Large-Scale Social Restrictions Research Articles

Lived experience, social support, and challenges to health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic among HIV key populations in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the lives, health, and social well-being of people globally including presenting special challenges in low to middle income countries for people living with HIV. This study investigates the pandemic experiences of the four key HIV-positive populations in Indonesia: men who have sex with men, transgender women, female sex workers, and people who use drugs. In-depth interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 22 key population members recruited through 9 nongovernment HIV agencies in Jakarta and Bali, Indonesia. Indonesia’s Large-scale Social Restrictions Policy mandating physical distancing and stay-at-home orders had been in effect for 7–10 months at the time of the interviews. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using NVivo™ (R1.7) software. A grounded theory approach identified key concepts along with similarities, differences, and reoccurring patterns of COVID-19 lived experience among participants. Participants recounted the impact of both the pandemic and the Restriction Policy on their interpersonal, financial, medical, and psychosocial well-being. When in need, they turned to formal and informal sources of financial and social support plus their own resourcefulness. Along with other factors, HIV medication shortages, HIV and COVID-19 related stigma, and fear of acquiring COVID-19 negatively impacted their antiretroviral adherence and the use of health services. The results point to the latent consequences of government attempts to curb a pandemic through public health lockdowns and enforced policies of physical separation. Its findings reveal the importance of ensuring that public safety nets for HIV key populations are available to supplement more informal personal sources of needed support.

Domestication theory in action: Indonesian Twitter corpus analysis during distance learning

This research aims at analyzing how COVID-19 discourse in the world of education unfolds in the Indonesian Twittersphere by separating public discourse in transition periods, large-scale social restrictions (PSBB), and imposition of emergency restrictions toward community activities (PPKM) and PPKM level 1 to 4. This research used qualitative approach and employed the Domestication Theory to provide a deeper understanding of how individuals integrate technology into their everyday lives. The dataset consisting of 3,196,627 tweets from two keywords and two hashtags was collected and analyzed using corpus linguistics techniques. This study found the emergence of the five main theme groups suggests that users have tried to make sense of and adapt to this new digital learning environment, while also expressing their frustrations and concerns. This highlights the importance of understanding how users domesticate technology and incorporate it into their social and cultural practices. The practical implications of this research include the need to address not only the technical aspects of online learning but also the psychological and social well-being of students, as they navigate this new learning environment.

A Comparison of the Financial Performance of Telecommunication Companies Listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index Before and Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic

Ever since the emergence of the Covid-19 virus in Wuhan, China in 2019, individuals have been compelled to carry out a majority of their activities from the comfort of their homes. This shift, coupled with the implementation of large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) later replaced by restrictions on community activities (PPKM), has resulted in a substantial increase in online community engagements. Consequently, there has been a surge in the demand for fast internet access. This growing necessity is expected to impact the profitability of companies providing internet services, consequently affecting their overall performance. Hence, this study aims to examine the disparity in the financial performance of telecommunication companies listed on the Jakarta Islamic Index ( JII) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sampling technique employed in this research is saturated sampling, where the entire population of telecommunication companies is included, resulting in a sample size of 10 companies for the study. The paired t-test is utilized as the data analysis tool. The findings of this study indicate that there is no significant distinction in the financial performance of telecommunications companies listed on JII before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as evidenced by measurements of the Current Ratio and Net Profit Margin. Keywords: financial performance, telecommunications companies, Covid-19

Localization of Social Distancing Norm to Combat Covid -19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The purpose of this research is to explore the localization of social distancing norm in Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic has spread globally, affecting many aspects of human life. WHO, as a world health authority, encourages the implementation of social distancing norm to prevent the spread of Covid-19. However, countries around the world use various strategies to implement social distancing, such as lockdowns or social restrictions. Using Finnemore and Sikkink's norm life cycle and Amithav Acharya's norm localization, this article finds that the internalization and localization of social distancing norm in Indonesia are carried out through four efforts: determining the Covid-19 pandemic as a national disaster, forming a task force for the acceleration of Covid-19 countermeasures, and establishing social restriction policies through the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities (PPKM) policies and socializing new habits such as maintaining distance and using masks. The localization of the social distancing norm is influenced by the domestic situation and the local norm of helping each other which is implemented through various movements such as jaga tangga, 3N1, canthelan, etc.

Coping strategies and psychological distress among mothers during COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of social support.

The Indonesian government implemented a large-scale social restriction policy as part of the efforts to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. This policy impacted the population, including mothers, and caused considerable psychological distress. Individual efforts to cope (avoidant and approach coping strategies) and support from significant persons might help handle the distress experienced by mothers. The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the effect of individual coping strategies on psychological distress and the moderating role of social support among Indonesian mothers. An online survey was administered from 20th to 25th April 2020 to 1534 Indonesian mothers (Mean age 37.12 years; SD 6.63). Brief COPE (28 items), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale/DASS (18 items), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support/MSPSS (12 items) were used to measure coping strategies, psychological distress, and social support, respectively. IBM SPSS 24 software was used to analyze the data. The result showed that moderate and high levels of social support moderated the relationship between approach coping strategies and psychological distress (B = .041, CI .007-.075). When the mother uses approach coping, her psychological distress will decrease further whenever she receives moderate and high level social support. Any level of social support moderated the relationship between avoidant coping and psychological distress (B = -.100, CI -.138-.061). When mother used avoidant coping, her social support at any level served as buffer to her psychological distress. It can be concluded that mothers need to prioritize implementing approach coping strategies to lower their distress. Those who practiced avoidant coping strategies needed social support from their significant persons to decrease their distress.

The The Influence of Program Participation on The Empowerment of Sustainable Food Program Participants During The Pandemic Era

The imposition of large-scale social restrictions has an impact on decreasing participation in empowerment. On the other hand, participation is one of the principles of empowerment. The application of this principle will consequently make the community empowered. Through these stages of empowerment, the community can get out of its powerless condition. If empowerment is realized, the program deserves to be called an empowerment program. This study aims to analyze the influence of program participation on empowerment. The study used the census method on 35 respondents and was supported by qualitative data. Based on the research results, program participation in the planning stage has a positive influence on power within, power to, and power with. Program participation in the decision-making stage has a positive influence on power over. Program participation in the implementation phase has a positive influence on power within, power to, and power with. Monitoring and evaluation have a positive influence on power. Program participation in the outcome utilization stage has a positive influence on power within and power to.

EXPLORING PROSPECTS OF WEB-PUBLISHED ACADEMIC ENGLISH COURSEBOOK FOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR STUDENTS

This study explores opportunities for web-published academic English coursebook to be applied as primary learning resource for non-English major students in Indonesia. Large scale social restriction due to Covid-19 pandemic that disallows regular face to face meeting to be conducted and the fact that English coursebook has not been developed yet at locus of the study lead the authors to set this phenomenon as important and urgent. The data were gathered from a total of 68 non-English major students at a state university in Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Data were obtained through interview, observation, and document analysis. This publication entails on (1) the perceived importance and the urgency of academic English coursebook; (2) participants’ internet self-efficacy; and (3) participants’ perception on faculty readiness in terms of infrastructures. This study contributes to English as a foreign/second language domain that it sheds light on how to begin the design and development of web-oriented academic English coursebook for non-English major students.

APPLICATION FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT BY WORKERS / LABORERS BECAUSE THEY ARE LAID OFF WITHOUT WAGES MORE FROM MOON

Government in November 2020 passed Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, then in February 2021 the Government stipulated implementing regulations from Law Number 11 of 2020, namely Government Regulation Number 35 of 2021 concerning Certain Time Work Agreements, Outsourcing, Working Time, and Rest Time, and Termination of Employment. On March 11, 2020, the world health organization World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a Global Pandemic, and on April 13, 2020, the Government of Indonesia issued a Presidential Decree of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2020 concerning the Determination of Non-Natural Disasters for the Spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) as National Disasters. People infected with the Covid-19 outbreak every day continue to increase, as well as the number of deaths due to the Covid-19 outbreak continues to grow. The Central Government and the Dareah Government issued policies to prevent and overcome the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak, namely by implementing Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM). With the existence of PSBB and PPKM by the Government, several sectors, especially the accommodation provision sector, tourism business, food and beverage business, real estate, and construction, have experienced a direct impact as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and the existence of PSBB and PPKM. The tourism sector, especially hotels, has experienced a decrease in income due to the lack of guests staying, forcing employers to lay off their workers/workers without providing wages to reduce expenses and save company finances. This thesis research analyzes the impact arising from workers/workers being laid off without being given wages and legal considerations on the decision of the Industrial Relations Court at the Central Jakarta District Court with case number: 398 / Pdt. Sus PHI / 2021 / PN. JKT. PST. The purpose of this decision analysis is to find out the Request for Termination of Employment (PHK) by Workers / Workers because they were laid off for more than three months without wages based on Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation.

Law Enforcement During the Implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in The Covid-19 Era: A Legal Perspective

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of sanctions during the implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions in Makassar City and also to find out the factors that influence the application of sanctions during the implementation of large-scale social restrictions in the city of Makassar. this research uses empirical legal research methods, namely to analyze the law seen as patterned community behavior in the lives of people who always interact and relate in societal aspects. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of the application of sanctions during the implementation of PSBB in the city of Makassar, this has several obstacles in the results to find violators during the implementation of PSBB in the city of Makassar where there are some people who are still indifferent to the application of health protocols and regulations set by the government regarding the application of large-scale social restrictions in the city of Makassar. Factors affecting the application of large-scale social restrictions in Makassar City such as the existence of people who do not comply with the application of health protocols enforced during large-scale social restrictions appealed to by the government and the task force on the road which results in an increase in the spread of Covid-19, and there are people who do not believe covid is a deadly disease so they do not comply with the regulations enforced during large-scale social restrictions appealed to by the government. Assertiveness in prosecuting an act that results in a violation either that does not comply with the implementation of health protocols or regulations that have been appealed to by the Makassar government on the implementation of large-scale social restrictions.

Peran Pemerintah dalam Pemberdayaan Pasar Setelah Covid-19 Guna Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di MMTC Kota Medan

This research aims to determine the role of the government in post-Covid-19 market empowerment to improve community welfare in Mmtc Medan City. This research uses a qualitative approach research design with descriptive methods. The subjects in this research were UMKM bouquet sellers and cleaners at the MMTC Market. Data was collected using documentation, observation and interview methods. The analysis stages were carried out deductively with a focus on effectiveness theory as the basis for the analysis. The research results highlight the significant impact on MMTC Market MSMEs. Decreasing turnover and difficulty accessing capital are the main challenges. The government responded with various policies, including the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) program and a Circular from the Minister of Trade.

Implementation of Online Dispute Resolution Sharia Arbitration in the New Normal Era (Basyarnas-Indonesia)

Changes in behavior to continue carrying out normal activities or continuing habits that were previously carried out during the implementation of regional quarantine or large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) are the post-Covid 19 new normal era. This also affects behavior in the world of justice, especially trials that are carried out simply and quickly. This research will also discuss the use of online dispute resolution (ODR) that can be applied in Sharia economic dispute cases at Basyarnas, and understanding in terms of examinations based on electronic evidence other than written evidence. Also for the sake of caution that must be examined regarding physical evidence in court so that this evidence gains strength and validity according to the law as an update in court administration to overcome obstacles in the process of conducting an effective and efficient trial. The nature of this research is an analytical perspective and modernly the Supreme Court with Permanya Number 1 of 2019 regarding trials in court electronically implemented for the sake of legal certainty. So dispute resolution is non-litigation in the muamalah field. Though Sharia Arbitration, can be done by ODR.
 Keywords: implementation, Sharia arbitration, ODR

Marketing communication for temple tourism destinations: from the perspective of post-COVID-19 pandemic visitors

The spread of Corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has had a negative impact on the tourism industry and the creative economy in Indonesia. Since February 2020 the number of foreign visitors coming to Indonesia has decreased. This also has an impact on state revenue in the tourism sector. Coupled with the existence of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the closure of access to and out of Indonesia, it has also caused a decrease in state revenue in the tourism sector. The purpose of this research is to find out the marketing communication of temple tourism destinations after the COVID-19 pandemic from a visitor perspective. This research is a research with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interviewing visitors to temple tourism destinations (Prambanan Temple and Ratu Boko Temple). The conclusion from this research is that post-COVID-19 pandemic marketing communications for temple tourism destinations from the visitor's point of view have not been fully implemented. Because based on visitors, word of mouth is the strongest factor for visitors visiting temple tourist destinations.

Assessing Urban Land Surface Temperature Fluctuations Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Study of Bandar Lampung City

Community activities before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic have undergone significant changes. This is due to the limitation and exemption of activities set by the government which can also result in changes in surface temperature. Physical separation from the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) has led to a decrease in communal activities like traffic and the industrial sector, which has a policy of allowing most employees to work from home. This study intends to examine variations in Bandar Lampung surface temperature that took place in 2020, 2021, and. Identifying surface temperature using remote sensing technology, including Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 images. Both of these images have advantages with a large number of bands, especially the presence of a Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) wavelength which has a sensitivity to detect temperature. Utilization of this wavelength can distinguish parts of the earth's surface that have a hotter temperature than the surrounding area. The land surface temperature (LST) approach can be used to determine the dynamics of surface temperature variations before, during, and after the Covid-19 epidemic. Image processing and analysis are done using Google Earth Engine. The results of the analysis of surface temperatures before Covid, the image recording time in 2020 has a value range of 13oC - 32oC, during the occurrence of Covid, the 2021 recording time has a value range of 3oC - 33oC, while after Covid, the 2022 recording time has a value range of 18oC - 32oC.Keywords: Covid-19, Landsat 8, Landsat 9, LST

Exchange Rate Responses and Volatility Spillover Effects during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

This paper aims to assess the impact of the confirmed COVID-19 cases, the timing of the outbreak, and physical measures on the returns and spillover effects of exchange rate in Indonesia. The model will be tested by the exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (EGARCH) process and the spillover volatility index. The study discovers that the confirmed cases, outbreak news, and the implementation of large-scale social restrictions simultaneously contribute to a leverage effect on the volatility of a direct quote of Indonesian Rupiah to Australian Dollar, Euro, US Dollar, Singapore Dollar, and Great British Pound. To a certain extent, the heatwave as well as the meteor-shower effects as a result of clustering events and intense spillover effects in the currency market of Indonesia are observed.

Fenomena kepatuhan pajak sistem self assessment selama pandemi COVID-19 di UPPPD Kecamatan Taman Sari

The implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions as known as PSBB by the Central Government and the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta during the Covid-19 Pandemic finally brought a very bad risk, especially the entertainment industry in Jakarta. This study aims to find out how the attitude of the tax authorities in collecting entertainment taxes during the Covid-19 pandemic. The location of the research was carried out at the Regional Tax Collection Service Unit, Taman Sari District. This research is a qualitative research using a phenomenological approach. The phenomenological approach was chosen to find out the experience and point of view of the tax authorities in dealing with the entertainment industry organizers. The results show that the persuasive approach is one of the alternative efforts in maximizing tax revenue with a self-assessment system such as the entertainment tax during the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition, tax policies in the form of stimulus such as relaxation of payments and reduction of tax sanctions are also needed so that taxpayers are willing to pay taxes due and tax arrears.

Implementation of COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle (PHL) among Administration Staff and its association with Health Consciousness and Occupational Factors: A Cross Sectional Study in Faculty Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the pattern of human life toward a new life order,particularly in the office setting. Appeals, prohibitions, even large-scale social restrictions were implemented in order to decrease the cases. To cope with the rapid spread of the outbreak, citizens have to increase health consciousness and reduce their social interactions. The health consciousness require health protocols implementation. Ensuring high levels of compliance and several modifiable occupational risk factors in the office setting has been a challenge to manage the pandemic effectively.
 Methods: The research method used in this study is empirical research, by taking a problem-based approach to a behavioral approach namely health consciousness supported by primary data sourced from data sources. The data were obtained in October to November 2021.
 Results: When taken as a whole, the implementation of health protocols as part of the effort to prevent the spread of COVID-19 was relatively good; it's just that certain obstacles must be evaluated. The highest health consciousness scores were personal responsibility and health motivation. While the lowest of it were the psychological/inner state aspect and the health information and seeking usage. There was a positive correlation between the dimensions of health consciousness and several items of COVID-19 PHL (r > 0.3). The ease of applying COVID-19 PHL was significantly better for shift workers compared to non-shift workers, namely to severalitems of PHL. Based on the work pattern groups (WFH < 20 hours, WFH 20-40 hours and WFH > 40 hours, alternate to Work From Office (WFO)), there were no significance difference in the ease of implementation COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle.
 Conclusion: Our results suggest that to effectively manage the pandemic, we should ensure that health consciousness is well-maintained, especially aspects of health information and seeking usage and psychological/inner state. 
 Keywords: health consciousness, COVID-19 Preventive Healthy Lifestyle (PHL) at the workplace, shift work, work patterns during pandemic

The important issue of awareness of disaster response to the COVID-19

This study aimed to analyze the community's disaster response awareness during the Covid-19 pandemic during the implementation of The Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) in Gresik. Self-awareness was observed using Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luck man's Social Construction Theory through a dialectical process of internalization, objectification, and externalization. The results showed that there had been no good awareness in efforts to prevent the spread of Covid-19 in Gresik. Socially, the community had not taken the dangers of Covid-19 seriously. There was also an inconsistency between knowledge and reality related to disaster response. In coping with the dialectical process, the community had not implemented a disaster-aware culture by obeying the existing regulations. At least, the sociocultural environment determined a person's construction for self-identification, interaction, and adjustment to the social changes that occurred. Hence, the sociocultural construction of the community had never made the disease outbreak a serious problem and considered it as well as God's reminder even though infected cases continued to increase. A situation was indeed difficult for the Task Force to succeed in the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) to Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement (CARE) suppressed the increase of Covid-19 positive cases in Gresik, Indonesia. This research sees that the government's policies in handling Covid- 19 are not enough, it needs more optimal involvement of community and religious leaders, to provide education on the importance of maintaining health protocols and building self-awareness of the dangers of Covid.

Eksplorasi Pengaruh Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Diagnostic Delay Dan Treatment Delay Pada Pasien Kanker Payudara

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on health services for breast cancer patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were new government regulations, namely PSBB or large-scale social restrictions. During the PSBB, activities in public facilities are limited to only urgent interests. Therefore, breast cancer patients have difficulties during examination and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The obstacles for breast cancer patients are difficulties in mobilizing to the hospital, health protocol regulations such as maintaining distance, discomfort when wearing masks and swabs before treatment, the emergence of fear and anxiety, expensive transportation costs during examination and treatment, and psychological disorders. So the impact is delay in examination (diagnostic delay) and delay in treatment (treatment delay) of breast cancer patients. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with an in-depth interview approach that is guided by semi-structured questions and triangulates the perspectives of patients, patients' families, and health workers. The study was conducted from November 2021 to August 2022. The sample used was 27 respondents by purposive sampling. Analysis using condensed text system. There are breast cancer patients who express fear of seeking treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increasing number of pandemic cases and the stigma of being "covided". However, there are patients who express that they are not afraid to seek treatment during the pandemic because they have an optimistic and strong faith. Patients have problems seeking treatment during the pandemic due swab before treatment, feeling uncomfortable when wearing a mask, and transportation costs constraints. Patients experience diagnostic and treatment delays during the pandemic due to fear of being infected with the corona virus, lack of knowledge about symptoms and treatment of breast cancer, belief in alternative medicine, shyness to carry out initial examinations, fear of medical action, and queue lists. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there are internal and external factors that influence the COVID-19 pandemic on diagnostic delay and treatment delay in breast cancer patients

Analisis Persiapan Yang Kurang Maksimal Pada Virtual Charity Concert

This research discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the preparation and implementation of Virtual Charity Concerts in Indonesia. Despite the rapid progress of music development in Indonesia, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a change in the format of music performances. The government imposed Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in March 2020, turning music events virtual. This research focuses on the Virtual Charity Concert organized by the Student Association of the Social Welfare Study Program of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. The analysis uses a dynamic system approach and Anylogic simulation to overcome constraints in supply chain management (SCM). The results showed delays in the delivery of stage equipment due to obstacles such as traffic jams and bad weather. Through literature studies, interviews, and simulations, the research came up with the best scenario by organizing early vendor departures and improving the efficiency of event preparation. This research concludes that the application of a dynamic system model helped improve the planning of the Virtual Charity Concert event amidst the challenges of the pandemic, creating a more effective and on-schedule event lineup. This research contributes to the understanding of virtual event management in the era of social distancing, providing insights in dealing with the uncertainty of the pandemic impact.

Pelaksanaan Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan Dalam Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Pada PT Semen Padang

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become an obligation for every company in the form of a Limited Liability Company which in the process uses Natural Resources in Indonesia, this is regulated in Article 74 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and Government Regulation Number 47 of 2012 concerning Social and Environmental Responsibility of Limited Liability Companies, but during the COVID-19 Pandemic with the existence of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) for industries and offices referring to Article 4 of Government Regulation Number 21 of 2020, the implementation of CSR for PT Semen Padang was not carried out properly. Based on Presidential Instruction Number 4 of 2020 concerning Refocusing Activities, Budget Reallocation, and Procurement of Goods and Services in the Context of Accelerating the Handling of Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19), states that the use of existing budgets for activities that accelerate the handling of COVID-19. This resulted in the planning of CSR activities in the Company's Activity Budget Plan (RKAP) which had been approved through the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) experiencing changes. Based on this, the problem formulation in this study explains how the Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic at PT Semen Padang, as well as knowing what obstacles there are in its implementation. The research method used is empirical legal research. The implementation of PT Semen Padang's CSR activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic, which is guided by the Regulation of the Minister of State-Owned Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia number PER-05 / MBU / 04/2021, focuses its activities on providing assistance to the community from previously more in carrying out community empowerment activities directly in the field, while the obstacles experienced come from the budget, PSBB regulations and community dependence