nurses' perceptions of including families in nursing care during the current pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health organisations limited access for visitors. Family centred care needs to be guaranteed, and alternatives for face-to-face interaction should be fostered. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rethink the family in nursing care during a pandemic. We conducted a descriptive exploratory mixed-method study in Portugal using an electronic questionnaire. The study included 192 nurses recruited using a non-probabilistic convenience sample. The study was reported using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. A total of 41.1% of participants (n=79) reported that visits to their services were not authorised, and 66.7% (n=128) reported resorting to video calls because of the restrictions imposed. Regarding attitude assessment, the average score of the scale was 77.9 (SD=10.0), ranging between 26 and 98. When analysing the different dimensions of the 'Families' Importance in Nursing Care - Nurses Attitudes' scale, family data stand out as a burden. Although a large percentage of participants had a positive attitude towards families and tried to find strategies to maintain family centred care, many nurses still considered the family as a burden. The current COVID-19 pandemic may have aggravated this perception. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE, NURSING POLICY AND HEALTH POLICY: The continued implementation of family centred nursing practice is essential for child-well-being, including during the current pandemic. Therefore, having intervention policies with alternative forms of care is highly recommended.

Evaluation of public knowledge and attitude towards how to use, store and discard expired pharmaceutical drugs in Saudi Arabia

This study aimed to evaluate the public knowledge and attitude toward how to use, store and discard unused and expired pharmaceutical drugs among the Saudi population. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of participants toward the usage and disposal of expired pharmaceutical products among the Saudi population via an online survey distributed throughout social media sites during the period of two months from March 2020 to May 2020. Microsoft Excel and graph pad software analyzed the cleaned data. Descriptive statistics on sample characteristics were computed in frequencies and percentages and presented using tables and figures. 650 participants enrolled in the study. 75% of the participants had unused medicine stored at home during study time. The common types of medications kept in households were analgesics (90%) and antibiotics (67%). Most participants showed a well understanding of medication waste (70%) and the potential risks associated with improper drug disposal (85%). There was a lack of received information about safe usage, storage, and disposal practice. About 55% of the participants discarded the unused and expired medications by throwing them in the trash. In light of this study's results, which showed a large percentage of participants kept unused or expired medications in their homes despite their knowledge of the seriousness of this situation. Therefore, it is essential to plan educational programs about the rational use and expiry date of drugs to improve their awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding the safe disposal of unused and expired medications. Guidelines on safe disposal are required, and an organized method of collecting unused and expired pharmaceuticals such as the "drug take-back program" is needed. The pharmacist also has a significant role as a drug expert in educating patients about the drug's uses and how to store and discard it. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, expired pharmaceutical drugs.

Risk and Protective Factors for the Mental Health of Brazilian Healthcare Workers in the Frontline of COVID-19 Pandemic.

The objective was to compare the mental health indicators of health workers providing care to individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil, considering sociodemographic and occupational variables and the risk perception of contamination by the Sars-CoV-2 of workers from different professions, identifying risk and protective factors. A sample of 916 health workers was assessed: physicians, nursing workers, and workers from other professions (psychologists, physical therapists, nutritionists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, dentists, pharmacists, and social workers). REDCAP software was used to collect data online, using standardized instruments to assess anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and insomnia, and one questionnaire addressed risk and protective variables. Statistical techniques for comparing groups were used along with logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that all the groups presented indicators of significant mental health problems (>36%), especially the nursing group. A larger percentage of participants, regardless of the profession, presented a high rate of insomnia disorders, while posttraumatic stress was the least expressive. Occupational variables stand out as risk factors for mental health, with specificities among the different groups. A protective factor for all the groups was having positive professional prospects. The protective factors for the physicians group included support provided by co-workers, being older and a man, while being satisfied with physical protective measures implemented by the employing institution was a protective factor for the groups composed of nursing workers and other professionals. These findings are relevant for devising mental health care strategies.

Social Media as a Platform for Cyberbullying of Individuals With Craniofacial Anomalies: A Preliminary Survey.

Purpose The primary aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which individuals with facial and/or speech differences secondary to a craniofacial anomaly experienced bullying through social media platforms during late school age and adolescence. Method Using an online survey platform, a questionnaire was distributed via several public and private social media groups designated for individuals with craniofacial anomaly and their caregivers. Results The majority of participants (n = 38; 88.4%) indicated they had been bullied during late school-age and adolescence and that they believed this was due to their facial difference and/or speech disorder (n = 27; 71.1%). Almost one third indicated they had been victims of cyberbullying during this time (n = 12; 31.6%) with the most common venues being texting and Facebook. Despite the large percentage of participants who reported being bullied through social media, half (n = 6) indicated they did not often report these instances of cyberbullying. Conclusions As social media use continues to increase, it appears inevitable that cyberbullying will occur. Particularly vulnerable to both traditional and cyberbullying are individuals with craniofacial anomalies. Because of the specialized training of speech-language pathologists, school-based speech-language pathologists are in a unique position to play a key role in school-wide antibullying efforts and to educate school personnel on ways in which to support the needs of children with craniofacial anomalies both inside and outside of the classroom.

Knowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors of Hormozgan residents toward COVID-19, one month after the epidemic in Iran.

AimCOVID-19 has become prevalent in the world since December 2019. The further prevalence of the disease can be prevented by correct management of society and increasing knowledge, practices, and attitudes of the people. The present research aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors of people in Hormozgan in the south of Iran toward COVID-19.Subject and methodsThe present cross-sectional research was conducted over 2 months (March 2020–April 2020). The online questionnaire comprised four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward COVID-19. Knowledge included 36 items, attitude eight items, and behavior ten items. The collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS ver. 22. The split-half method was used to test the reliability of knowledge and the estimated value was 0.84. That of attitude and behavior was estimated via Cronbach’s alpha and was found to be 0.81 and 0.75, respectively.ResultsA total number of 2024 participants with an average age of 33.94 years took part in this research. Of all participants, 64.4% were female. According to the results, 65.8% enjoyed a good level of knowledge and 34.2% enjoyed an average level. In addition, 63.2% demonstrated a good attitude and 36.8% an average level. A large percentage of participants (90.6%) had good practices and only 9.4% had an average level of practices.ConclusionThe present findings show that participants had a relatively good level of knowledge, positive attitude, and good behavior concerning COVID-19.

English

This study utilized a quantitative approach and obtained results from 33 questionnaires and ten (10) semi structured interviews of people with diabetes. The results obtained were as follows: Participants used hypoglycemic plant species (cow's paw, carqueja and eucalyptus) in the form of an infusion, mostly once a day; a large percentage of participants believed that some plant species have the ability to aid in reducing blood glucose. The collected data were analyzed using a Microsoft Excel 2007 worksheet and were summarized by descriptive statistical methods. Despite the small number of users of these plants, this study is valid; therefore, it adds information about the use of these plants in the control of diabetes. In addition, it is essential that health professionals know about the use of these plants, so that they can inform the public about the most commonly used preparations and the risks they may have in order for the use to provide the desired health benefits. The data demonstrated the use and efficacy of this medicinal plant for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results contribute information for ethnopharmacological screenings and the research direction regarding the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, phytotherapy, Bauhinia forficata, public health, Brazilian Amazon.