The distribution of NO and H2S in the arterial vessels of the anterior abdominal wall after implantation of a polypropylene mesh was studied by immunohistochemical methods at different stages of healing of the surgical wound in mature male Wistar rats. The presence of enzymes of NO and H2S synthesis in the wall of arterial vessels of the soft tissues of the anterior abdominal wall has been established. It has been shown that endothelial NO synthase is localized exclusively in the endothelium of both large and small vessels. Cystathionine γ lyase in small vessels is located only in the endothelial lining, whereas in large arteries and vessels of medium caliber, it is located in the endothelium and in myocytes. Inducible NO synthase appears in the artery wall only in animals with implanted polypropylene mesh by day 5 of the postoperative period, reaching the maximum by day 10. The content and localization of cystathionine γ lyase in the vascular wall of sham-operated and experimental rats did not much differ from the control values.