Larger Movement Research Articles

Numerical investigation on the suction caisson response considering seabed trenches and cyclic loading

As anchors of floating offshore structures, suction caissons endure cyclic loads transmitted by mooring chains. The moving chains repeatedly cut into the seabed, triggering the formation of trench, which further reduces the stability of suction caisson. However, the coupling effects of cyclic loading and trenches on the movement of suction caisson remain unexplored. To address this issue, finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the coupling effect of cyclic loading and trench on the movement of rigid suction in clay, employing a bounding surface constitutive model. The influences of cyclic amplitude, mean load, trench depth and width on the anchor behaviour are analysed. The results show that movement at the fixed loading point on the rigid caisson nonlinearly increases with the amplitude (qam) and mean (qme) of cyclic loading on a trenched seabed. This increase becomes pronounced when qam exceeds 0.15, and qme surpasses 0.35 the caisson's bearing capacity (qref). Additionally, trench dimensions significantly influence the caisson's movement. Specifically, trench depth has complex influence on the caisson's movement pattern, and increasing trench width results in larger movement, especially beyond a certain width. Considering the seabed trenches and cyclic loading, these findings offer valuable insight into the suction caisson movement.

Sonic Electromagnetism

The author describes their sound art practice, which uses the electromagnetic field (EM) to explore concepts of the body toward a feminist and pro-trans future. This practice stands in contrast to hidden consumer “black box” culture and mediated digital telepresence. Three specific art projects are explored that fuse visual design, printed circuitry, and interactivity to build critical space for participatory exploration. The author explores concepts of the body in relation to spatialized sound and queer phenomenology of sound. Lastly, the author suggests that the creative exploration of sonic electromagnetism is a larger movement by a disparate community of artists who aim to challenge existing systems of power. In their exploration of the electromagnetic field, the author argues that these artists strive to harness a new source of empowerment and spirit.

Insights on seasonal solifluction processes in warm permafrost Arctic landscape using a dense monitoring approach across adjacent hillslopes

Solifluction processes in the Arctic are highly complex, introducing uncertainties in estimating current and future soil carbon storage and fluxes, and assessment of hillslope and infrastructure stability. This study aims to enhance our understanding of triggers and drivers of soil movement of permafrost-affected hillslopes in the Arctic. To achieve this, we established an extensive soil deformation and temperature sensor network, covering 48 locations across multiple hillslopes within a 1 km2 watershed on the Seward Peninsula, AK. We report depth-resolved measurements down to 1.8 m depth for May to September 2022, a period conducive to soil movement due to deepening thaw layers and frequent rain events. Over this period, surface movements of up to 334 mm were recorded. In general, these movements occur close to the thawing front, and are initiated as thawing reaches depths of 0.4–0.75 m. The largest movements were observed at the top of the south-east facing slope, where soil temperatures are cold (mean annual soil temperatures averaging −1.13 °C) and slopes are steeper than 15°. Our analysis highlights three primary factors influencing movements: slope angle, soil thermal conditions, and thaw depth. The latter two significantly impact the generation of pore water pressures at the thaw–freeze interface. Specifically, soil thermal conditions govern the liquid water content, while thaw depth influences both the height of the water column and, consequently, the pressure at the thawing front. These factors affect soil properties, such as cohesion and internal friction angle, which are crucial determinants of slope stability. This underscores the significance of a precise understanding of subsurface thermal conditions, including spatial and temporal variability in soil temperature and thaw depth, when assessing and predicting slope instabilities. Based on our observations, we developed a factor of safety proxy that consistently falls below the triggering threshold for all probes exhibiting displacements exceeding 50 mm. This study offers novel insights into patterns and triggers of hillslope movements in the Arctic and provides a venue to evaluate their impact on soil redistribution.

The Religious Space of Badakhshan: Ismailism and Sufism

Nowadays, the culture and cultural identity of the Pamir peoples are largely determined by the widespread and predominance of Ismailism, the largest movement within Shiite Islam, in this region. Local folklore narratives associate the key role in the spread of the Ismaili madhhab with the name of the poet, philosopher and preacher (da‘i) Nasir-i Khusraw (11th century). Yet the available now written sources do not provide sufficient grounds to ascertain definitely the real character of Nasir-i Khusraw activities in Badakhshan and the subsequent history of the Ismaili da‘wa in the Pamirs. This article examines a range of issues and problems dealing with the morphology of the religious space of Badakhshan, forms, ways and methods of interaction between Ismailis and Sufi tariqas, the influence of Sufi doctrines on intellectual history and local Ismaili religious practices.

Tanker and SPM Motion Response Analysis due to Environmental Load

The use of tankers for oil and gas distribution requires auxiliary structures such as Single Point Mooring (SPM). In the process of loading cargo, tankers must maintain a level of stability so that the load transfer process runs smoothly. Stability needs to be checked using inputs in the form of structural responses in free-floating conditions to get structural responses when moored. Analysis of the motion response of tankers and SPM in free-floating conditions showed that ballast tanker loads had a greater motion response than full loads with the largest movement on roll at 3.59 deg/m. The moored motion response of the tanker has the greatest amplitude in the surge movement towards the AP with a value of -0.2251 m.

The effects of the Federal Reserve Chair’s testimony on interest rates and stock prices

We study how congressional testimony about monetary policy by the Chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System affects interest rates and stock prices. First, we study testimony associated with the Federal Reserve’s Monetary Policy Reports (MPRs) to Congress. Testimony for a particular MPR is usually given on two days, one day for each chamber of Congress. We separately study the first day and second day of MPR testimony. We also study testimonies not associated with MPRs but that are still related to monetary policy. We find that first-day MPR testimonies cause the largest movements in interest rates and generate negative co-movement between interest rates and stock prices. Testimonies not associated with MPRs have similar but weaker effects. Second-day MPR testimonies cause the smallest movements in interest rates and generate no co-movement between interest rates and stock prices.

Trophic ecology shapes spatial ecology of two sympatric predators, the great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) and bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas)

Information on how the trophic ecology of predators shapes their movement patterns and space-use is fundamental to understanding ecological processes across organisational levels. Despite this, studies combining spatial and trophic ecology to determine how prey preference and/or resource availability shape space use are lacking in marine predators as these can occur at low density and are often difficult to track over extended periods. Furthermore, many exhibit behavioural variability within species and among closely related, sympatric species adding further complexity. We applied a context-focused, multi-method approach to the understudied great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) to test if movement and home ranges relate to prey preference and availability. Movement data from satellite and acoustic telemetry in Queensland, Australia, were combined with stable-isotope analysis, drone surveys, and videos of hunting behaviour. Limited dispersal, and small home ranges in S. mokarran were linked to trophic specialisation on stingray prey. Drone surveys and videos showed predation events on stingrays and demonstrated high, year-round availability of this prey in shallow, inshore habitats, which may allow the majority of S. mokarran to remain resident. This affinity for inshore habitats suggests that critical life-history requirements are performed over local or regional scales, although some larger movements were evident. These results were interpreted in comparison to the well-studied bull shark (Carcharhinus leucas), which showed reliance on pelagic food webs. Carcharhinus leucas had high individual variability in movement, with both large-scale migrations and residency. This could indicate that only some individuals are locally sustained on dynamic, pelagic food webs, while others undergo large-scale excursions over distant habitats. The specialised foraging of S. mokarran indicates they play an apex predator role in shallow, inshore habitats, potentially shaping space-use, and foraging behaviour of batoids. As inshore habitats are disproportionately affected by anthropogenic stressors, S. mokarran’s trophic specialisation and limited demographic connectivity may make the species particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic threats.

Feminist Pedagogies on the Front Lines: Struggling Against a Mine, Struggling Against Patriarchy

In 2018, residents of the Vayots Dzor region in southern Armenia began occupying the entrance to a gold mine owned by Lydian International, at Amulsar mountain, to halt operation. At the forefront of this struggle were not only local men, but also many women who identified themselves as feminists from the capital city of Yerevan. Although feminism is marginalized as a political praxis and discourse in the country—including within leftist and progressive circles—feminists are on the front lines of various larger political struggles. Through ethnographic research within feminist and environmental struggles in Armenia—in which I was situated as a researcher, friend, and comrade—I found that feminists instructed those within and outside of larger political struggles on the importance of gendered understandings of social, political, and economic relations toward their transformation. This pedagogical work was necessary for their ability to do political work as women within these larger movements. I draw on Paulo Freire’s work on pedagogy to discuss feminist forms of pedagogy as praxis. I call these dialogical pedagogy, political pedagogy of the self, and reproductive pedagogy, and argue that each offers possibilities of feminist praxis within and beyond environmental struggles in a context of feminism’s marginalization.

Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Kinetics of the Overhead Deep Squat in Healthy Adults: A Descriptive Study

The squat, a fundamental functional movement, is prone to biomechanical inefficiencies. Several screening batteries utilize the Overhead Deep Squat (OHDS) to assess individuals for stability and mobility deficits. The purpose of this study was to create a comprehensive description of the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics and kinetics for normal, healthy participants during an overhead deep squat. This descriptive study containing 70 healthy young adults (31 male, 39 female; aged 18–35) utilized a video motion tracking system interfaced with force plates to obtain full-body 3D kinematics and kinetics. Seventy-three retro-reflective markers from the combined Plug-in Gait, Vicon upper limb, and Oxford Multi-segment foot models were used. Visual 3D software was used to determine joint kinematics and kinetics. Means and standard deviations of lower limb and trunk segment joint angles in the sagittal, transverse, and horizontal planes, as well as the ground reaction forces and net internal joint moments, were computed. The largest movements and joint moments occurred in the sagittal plane; however, the frontal and transverse plane appear crucial to providing stability and mobility. These results can be used as pilot normative data for both future studies and during assessments of biomechanical abnormalities in training and rehabilitation settings.

Structural and dynamic properties of the YTH domain in complex with N6‐methyladenosine RNA studied by accelerated molecular dynamics simulations

BackgroundN6‐methyl adenosine (m6A) modifications of mRNA and long non‐coding RNA (lncRNAs) are known to play a significant role in regulation of gene expression and organismal development. Besides writer and eraser proteins of this dynamic modification, the YT521‐B homology (YTH) domain can recognize the modification involved in numerous cellular processes. The function of proteins containing YTH domain and its binding mode with N6‐Methyladenosine RNA has attracted considerable attention. However, the structural and dynamic characteristics of the YTH domain in complex with m6A RNA is still unknown.MethodThis work presents results of accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations at the timescale of microseconds. Principal component analysis (PCA), molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations, contact analysis and contact‐based principal component analysis (conPCA) provide new insights into structure and dynamics of the YTH‐RNA complex.ResultsThe aMD simulations indicate that the recognition loop has a larger movement away from the binding pocket in the YTH‐A3 RNA than that in the YTH‐m6A3 RNA. In aMD trajectories of the apo YTH, there is a significant close‐open transition of the recognition loop, that is to say, the apo YTH can take both the closed and open structure. We have found that the YTH domain binds more favorably to the methylated RNA than the non‐methylated RNA. The per‐residue free energy decomposition and conPCA suggest that hydrophobic residues including W380, L383‐V385, W431‐P434, M437, and M441‐L442, may play important roles in favorable binding of the m6A RNA to the YTH domain, which is also supported by aMD simulations of a double mutated system (L383A/M437A).ConclusionThe results are in good agreement with higher structural stability of the YTH‐m6A RNA than that of the YTH‐A3 RNA. The addition of a methylation group on A3 can enhance its binding to the hydrophobic pocket in the YTH domain. Our simulations support a ‘conformational selection’ mechanism between the YTH‐RNA binding. This work may aid in our understanding of the structural and dynamic characteristics of the YTH protein in complex with the methylated RNA.

The effect of toll road operation on national road performance in Central Java province

One of the major infrastructure development programs of the Indonesian government is the construction of toll roads, such as the Trans-Central Java toll road. The construction of these toll roads subsequently affects various aspects of the country, including the capacity and performance of the national road network. However, the government needs to analyze the effect of the toll road network on the performance of the national road network both in the existing and the coming years. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the Trans Java toll road network on the performance of national roads. The study area used was the Central Java Province with a specific focus on toll roads and national roads. The analysis was processed on the EMME/3 software to form a road network with Gravity Model. The findings showed that the largest movement between 2022 and 2048 is in internal zones. It was also discovered that the Volume-Capacity Ratio value of the road network in 2022 was stable while 512 roads were projected to be unstable in 2048. Moreover, the average travel speed on national road sections in 2022 with toll roads was found to be stable up to 2030 but the speeds started reducing from 2035 to 2048 where the value was recorded to be less than 40 km/hour.

Home range variability and philopatry in Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) breeding in Iberia

Large scavengers are strongly dependent on environmental conditions and carrion distribution and abundance, so season and breeding-related factors may influence the spatial ecology of species such as the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), the largest European raptor. Iberia holds one of the biggest populations worldwide, but some aspects of the spatial ecology of the species in this region remain unknown. In this study, 17 adult Cinereous Vultures were GPS-tracked in order to study their spatial ecology during the adult phase. The average monthly home ranges (95% Kernel Density Estimation, KDE) and core areas (50% KDE) were 6543 ​± ​19,935 ​km2 and 1174 ​± ​4004 ​km2, respectively. The average monthly home range fidelity ranged between 50 and 73%. Differences in movement-related variables between the seasonal periods (incubation, chick-rearing and non-breeding) were found. During the chick-rearing period, the monthly accumulated distance was higher than during the other periods: 3316 ​± ​1108 (chick-rearing) vs. 1621 ​± ​622 (incubation) vs. 1726 ​± ​1159 ​km per month (non-breeding). Additionally, large home range sizes were more frequent during the chick-rearing period. There are two likely causes for these seasonal differences. Firstly, chick-rearing entails a higher energetic expenditure by the parental individuals in foraging activities, so larger movements and foraging areas are expected during this period. Secondly, the flight is favoured during spring and summer due to environmental conditions. Matching chick-rearing and warm months is a great evolutionary advantage for soaring-gliding raptors, as it allows them to cover larger areas with low energy expenditure. Furthermore, six individuals tagged as nestlings highlight the philopatric behaviour of the species: vultures settle their breeding areas 54 ​± ​51 ​km from their natal nest (range ​= ​9–138 ​km).

Racial differences in transfusion practices: Time to address structural racism

See article on page 1519–1526, in this issue

Purkinje Cell Activity Resonation Generates Rhythmic Behaviors at the Preferred Frequency of 8 Hz.

Neural activity exhibits oscillations, bursts, and resonance, enhancing responsiveness at preferential frequencies. For example, theta-frequency bursting and resonance in granule cells facilitate synaptic transmission and plasticity mechanisms at the input stage of the cerebellar cortex. However, whether theta-frequency bursting of Purkinje cells is involved in generating rhythmic behavior has remained neglected. We recorded and optogenetically modulated the simple and complex spike activity of Purkinje cells while monitoring whisker movements with a high-speed camera of awake, head-fixed mice. During spontaneous whisking, both simple spike activity and whisker movement exhibit peaks within the theta band. Eliciting either simple or complex spikes at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 28 Hz, we found that 8 Hz is the preferred frequency around which the largest movement is induced. Interestingly, oscillatory whisker movements at 8 Hz were also generated when simple spike bursting was induced at 2 and 4 Hz, but never via climbing fiber stimulation. These results indicate that 8 Hz is the resonant frequency at which the cerebellar-whisker circuitry produces rhythmic whisking.

‘Do I need to sit beside the man to be equal to Him’? Second‐Wave Feminism and Jewish Women in Montreal, 1962–1980

AbstractThis article is a preliminary study into the impact of feminism within the Jewish‐Canadian community in Montreal in the 1960s and 1970s, based on a combination of archival research and oral history. This research reveals that while community, religious elites and ordinary Jewish women in Montreal did engage with feminist ideas right from the beginning, this engagement was limited in the 1960s and 1970s. Specifically, questions arose about the compatibility of feminism with Jewish religion and culture, particularly with respect to the devaluation of motherhood and family within the larger movement. As a result, Jewish women in Montreal selectively incorporated second‐wave feminism into their lives in contradictory and inconsistent ways, viewing the role of women in the home and family as a source of pride and strength. This suggests the need to rethink our image of feminism in this period by including new understandings of feminist activism and the possibility that the lack of connection over the subject of motherhood was the norm rather than the exception.

Model minority privilege and brown silence: Sikh Americans and the Black Lives Matter movement

ABSTRACT As the nation was in flames following the murder of George Floyd at the hands of the Minneapolis Police Department, Sikhs across the nation stood with people of color in “the largest movement in U.S. history” to advocate for Black Lives Matter. Yet, Sikhs' relationship with law enforcement is much more complicated. This paper navigates through the complexity of Sikhs' relationship with law enforcement and the Black Lives Matter movement by using historical methods before discussing how religion influenced Sikh Americans to stand in solidarity against anti-Black racism.

Emotion Recognition of Online Education Learners by Convolutional Neural Networks.

At present, the facial expression recognition model in video communication has problems such as weak network generalization ability and complex model structure, which leads to a large amount of computation. Firstly, the Inception architecture is adopted as a design philosophy. The Visual Geometry Group Network (VGGNet) model is improved. Multiscale kernel convolutional layers are constructed to obtain more expressive features. Secondly, the attention mechanism is integrated into a multiscale feature fusion network to form a multiattention mechanism Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. Novel spatial and multichannel attention models are designed. The effects of redundant information and noise are reduced. Finally, experiments are carried out on the Fer2013 dataset and the Extended Cohn-Kanade Dataset (CK+) to verify the detection accuracy of the model. The results show that the Delivered Duty Unpaid (DDU) loss can be used for facial expression recognition in complex environments. After the attention module is added, the overall recognition accuracy of the network on Fer2013 and CK+ has been improved to varying degrees. The addition of the channel attention module has a more obvious effect on the recognition accuracy compared with the spatial attention module. The addition of the attention module enables the network to increase the attention to error-prone samples. The improved network model can better extract the key features of facial expressions, enhance the feature discrimination ability, and improve the recognition accuracy of error-prone expressions. The accuracy rate of facial expression recognition with larger movements is over 98%. Facial expressions are an important way of communication between people, and online video has greatly limited this communication method. The proposed CNN model based on multiscale feature fusion will effectively solve these network limitations and have an important and positive impact on future network information exchange.

A River Again

This article details the successful campaign to decommission two hydroelectric plants and a dam on Fossil Creek in Arizona—a rare perennial stream in the Southwest. Beginning in 1991, American Rivers, the Sierra Club, and community service groups utilized the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s recommissioning process to force the removal of the dam and plants. They faced opposition from the plants’ owner, the historical community, and citizens concerned over the loss of a seemingly “green” source of renewable energy. This study argues that Fossil Creek was a pioneering achievement in the larger movement to remove dams in the United States. After Edwards Dam in Maine, it was only the second dam taken down to restore fish species. In Maine—and in later dam removals in Washington and Oregon—valuable salmon and other anadromous species were the focus of conservation efforts; but in Fossil Creek, the effort was unique in that it centered on helping to save several species of rare desert fishes that had little or no sport or commercial value. The Fossil Creek victory represents an important example of the complex intersection of ecological restoration and environmental politics in the late twentieth century.

Comparing Penitential Acts: Why the Flagellants of 1349 Were Condemned While Those in 1260 Were Not

This essay looks at two different groups of Christian flagellants. The first, in 1260 AD, was given Church approval and became widespread. Less than one hundred years later, in 1349 AD and during the Black Death, another movement of Flagellants became widespread but was quickly condemned by the Church. This essay compares these two groups to investigate why they received different Papal responses. By using the available English sources of the time along with secondary source evidence, this essay highlights key differences between the Flagellants of 1260 and those in 1349 particularly drawing on their observed behaviours, public appearances, and their response to larger movements.

An appreciative inquiry and inventory of Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives within the western U.S.

Indigenous food sovereignty is informed by—and is a framework and movement that supports—all the various means through which Indigenous peo­ple are revitalizing and reclaiming their traditional foodways. These efforts incorporate established values, pro­cesses, and outcomes, including rela­tionality, self-determination, decolonization, and wellbeing. Through appreciative inquiry, this re­search inven­tories Indigenous food sovereignty initiatives in the western United States and identi­fies their common themes and key features. A systematic search of scholarly and popular sources yielded a database of 123 initiatives that vary by type, land base, and geo­graphic location. Three themes emerged across ini­tiatives. First, concrete strategies include growing and food production, harvesting and food acquisi­tion, food preparation, and distribution and ex­change. Second, cultural revitalization occurs through community develop­ment, youth and young adult education, other forms of education, and regenerating cultural iden­tity through tradi­tions. Finally, initiative founda­tions include advo­cacy, policy, and environmental stewardship; fund­ing mechanisms; and partner­ships with non-Indigenous actors. Across themes, individual initia­tives include numerous intercon­nected food sover­eignty efforts and demonstrate the adaptive capaci­ties of Indigenous people. This research compiles and aims to respectfully celebrate the myriad ways Indigenous people in the western U.S. are revitaliz­ing their foodways as part of a larger movement toward Indigenous food sovereignty.