Introduction Reunion Island is a French overseas region located in the Indian Ocean, with a multiethnic and multireligious population of about 850,000 inhabitants. Reunion Island is affected by large social inequalities and geographical disparities. Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rate are significantly higher than in mainland France. Furthermore, cervical cancer screening (CCS) coverage by Pap smear is rather low. Objectives The aims of this study were. Primary objective: to describe socio-demographic, financial and logistical barriers to and potential facilitators for CCS. Secondary objective: to determine factors associated with non-participation to CCS during the past three years. Methods During the year 2017, a cross-sectional phone survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1000 women aged 25–65 years living in Reunion Island. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, healthcare use, health literacy, ethnicity, and knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP) concerning prevention and screening were collected by a standardized KABP questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between these factors and adherence to CCS. Results Twelve percent of the women declared not having had a CCS in the past 3 years. The main individual barriers reported by these women were psychosocial (50%): lack of information and knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening, a low perceived susceptibility to cancer, no perceived benefit of screening, embarrassment about the test and fear of the results. Omission (27%), logistic barriers (23%), and lack of time were also mentioned. The most important structural facilitators for screening included the opportunity to have access to a specific preventive consultation close to the place of residence (74%), and paper or call reminders (69%). Moreover, 67% requested more information about CCS from physicians, and 63% were favorable to Human Papilloma Virus self-collected testing. Women aged over 55 (adjOR: 2,02, 95% CI: 1.09–3.73), having had no primary care physician visit in the past 12 months (adjOR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.75–5.84), with a low literacy level (adjOR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.99–4.88), with a low medical insurance coverage (adjOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.18–3.14), having low incomes (adjOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.02–3.22) and with a low-level of knowledge (adjOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21) were more likely to not attend CCS. Discussion In order to increase the rate of CCS among women in Reunion Island, awareness campaigns and screening programs should pay special attention to vulnerable populations.