Large Shopping Centers Research Articles

Effectiveness of Financial Literacy in interest in using QRIS application regarding the challenges of entrepreneurship

This research aims to determine the influence of financial literacy on interest in using QRIS on entrepreneurial behavior. The Indonesian Standard QRIS Quick Response Code service supports payment processes from bank and non-bank providers used in the community, making transactions easier. This payment system via QRIS can not only be done in large shopping centers but can also be used in food stalls, tourist attractions, street vendors, even people's markets or traditional markets if they use the QRIS logo. The data source used is primary data with a total of 50 respondents. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. From the test results, the results of this research analysis are in accordance with the proposed hypothesis and the direction of the coefficient is consistent, namely a positive effect of 3.058 with a significance of 0.004 which is supported by the data, so it can be concluded that the financial literacy variable has an influence on entrepreneurial behavior, so that an increase of 3.0% will resulting in an increase in the use of MSMEs in entrepreneurial behavior

Effect of location-based advertising filtering mechanism in smart service

Location-based advertising (LBA) refers to the delivery of marketing messages to mobile devices based on consumer location. The literature finds that LBA improves marketing effectiveness; however, distrust threatens consumers’ acceptance of LBA. This research suggests that an LBA filtering mechanism, which allows consumers to select advertising categories according to their preferences autonomously, may overcome the distrust. Its effect was empirically investigated in a smart retailing service platform. Two field experiments were conducted in a large shopping center with a total of 360 consumers. The results reveal that filtered (vs. unfiltered) LBA leads to more favorable behavioral intention through serial mediation of reduced psychological distance and enhanced trust. Moreover, the effect of LBA filtering in reducing psychological distance is more prominent for consumers with a prevention (vs. promotion) focus and with (vs. without) a purchase plan. The findings have implications for the system design and marketing of LBA.

Persistent heat islands monitoring of Tehran metropolis using temporal analysis of Landsat-8 satellite images.

The management and design of urban areas in metropolises pose significant challenges. Balancing diverse land uses within a metropolitan structure and addressing spatial and environmental constraints are just some of these challenges. Urban heat islands, which stem from factors such as inappropriate construction materials, inadequate building insulation, improper land use locations, and unsuitable built-up density, reflect environmental imbalances within urban infrastructure. Effectively addressing these temperature discrepancies can lead to energy preservation, reduced environmental hazards, and enhanced comfort for urban residents. This study employed Landsat-8 satellite images to identify and monitor positive and convex temperature disparities across various districts of Tehran over 3years (2018 to 2020) using three different strategies. These disparities are estimated through the differences in land surface temperature from the thermal trend of each district and their persistence has been assessed in seasonal, semi-annual, and annual strategies. The study found that industrial areas, including warehouses, were the significant contributors to the persistent presence of urban heat islands in summer and winter. Open areas with impervious surfaces or bare soil, particularly those lacking sufficient green cover, also significantly contributed to the heat island effect. Certain large shopping centers, often due to their air conditioning systems, were also consistently identified as persistent heat islands. Evaluations demonstrated that over 78.8% of the identified persistent heat islands were meaningful, with most located in the northern and western parts of Tehran.

БИРОБИДЖАН: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ТОРГОВЫХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ ГОРОДА-СПУТНИКА

A number of studies are devoted to the urban development of settlements in the Far East, but they do not consider trade spaces as structureforming spaces, whereas they often form the framework of the city. After studying the cadastral maps of Birobidzhan, topographic survey materials, online maps and other documents, we identified five historical periods of formation of outdoor trade spaces in Birobidzhan and their architectural and planning features. The first stage was 1928-1933: the period of free development of the territory, when the trade environment was an instrument of social adaptation of the developed space. The second was 1932-1937, when professional architects were invited to the planning and development of the city, and the market square received its official status. The third stage was 1937-1990: the period of planned development of the territory, when the planned trade environment was formed. The fourth was in the 1990s: it was the time of post-socialist transformation, the typical feature of which was self-organization of market space, the trade street reflected the crisis phenomena in the urban system. The fifth stage lasts from 2000 to the present and includes reorganization of trade spaces: demolition of old pavilions and stalls in the Central Market area, emergence of seasonal fairs as a new form of open trade in the city, concentration of small open trade spaces near the existing markets at the same time with separate functioning of large shopping centres that close the adjacent territories from street trade. The comprehensive programme for the implementation of the concept "Compact competitive city with jewish colour on the border with China" (master plan of Birobidzhan until 2030) envisages, among other things, the renovation of trade spaces. It should take into account trade as a social phenomenon.

Women entrepreneurs and government neglect in the face of Covid-19: resilience of social cadets through online commercial innovation

One of the major social transformations brought about by Covid-19 in Cameroon with the internet tool is the development of e-shop commercial activities. At the center of this movement are women whose socio-economic profiles show that they are in a situation of financial vulnerability. The areas of commercial intervention of these women range from the clothing industry to the food industry, including cosmetics, catering and natural health products. If their motivations are part of a dynamic of personal development which is linked to their career paths, most of these women make digital platforms spaces of economic profitability to escape their precarious state. Relying on a network of wholesale suppliers based in China, Turkey or in large shopping centers in the cities of Yaoundé and Douala, the sellers participate in the dematerialization of sales spaces for their digitalization. This is explained by the numerous advantages offered by the phenomenon: the payment of rent which replaces payment of the internet package for various transactions. This form of utilitarian accumulation of digital capital provides information not only on the socio-economic transformation of Cameroon by social cadets but also on the meaning of the relationships between these online sellers, their customers and their suppliers and the patriarchal structure of the social system. The aim of this work is to understand, beyond a precarious environment, the capacity of women entrepreneurs in the unstructured economy sector to overcome the changes brought about by Covid-19. To do this, the analytical approach is structuralist, it relies on a network of symbolic relationships which would make possible the political analysis of the position of women in Cameroon, the crisis situation and their empowerment.

MA-STS-Based Social Intimacy Analysis Algorithm Using Real Campus Network Data

In recent years, the widespread availability of Wi-Fi in various settings, including universities, enterprises, and large shopping centers, has become increasingly prevalent. The user’s time and location information embedded in wireless network systems can reveal individual and group social relationships, which indirectly reflect each person’s psychological well-being. However, due to challenges in obtaining complete data, the high complexity of related data, and the absence of suitable data analysis models, few studies have analyzed student social behavior using data from university campus networks. This paper employs real-world data from a renowned Chinese university’s wireless campus network for in-depth analysis and introduces a novel multiangle semantic trajectory similarity (MA-STS) algorithm to infer the intimacy and relationship types (such as teacher-student, friends, classmates, or romantic partners) between users. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves an accuracy of over 95%.

Buy now pay later services as a way to pay: credit consumption and the depoliticization of debt

ABSTRACT The use of buy now pay later (BNPL) services has grown rapidly in recent years. Existing research has considered the regulatory challenges they pose, but further work is required to map their significance as a means of normalizing and naturalizing debt. In response, this article focuses on the situated landscape of marketing and branding of BNPL services through analysis of their websites and apps, a walking ethnography of a large shopping centre, and interviews with BNPL customers. We find that BNPL services nurture a “structure of feeling” that is reminiscent of digitally intimate online spaces, and claim that by generating a sense of pleasure and fun they distinguish themselves from other comparatively “serious” financial services. We ultimately contend that this aids them in presenting themselves as simply a “way to pay” rather than a form of credit, arguing that this represents a significant new step in the depoliticization of debt.

Localize Yourself in Malls: An Anatomy of a Commercial Localization System with One-million Users

The past two decades have witnessed the surge of smartphones and mobile applications. When going out, people will naturally open the map application (such as Google Maps) to find their current location (i.e., localization) and the way to their destination (i.e., navigation). At the same time, many people rely on their smartphones for localization when they walk into shopping malls, especially in large shopping centers. In outdoor environments, we usually leverage GPS to estimate our location. However, satellite signals are oftentimes weak inside buildings, resulting in large positioning errors and thus a poor navigation experience for users.

Traditional Methods of Leather Processing among the Peoples of Dagestan (19th – Early 20th Centuries): Technological Features and Main Centers of Industry

Целью обзора является анализ технологического процесса обработки кожи в Дагестане в XIX – начале ХХ вв., автором использованы труды по этнографии народов Дагестана. Рассмотрены технологические этапы обработки кожи, получение из нее сафьяна, описаны инструменты для снятия мездры и мягчения кожи, способы получения цветовой гаммы для окрашивания кожевенных изделий, определены центры по производству и сбыту кожевенной продукции. Анализ показал, что традиционная технология выделки кожи предусматривала несколько этапов обработки сырья: засаливание, просушивание, проветривание, очищение от жира, промывание, замачивание в растворе, расчистка от мездры, мягчение, отбеливание, окрашивание. Для обезжиривания и отбеливания использовали муку, соль, птичий помет, известь, сыворотку, квасцы, уксус. При окрашивании употреблялись железный купорос, кора и корни деревьев, произраставших в данной местности. The aim of the review is to analyze the technological process of leather processing in Dagestan in the 19th - early 20th centuries. The author sought to identify the technological stages of processing and dyeing leather, to characterize the features of the technology common among various peoples of the region, to identify the main centers for the production and sale of leather products in Dagestan and beyond. As part of the review, for the first time, the author generalizes the available scattered information about the leather industry of Dagestan and presents a fairly complete picture of the development of leather production in the region. The review is based on research works on the material culture of the Avars, Dargins, Lezgins, Nogais, as well as historical and ethnographic works on the traditional heritage of other peoples of Dagestan. The methodological and theoretical basis of the work was a functional approach, supplemented by historical-genetic and comparative-historical methods and various techniques used in the scientific reconstruction of intangible heritage. The technological stages of leather processing and obtaining morocco from it are considered, tools for removing the skin and softening the skin, methods for obtaining colors (from black to red) for dyeing leather products are described, centers for the production and marketing of leather products are identified. The analysis showed that the traditional technology of leather dressing included several stages of raw material processing: salting, drying, airing, degreasing, washing, soaking in a solution, skinning, softening, bleaching, and dyeing. Flour, salt, bird droppings, lime, whey, alum, and vinegar were used for degreasing and bleaching. When staining, iron vitriol, bark and roots of trees growing in the area were used. The technology of leather dressing among the various ethnic groups of Dagestan did not have any striking features; however, the specific methods and means used for this were diverse. The recognized centers of the leather business were the Gunib and Avar regions of Dagestan. The author established that the leather craft became widespread in the mountains due to lack of land, redundancy of workers, availability of raw materials, isolation and remoteness from large shopping centers where imported leather products could be purchased. The author concludes that Dagestan craftsmen achieved the high quality of the leather produced due to the subtleties of the technological process and the use of natural components at various technological stages, which made the product competitive in the regional and all-Russian markets.

Shopping Mall Parking Lot as/is a Meeting Place: Typologies and Strategies for a New Polarity in Architectural and Landscape Design

This article presents the results of a study developed around the general theme of the future of large shopping centers in relation to the current transformations of territory and city in Italy. Specifically, the research deals with outdoor spaces, those enormous technical and service spaces strictly connected to the commercial "big-boxes". The focus of the research is therefore on the large parking areas, the roads, the manoeuvring and service areas for sales: the large asphalt slabs that surround the commercial volumes. The research starts from the specific case study of the large shopping center "Tiare" in Villesse, Gorizia (one of the largest in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region) and then extends to the development of a more general and scientifically articulated modelling. The objective was to translate the initial retrospective study (origins and development of shopping centers) and the design explorations developed in the academic sphere and through workshops on the potential of the case study into strategies, exportable to other contexts. The spaces involved are considerable, amounting to 2-3 times the sales area, i.e., parking lots of 30-40-60 hectares, the same extension of an entire town. From this it is easy to understand the importance of the architectural design on other disciplines, and the need to question "if and how" these spaces can also become something else, if they can also have a social role due the dimensional-territorial entity, and specifically, recovering the American tradition from Gruen onwards, if they can assume the role and function of a meeting place. The research allowed the identification of methodologies for the transformation of car parks into meeting points: the creation of a landmark, densification and screening. In addition, the results obtained offer possible new developments for these places that can be identified in the following macro-strategies: the re-urbanisation of peripheral commercial nodes, neural development between city and shopping centre, parallel and autonomous development of shopping malls and cities, commercial development and urban erosion.

Проветривание частично открытых автостоянок

Purpose. The article evaluates the effectiveness of the natural ventilation system of partially open car parks using numerical simulation in the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package. In large shopping centers, along with open and closed car parks, there are car parks, whose open doorways areas are comparable to the areas of enclosing structures. The study is due to the lack of requirements for smoke protection of partially open car parks in the current regulatory documents. Methods. The authors have carried out numerical simulation in the Fire Dynamics Simulator software package, which implements a field model of a fire in the room. Findings. The study has showed that the efficiency of the system with natural draft induction (with natural ventilation) and with mechanical draft induction (exhaust smoke ventilation systems) is almost the same. The combustion temperature of a car reaches 816 °С, the temperature of the combustion products drops to the level of the average value of a car park area (24 °С) at a distance of no more than 2 m. Research application field. The results of the study can be used in the development of regulatory requirements for smoke protection of partially open car parks. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed the authors to draw a number of conclusions. 1. For a partially open car park in “Mega-Khimki” shopping mall the use of natural ventilation is effective: the temperature of combustion products and the visibility distance inside the car park practically do not differ from the corresponding values outside the building. The distance from the burning car to the point where the temperature of combustion products drops to about 20 °С is no more than 9 m. 2. The distance from the burning car to the point where the temperature of the combustion products drops to about 20 °С is no more than 9 m. 3. Taking into consideration the possible variety of planning solutions and sizes of partially open car parks, it is advisable to support the requirements of current regulatory documents with calculations using a field mathematical model.

Intumescentes CIN

All over the world, there are several engineering and architectural works whose beauty and aesthetics are the result of a steel structure of modern and bold design. Either airports, large shopping centers, hospitals, schools, and skyscrapers, these are places that, due to their functionality, concentrate many people inside. However, in the event of a fire, the potential for disaster at these high-occupancy sites is worrying and frightening. In these situations, an unprotected steel structure can reach, within minutes, the critical temperature, which is usually between 350 and 750 °C, causing loss of stability and consequent collapse. Whatever the method of fire protection, the ultimate goal is to delay the time until the steel reaches its critical collapse temperature, in order to allow safe evacuation of the space.

Bacteriological Quality of Table Eggs in Moroccan Formal and Informal Sector.

Eggs constitute an important part of the Moroccan diet. However, contaminated eggs can cause a serious public health problem if consumed undercooked, uncooked, or used in unpasteurized egg foodstuffs. This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial contents of eggs according to their sales sector in Morocco. For that, a total of 1770 eggs were collected from January to September 2021 from formal markets (refrigerated eggs from large shopping centers) and informal markets (eggs at ambient temperature from ambulatory sellers, street vendors, kiosks, and neighborhood stores) and transferred to the Avian Pathology Unit at Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute. The eggshells and their contents were tested separately; swabs of eggshells were used to inoculate Mac-Conkey agar, while the egg contents were cultured on Mac-Conkey and Mannitol salt agar, then standard microbiological tests were performed to identify the isolated organisms. The results showed that informal eggs were more contaminated (87%) than formal eggs (48) (p < 0.05). The bacteria isolated from the eggshells (informal and formal) were Enterobacter agglomerans (59% and 21%), Klebsiella spp. (24% and 4%), Enterobacter cloacae (17% and 8%), E. coli (9% and 1%), Serratia spp. (9% and1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9% and 1%), Shigella spp. (5% and 0%), Salmonella enteritidis (0% and 2%), Proteus spp. (4% and 0%), Enterobacter sakazakii (2% and 0%), Rahnella aquatilis (1% and 0%), and Staphylococcus aureus (0% and 1%). For the egg-contents, the detected bacteria (informal and formal) were Enterobacter agglomerans (14% and 28%), Klebsiella spp. (7% and 6%), Staphylococcus aureus (6% and 1%), Enterobacter cloacae (4% and 4%), E. coli (4%, 1%), Shigella spp. (4%, 0%), Acinetobacter baumannii (3% and 1%), Salmonella enteritidis (2% and 0%), Serratia spp. (1% and 6%), Proteus spp. (1% and 3%), and Enterobacter sakazakii (1% and 0%). We conclude that eggs might be contaminated with several bacteria and can constitute a public health threat in Morocco.

SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF THE SILVER GENERATION IN SLOVAKIA: A CASE STUDY NITRA

The Slovak population, like the population in other European countries, is aging. The population in the older age groups is growing by increasing the average age of life. Even in old age, people are still active, they like to actively participate in social and economic activities, and they carry out various hobby activities, which preserve but also increase the quality of their personal lives. Seniors over the age of 50+, referred to as the silver generation, are important consumers of a wide range of services, including the growing retail services. These are the reasons why an increased attention needs to be paid to them. The aim of the paper is to know the shopping behavior of the silver generation in relation to the specificity of the spatial structure of retail facilities. The research was carried out in the Slovak city of Nitra. This West Slovak city is known for its history, university education facilities and currently especially the automotive industry, which has significantly contributed to improving the economic conditions of its inhabitants. The shopping types of senior respondents were obtained by questionnaires and evaluated by a comparative analysis based on a description. The results of the research show that the behavior of the current silver generation is changing in comparison to the previous one. The closest relationship between the seniors’ traditional way of shopping and the traditional mixed retail facilities in the central part of the city has not been confirmed. The statistically closest relationship between the shopping types of seniors was confirmed in the residential districts where the retail facilities consist of large shopping centers, supermarkets and hypermarkets with a concentrated offer. Senior shopping is changing significantly and is in line with modern trends. New forms of retail supply change the usual patterns of senior shopping behavior.

Spatial Heterogeneity of Public Service Facilities in the Living Circle and Its Influence on Housing Prices: A Case Study of Central Urban Dalian, China

The spatial layout of public service facilities (PSFs) markedly influences residents’ quality of life. Based on Baidu map data, spatial information on 27,552 PSFs across eight categories was collected for urban Dalian, China, and analyzed using the nearest neighbor index and nuclear density. Then, PSF accessibility across eight dimensions of residential quarters was calculated based on the cumulative opportunity method, and its impact on housing prices was analyzed. The results revealed the following: (1) The degree of spatial agglomeration for PSFs varied, with that of business facilities being higher than that of other public welfare facilities. The distribution of business facilities was characterized by a dense center and sparse periphery, whereas public welfare facilities were laid out in a relatively balanced “multi-center” distribution across the study area. (2) Significant spatial differences in the number and types of accessible resident facilities were identified. The number of accessible PSFs in the core area of central urban regions was large and the types were relatively complete, whereas the accessible PSFs in the western and northern marginal areas were limited in number, few in type, and lacking across certain categories, such as educational facilities and life services. (3) The spatial distribution of PSF accessibility was unbalanced. The accessibility of various PSFs in the Shahekou District was the highest, followed by that in the Zhongshan, Xigang, and Ganjingzi Districts. (4) The accessibility of educational, sport, and cultural facilities, and the total accessibility and greening rate of residential areas were the most significantly positively correlated with housing prices; however, the number of households in residential areas and the distances between residential areas and large shopping centers were significantly negatively correlated. Our findings will expand the research perspective of PSFs, provide a basis for meeting residents’ needs and a rational allocation of PSFs, and provide references for people’s decisions to buy houses.

Owner-based benefit evaluation of BIM applications in China's engineering projects

PurposeThis paper aims to establish a model to evaluate the benefits of building information modeling (BIM) from the owners' perspective. The model analyzes the correlation between five secondary benefit indicators and their subsystems: product, financial, organizational, management and strategic. The final key factors of BIM benefits provide a decision-making basis for owners to raise the efficiency of BIM application.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the authors combed 31 BIM-related literature and interviewed experts to identify 15 preliminary benefit indicators. The authors established a BIM benefit evaluation system based on relevant concepts, including two primary indicators, five secondary indicators and 15 tertiary indicators. Secondly, the authors analyzed the indicators by the extension theory of matter element analysis and a questionnaire survey of expert opinion. Finally, the new method was applied to a case study of a large shopping center in east China for empirical verification.FindingsA BIM benefit evaluation model, including a three-tiered hierarchy of primary, secondary and tertiary indicators, was constructed through literature review and expert opinions. The model determined the critical factors of BIM benefits, enhanced understanding of owner benefits and improved BIM application under the owners' leadership.Originality/valueAt present, most studies focus on specific project stages or benefit indicators. This study developed an integrated BIM benefit evaluation system that targets owners. The findings could foster the development of China's construction industry, promote owner-led BIM application and advocate adopting the benefit evaluation method.

Research Into Demand for Intercepting Parking in the City of Rostov-On-Don

Thousands of cars come daily to the city of Rostov-on-Don. During working hours, the city’s street-road network is congested, it’s hard to find a parking space. Quite frequently, out-of-town drivers leave private transport in parking lots of large shopping centers at the entrance to the city and then make a change to public transport. However, this creates parking difficulties for those who actually come to shopping centers. This article discusses one of the possible ways to solve this problem, namely intercepting parking. This is confirmed by the data obtained in an a priori ranking of factors on the basis of a survey covering out-of-town drivers.

A Spatial-Contextual Indoor Trajectory Prediction Approach via Hidden Markov Models

Unlike outdoor trajectory prediction that has been studied many years, predicting the movement of a large number of users in indoor space like shopping mall has just been a hot and challenging issue due to the ubiquitous emerging of mobile devices and free Wi-Fi services in shopping centers in recent years. Aimed at solving the indoor trajectory prediction problem, in this paper, a hybrid method based on Hidden Markov approach is proposed. The proposed approach clusters Wi-Fi access points according to their similarities first; then, a frequent subtrajectory based HMM which captures the moving patterns of users has been investigated. In addition, we assume that a customer’s visiting history has certain patterns; thus, we integrate trajectory prediction with shop category prediction into a unified framework which further improves the predicting ability. Comprehensive performance evaluation using a large-scale real dataset collected between September 2012 and October 2013 from over 120,000 anonymized, opt-in consumers in a large shopping center in Sydney was conducted; the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional HMM and perform well enough to be usable in practice.

A data-driven approach based on quantile regression forest to forecast cooling load for commercial buildings

• Data-driven approach based on quantile regression forest for forecasting cooling load. • Input variables selection by applying mutual information and recursive feature elimination. • Uncertainty quantification by computing Prediction Intervals (PIs). Reliable prediction of thermal load is essential for implementing an efficient and economic energy management plan in commercial buildings. While previous research has been concerned with point forecasts , in this study we focus on forecasting prediction intervals for building thermal load. Prediction Intervals (PIs) are more useful than point forecasts as they can quantify the uncertainty associated with energy consumption in the buildings and enable the market participants to exploit current energy market benefits more effectively. We present a data-driven approach for forecasting PIs for building cooling load which first uses machine learning feature selection methods to identify a small but informative set of variables. It then applies quantile regression forest as the prediction algorithm that uses the selected features as inputs to compute the upper and lower boundaries of PIs. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using real data sets from two commercial buildings: a large shopping centre and an office building. The results show that the proposed approach can generate narrow and reliable PIs while satisfying the pre-specified coverage probabilities. The approach is fast to train and significantly outperforms traditional Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) model in terms of reliability of the generated PIs.

Large shopping centres in Poznań as a source of rainwater recovery and irrigation of urban green areas

Large-scale facilities in the city cause the loss of significant amounts of rainwater,greenery and biologically active areas. Remedying this situation requires the implementationof a number of spatial planning demands. Increasing the attractiveness and spatial value ofurbanised areas state fundamental importance for meeting the needs of local communitiesin the era of predicted climate change. The study shows that appropriate management ofwater recovered from the roofs of large-scale buildings can be used to supply significantareas of urban greenery.