Large-scale Field Trials Research Articles

Endophytic Bacteria Improve Bio- and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals

Currently, the problem of heavy metal pollution in China is becoming increasingly serious, which poses grave threats to the environment and human health. Owing to the non-biodegradability and toxicity of heavy metals, a more sustainable and ecological approach to remediate heavy metal pollution has always been a focus of attention for environmental researchers. In recent years, many scientists have found that phytoremediation aided by endophytes has high potential to remediate heavy metals owing to its low cost, effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and sustainability compared with physical and chemical methods. Indeed, the mechanism of interaction between endophytes, plants, and heavy metals in the soil is pivotal for plants to tolerate metal toxicity and thrive. In this review, we focus on the mechanism of how endophytic bacteria resist heavy metals, and the direct and indirect mechanisms employed by endophytic bacteria to promote the growth of plants and enhance phytoextraction and phytostabilization. Moreover, we also discuss the application of combinations of endophytic bacteria and plants that have been used to remediate heavy metal pollution. Finally, it is pointed out that although there have been many studies on phytoremediation systems that have been assisted by endophytes, large-scale field trials are important to deliver “real” results to evaluate and improve phytoremediation assisted with microorganisms in polluted natural environments.

Pengembangan buku ajar pembuatan kemeja pria dan efektivitasnya bagi siswa kelas XI Tata Busana SMK di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Background: Textbooks are essential in facilitating independent and structured learning for students, supporting teachers in delivering curriculum-aligned material, and ensuring vocational high school students gain relevant industry skills for effective knowledge transfer and achievement of learning objectives. Purpose: This study aims to produce textbooks for making men's shirts that are worthy of being used as instructional materials and to know the effectiveness of using textbooks for students of class XI at SMK Negeri Gunungkidul District. Method: This study is research and development (R&D) with reference to the Borg and Gall development model, namely:1) Conducting product analysis, 2) Developing initial products, 3) Expert validation and revision, 4) Small-scale field trials and product revisions, 5) large scale field trials and final products. The product trial design consists of media experts and material experts, as well as field trials. Data collection techniques are, observation, questionnaires and tests. The feasibility test of teaching books was analyzed using descriptive analysis. Whereas to test the effectiveness of textbooks, data were analyzed using the t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that textbooks for making men's shirts were categorized as feasible, with the assessment of media experts getting an average score of 4.6 and based on the assessment of material experts, they got an average score of 4.28. The resulting textbook is effective to be used for students of Class XI Fashion Design at SMK N 1 Saptosari, as evidenced by the average pretest value of 64.12 increasing in the posttest of 83.21, the result of tcount ≥ t table (22.028≥ 1.696).

Coupled filtration–consolidation model for vacuum-preloaded soft ground

The widespread utilisation of vacuum-assisted prefabricated vertical drains for managing clayey soft ground has led to the development of numerous consolidation models. However, these models have limitations when describing the filtration behaviour of soil under conditions of high water content, without the formation of a particle network. To address this issue effectively, in this work, based on the compressional rheology theory, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model incorporating the compressive yield stress Py(ϕ) and a hindered setting factor r(ϕ) was developed to couple the filtration and consolidation of soil under vacuum preloading. A novel approach for determining the unified ϕ–Py–r relationships was introduced. The equation governing such fluid/solid and solid/solid interactions was solved using the alternative direction implicit method, and the numerical solutions were validated against the one-dimensional filtration cases, three-dimensional laboratory model tests and large-scale field trials. Further parametric analysis suggests that the radius of the representative unit and r(ϕ) exclusively affect the dewatering rate of the clayey slurry, while the gel point and Py(ϕ) influence both the dewatering rate and the final deformation.

Integrative Learning Model in Pediatric and Sorches on Athletics Materials with Science Education Biology Materials for Junior High School Students

This research aims to produce an integrative learning model for junior high school students that is suitable for use. The integrative learning model is expected to be used by physical education teachers in teaching and learning activities. This development research was carried out by adapting the following research steps: data collection, analysis of the information collected, development of initial product draft, expert validation and revision, small-scale trials and revisions, large-scale field trials and revisions, and final product creation. A small-scale trial was carried out on 25 students of SMP Negeri 1 Samarinda. Large-scale trials were carried out on 31 students of SMP Negeri 2 Samarinda, SMP Negeri 3 Samarinda, and SMP Negeri 4 Samarinda. Data collection instruments are interview guides, field notes, validation value scales, teacher participation, student responses, performance tests and knowledge tests. Data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this research are in the form of a guidebook containing syntax (steps), assessment forms, 6 integrative games, and plans for implementing appropriate and effective learning.

Large-Scale Field Trials of an Eimeria Vaccine Induce Positive Effects on the Production Index of Broilers.

Live coccidiosis vaccines have mainly been used to reduce Eimeria species infection, which is considered the most economically important disease in the poultry industry. Evaluation data on vaccine effectiveness through large-scale field experiments are lacking, especially in broilers. Thus, the effectiveness of a commercial coccidiosis vaccine was evaluated in approximately 900,000 chicks reared on three open-broiler farms where coccidiosis is prevalent. The vaccine's effectiveness after vaccination of 1-day-old chicks was monitored using three parameters (lesion score, fecal oocyst shedding, and production index, PI) in nine trials performed three times on each farm. Lesion scores were confirmed in three different areas of the intestine because the vaccine contained four Eimeria species. The average lesion scores were 0.36 to 0.64 in the duodenal region, 0.30 to 0.39 in the jejuno-ileal region, and 0.18 to 0.39 in the cecal region. The average fecal oocyst shedding rate ranged from 19,766 to 100,100 oocysts per gram, showing large variations depending on farms and buildings within the farm. Compared with the PI of the previous 9-10 trials on each farm, the PI increased by 2.45 to 23.55. Because of the potential for perturbation of the fecal microbiota by live coccidiosis vaccines, the fecal microbiota was investigated using 16S rRNA microbial profiling. Although the β-diversity was significantly different in distribution and relative abundance among farms (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F = 4.863, p = 0.009), a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis found no significant bacterial invasion of the epithelial cell pathway across farms. This large-scale field trial of a live Eimeria vaccine indicates that coccidiosis vaccines can have meaningful effects on the poultry industry and could be used as an alternative to the prophylactic use of anticoccidial drugs under field conditions.

Development of Predict Observe Explain Based Flat Side Building Worksheets to Improve Students' Mathematical Representation Skills

Purpose of the study: This research aims to knowing student and teacher responses to Predict Observe Explain based worksheets to develop students' mathematical representation abilities. Methodology: The type of research that will be used is research and development (R&D). In this research, the 4D device development research method (Four D Model) was used as a research and development procedure. The data collection technique in research on developing student work sheets uses a questionnaire. The data collection instrument used in this research is the product trial instrument. Data obtained through trial instruments were analyzed using qualitative descriptive statistics. Main Findings: Based on the results of questionnaire data on student responses in the small-scale and large-scale field trials, the mathematical media developed in the criteria for interpreting attractiveness, it is very interesting as a source of learning material and is suitable for use. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study found that the Predict Observe Explain -based flat-sided geometric worksheet is suitable for use in improving students' mathematical representation skills and getting a positive response from students and teachers. This research contributes to the development of innovative and effective learning tools in the context of mathematics learning.

Reduction of Colorado potato beetle damage by various organic mulches

IntroductionThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) is a major threat to potato crops in Europe, Asia, and America. In Europe, it is expected that climate change will cause the species to expand its range northwards and allow for an additional generation per year in regions where it is already established. The effectiveness of insecticides, a common method of control, is decreasing due to the emergence of resistance to several substances. Therefore, research into alternative measures is becoming increasingly necessary. One preventive measure that has already been shown to have great effects in past studies is the use of organic mulch. For organic mulching, conserved or freshly cut plant material is spread on the field usually when the potato emerges. Previous research has mainly used cereal straw for this purpose in plots that are relatively small compared to actual agricultural fields. Materials and methodsTo address the lack of large-scale field trials in the literature, a series of on-station and on-farm field trials were conducted in this study. Organic, legume-rich mulches were used primarily, which so far have not been extensively investigated. Over a period of four years and in a total of six field trials, CPB and larval infestations were assessed. Results and discussionOur results show effects on the initial infestation of young plants by adult CPB and on the emergence time of the first two larval stages. By the time of flowering, when the feeding effect of CPB on yield is known to be greatest, L3 and L4 larvae were reduced by about 30% in the on-station trials and by about 40% in the on-farm trials. In addition, when CPB larval stages were used to calculate a weighted daily leaf consumption per stage, total calculated leaf consumption was on average about 40% lower in the mulch treatments across all sampling dates and all trials. The recorded yields were equal or higher in the mulched treatments. In conclusion, organic mulching can effectively reduce CPB damage even on a large scale and can have a positive impact on yield. Further agronomic benefits of mulching, as well as drawbacks and putative mechanisms of action, are discussed.

Maize smart-canopy architecture enhances yield at high densities.

Increasing planting density is a key strategy for enhancing maize yields1-3. An ideotype for dense planting requires a 'smart canopy' with leaf angles at different canopy layers differentially optimized to maximize light interception and photosynthesis4-6, among other features. Here we identified leaf angle architecture of smart canopy 1 (lac1), a natural mutant with upright upper leaves, less erect middle leaves and relatively flat lower leaves. lac1 has improved photosynthetic capacity and attenuated responses to shadeunder dense planting. lac1 encodes a brassinosteroid C-22 hydroxylase that predominantly regulates upper leaf angle. Phytochrome A photoreceptors accumulate in shade and interact with the transcription factor RAVL1 to promote its degradation via the 26S proteasome, thereby inhibiting activation of lac1 by RAVL1 and decreasing brassinosteroid levels. This ultimately decreases upper leaf angle in dense fields. Large-scale field trials demonstrate that lac1 boosts maize yields under high planting densities. To quickly introduce lac1 into breeding germplasm, we transformed a haploid inducer and recovered homozygous lac1 edits from 20 diverse inbred lines. The tested doubled haploids uniformly acquired smart-canopy-like plant architecture. We provide an important target and an accelerated strategy for developing high-density-tolerant cultivars, with lac1 serving as a genetic chassis for further engineering of a smart canopy in maize.

Prospects of indigenous fungi as novel biological control agents of thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, 1895) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in vivo

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important horticultural crop in Kenya. Its production is constrained by many factors, among them arthropod pests and diseases. In response, farmers rely on synthetic pesticides, which lead to contamination of the produce, pest resistance and pollution of the environment hence there is need to identify safer, affordable alternatives. Biological control is considered safe, self-sustaining and cost effective. This study was aimed at determining the effectiveness of indigenous fungi in managing Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis on tomato. Efficacy trials were conducted in farmer’s fields in Bungoma County, Kenya between March and November 2018. Treatments included fungal isolates Trichoderma harzianum, Gliocladium virens, Verticillium spp., Paeciliomyces victoriae and Fusarium oxysporum selected after in vitro screening. These were compared to commercial fungus Beauveria basssiana, a synthetic pesticide imidacloprid and untreated control. Treatments were replicated four times, arranged in a randomized complete block design. Data collected on population of thrips and the yield of tomatoes were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Means were separated using Student Newman-Keuls (SNK) test at p≤0.05. In the first season at Bukonoi, F. oxysporum significantly (p<0.05) recorded the least (38.1) mean number of thrips compared to the untreated control (89.2). At Cheptais, F. oxysporum and T. harzianum treated plots significantly (p<0.05) recorded the least mean number of thrips of 48.1 and 20.5 in the first and second season, respectively. Higher yields of 4.9 t ha-1 and 29.5 t ha-1 were obtained from plots treated with T. harzianum in the first and second season, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrated that F. oxysporum and T. harzianum have the potential to be developed as fungal biopesticides for management of thrips on tomato crop. However, large scale field trials are warranted to validate the effectiveness of these fungal isolates. Key words: Biopesticides, Frankliniella occidentalis, Fusarium oxysporum, Solanum lycopersicum, Trichoderma harzianum.

Management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infesting turmeric (Curcuma longa) under coconut (Cocos nucifera) cropping system

Field experiments were conducted during 2018–19, 2019–20 and 2020–21 at ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, Kerala for assessment of biocontrol fungi for the management of root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita damaging turmeric (Cucuma longa L.) (cv. IISR-Prathibha) under coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) cropping system. Treatments included talc-based formulations of Trichoderma harzianum (ICAR- Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Kerala and ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kerala isolates) and Pochonia chlamydosporia (ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kerala isolate), neem cake, marigold and carbosulfan 25 ec (standard check). Talc-based formulations were applied at 50 g/bed, neem cake @1 kg/bed at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, marigold @30 plants/bed compared with untreated and standard check carbosulfan 25 ec @5 litre/bed at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon against M. incognita. Maximum reduction of RKN in the soil, as well as root, was achieved by either P. chlamydosporia (74 and 86%, respectively) or carbosulfan (67 and 87%, respectively) over the control. A number of the tillers (3.75/plant) for P. chlamydosporia and (3.23/ plant) for carbosulfan were recorded more in comparison to control (1.42/plant). The findings demonstrated that P. chlamydosporia (ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research) is a promising alternative to synthetic nematicides for the management of M. incognita due to its high antagonistic and good plant growth promotion activities. However, large scale field trials on these promising fungal biocontrol agents can be considered for evaluation in relation to the management of RKN under field conditions for confirmation.

Sustainable solutions for railway using recycled rubber

This paper introduces four innovative applications of waste rubber from scrapped tyres or conveyor belts in railway tracks. They include (a) a synthetic energy-absorbing layer of coalwash, steel furnace slag and rubber crumbs (SFS + CW + RC) for railway subballast, (b) a rubber inter-mixed ballast system (RIBS), (c) energy-absorbing rubber geogrids, and (d) a hybrid track incorporating tyre cells and elements of off-the-road truck tyres. Comprehensive laboratory and field tests have been conducted to investigate the geotechnical properties of these applications. Specifically, an empirical model was developed to predict the permanent deformation response of SFS + CW + RC mixtures that incorporate the effect of granular rubber and axial loads based on cyclic triaxial tests. Large-scale triaxial tests and field trials proved that RIBS exhibited improved energy-absorbing properties, sufficient shear strength and the promising ability to mitigate ballast breakage and stress distribution. A rubber geogrid with an optimal rib thickness of 10.6 mm was selected based on drop-hammer impact tests. The performance of the hybrid track was investigated using the National Testing Facility for High-speed Rail (NTFHR), from which it was found that the reinforced track had significantly less settlement, lateral deformation and ballast breakage than the traditional track.

Sustainable Performance of Recycled Rubber and Mining Waste Utilized for Efficient Rail Infrastructure

AbstractUtilizing waste byproducts from mining industries and recycled rubber as alternate materials in railway tracks promotes sustainability of transportation infrastructure, while also increasing track longevity by reducing ballast degradation. This paper provides an overview of two such applications including (i) rubber-intermixed ballast stratum (RIBS) by replacing 10% ballast aggregates with granulated rubber particles with the particle sizes carefully selected according to Australian Standards, (ii) synthetic energy absorbing layer using a mixture of steel furnace slag, coal wash and rubber crumbs to replace traditional capping layer. These materials when tested using large-scale triaxial apparatus and field trials proved that tracks with waste materials performed better than the conventional ballasted tracks by reducing ballast breakage and exploiting the higher damping potential of these materials. Though the vertical deformations of the track slightly increased by using these materials albeit within the specified standards, the overall stability improved by reduced dilation and track vibrations. Increasing the life of ballast layer can lead to long-term cost benefits by saving millions of dollars in track maintenance and provide environment benefits through minimizing quarrying of natural rock aggregates and reducing the carbon footprint of mining industries.

Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review.

Uterine disease in cattle impairs reproductive performance and profitability and increases antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, probiotics offer a promising alternative therapy. This review presents conceptual findings on the efficacy of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and fertility in cows. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. individually or as composite formulations are known to improve fertility. Strategic intravaginal administration of these formulations would likely enhance uterine immunity, particularly during the postpartum period. While current findings on the benefits to uterine health are encouraging, there is still significant knowledge missing, including a lack of empirical information from large-scale field trials. This review underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines for probiotics, such as genomic selection of formulations, targeted delivery, or potential synergy with other interventions. Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.

Organic farming practices in rainfed lowland rice in hill zone of Karnataka, India

A large-scale field trial was conducted at Agricultural Research Station (Paddy), Sirsi of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi, Karnataka, India, during 2004–15 on a fixed site, to study the effect of different organic farming practices on productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under inorganic and integrated nutrient-management practices. The trial consisted of 5 treatments, viz. T1 , Organic [75% N through organic manures + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T2, organic [100% N through organic manure + 100% organic plant protection (PP) measures]; T3 , integrated nutrient management [50% N through organic manures + 50% RDF + integrated PP measures]; T4 , inorganic treatment [recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) alone + inorganic PP measures]; and T5 , recommended practice (RDF + FYM 10 t/ha + integrated PP measures). The rice variety ‘Abilash’ was grown during the rainy (kharif) season with these treatments. At the end of 12th year, i.e. during 2015, the grain yield recorded in treatment T2 (6.418 t/ha) was the maximum and was found on a par with T5 (6.328 t/ha). How-ever, the straw yield was the maximum in T5 (7.577 t/ha), being at par with T2 (7.494 t/ha). The net returns realized were significantly highest with treatment T2 (`41,045/ha) compared to all the other treatments. The soil organic carbon (0.77%), available major (221.2, 22.0 and 67.0 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively) and micro-nutrients (515.5, 100.8, 5.6 ppm of calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively and 7.6 kg/ha of sulphur) were also higher with treatment T2 .

Efficacy of Wolbachia-mediated sterility to reduce the incidence of dengue: a synthetic control study in Singapore

Due to the absence of available therapeutics and good vaccines, vector control solutions are needed to mitigate the spread of dengue. Matings between male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wAlbB strain of Wolbachia and wildtype females yield non-viable eggs. We evaluated the efficacy of releasing wAlbB-infected Aaegypti male mosquitoes to suppress dengue incidence. In this synthetic control study, we conducted large-scale field trials in Singapore involving release of wAlbB-infected Aaegypti male mosquitoes for dengue control via vector population suppression, from epidemiological week (EW) 27, 2018, to EW 26, 2022. We selected two large towns (Yishun and Tampines) to adopt an expanding release strategy and two smaller towns (Bukit Batok and Choa Chu Kang) to adopt a targeted-release approach. Releases wereconducted two times a week in high-rise public housing estates. All intervention and control locations practised the same baseline dengue control protocol. The main outcome was weekly dengue incidence rate caused by any denguevirus serotype. We used incidence data collected by the Singapore Ministry of Health to assess the efficacy of theinterventions. To compare interventions, we used the synthetic control method to generate appropriate counterfactuals for the intervention towns using a weighted combination of 30 control towns between EW 1, 2014 and EW 26,2022. Our study comprised an at-risk population of 607 872 individuals living in intervention sites and 3 894 544 individuals living in control sites. Interventions demonstrated up to 77·28% (121/156, 95% CI 75·81-78·58) intervention efficacy despite incomplete coverage across all towns until EW 26, 2022. Intervention efficacies increased as release coverage increased across all intervention sites. Releases led to 2242 (95% CI 2092-2391) fewer cases per 100 000 people in intervention sites during the study period. Secondary analysis showed that these intervention effects were replicated across all age groups and both sexes for intervention sites. Our results demonstrated the potential of Wolbachia-mediated incompatible insect technique for strengthening dengue control in tropical cities, where dengue burden is the greatest. Singapore Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Sustainability, and the National Environment Agency, and the Singapore National Robotics Program.

Protective efficacy and safety of radiation-attenuated and chemo-attenuated Plasmodium Falciparum sporozoite vaccines against controlled and natural malaria infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Despite the significant burden of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and the licensure of two vaccines for use in infants and young children that are partially effective in preventing clinical malaria caused by Pf, a highly effective vaccine against Pf infection is still lacking. Live attenuated vaccines using Pf sporozoites as the immunogen (PfSPZ Vaccines) hold promise for addressing this gap. Here we review the safety and efficacy of two of the most promising PfSPZ approaches: PfSPZ Vaccine (radiation attenuated PfSPZ) and PfSPZ-CVac (chemo-attenuated PfSPZ). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis by searching PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, and WOS until 22nd December 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of these two vaccine approaches that measured protection against parasitaemia following controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in malaria-naive and malaria-exposed adults or following exposure to naturally transmitted Pf malaria in African adults and children (primary outcome) and that also measured the incidence of solicited and unsolicited adverse events as indicators of safety and tolerability after vaccination (secondary outcome). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that measured the detected parasitaemia after vaccination (primary outcome) and the incidence of various solicited and unsolicited adverse events (secondary outcome). The quality of the included RCTs using the Cochrane ROB 1 tool and the quality of evidence using the GRADE system were evaluated. We pooled dichotomous data using the risk ratio (RR) for development of parasitemia in vaccinees relative to controls as a measure of vaccine efficacy (VE), including the corresponding confidence interval (CI). This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022308057). We included 19 RCTs. Pooled RR favoured PfSPZ Vaccine (RR: 0.65 with 95% CI [0.53, 0.79], P = 0.0001) and PfSPZ-table (RR: 0.42 with 95% CI [0.27, 0.67], P = 0.0002) for preventing parasitaemia, relative to normal saline placebo. Pooled RR showed no difference between PfSPZ Vaccine and the control in the occurrence of any solicited adverse event (RR: 1.00 with 95% CI [0.82, 1.23], P = 0.98), any local solicited adverse events (RR: 0.73 with 95% CI [0.49, 1.08], P = 0.11), any systemic solicited adverse events (RR: 0.94 with 95% CI [0.75, 1.17], P = 0.58), and any unsolicited adverse event (RR: 0.93 with 95% CI [0.78, 1.10], P = 0.37). PfSPZ and PfSPZ-CVacs showed comparable efficacy. Therefore, they can introduce a promising strategy for malaria prophylaxis, but more large-scale field trials are required to sustain efficacy and yield clinically applicable findings.

Upsport Aplikasi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Olahraga Berbasis Android (Menu Massage)

The background to this research is that sports carried out every day often result in sports injuries. Based on this, massage therapy is needed to treat injuries or to restore muscle fitness. The public needs a sports massage service center that provides services for sports enthusiasts through online applications. Among them is the availability of masseur sports massage. The general public's knowledge regarding sports massage, massage information makes someone withdraw from the intention of wanting to exercise but does not know the masseur information if an injury occurs. UpSport is an all in one sports application, which contains many sports features that society needs today, including the need for competent sports massage masseur information according to society's needs. This application makes it easy for someone to search for a sports massage therapist based on the nearest location, sport, license held and price or rates. The aim of this research is to create an Android application that makes it easier for people to find sports massage therapists. The research method used is development research (R&D). Data analysis techniques used in design and development research use qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data at the beginning of research design and development of qualitative data is more dominant than quantitative data. Qualitative data is obtained, for example, through observations and interviews during needs analysis. Quantitative data was obtained using a questionnaire and measured using a Likert scale. The output of this research is the UPSPORT application which has IPR and accredited journals. The results of the assessment carried out by researchers on users of the application "Upsport Application for Fulfilling Sports Needs Based on Android (menu massage)", were that out of 20 respondents, 15 people said it was "very feasible/very good" with a percentage of 75%, with 5 respondents saying “decent/good” with a percentage of 15%. The highest score on the results of large-scale field trials was 119 (93.60%) and the lowest score on the results of large-scale field trials was 96 (88.80%). So overall, based on the assessment of users of the massage menu application, it can be concluded that the application of the "Upsport Application to Fulfill Sports Needs Based on Android" is very good/fit to be used as an Android-based application in the sports sector.

Development of Learning Media For The Traditional Indonesian Hairdo Course

This research aims to explain: 1) the concept of developing instructional media for Traditional Nusantara Hairdo; 2) the process of developing instructional media for Traditional Nusantara Hairdo; 3) the feasibility of instructional media for the Traditional Nusantara Hairdo course. This research is a development study. The video was developed using the Borg and Gall approach, with stages including data collection, video planning, initial product development, product validation by experts, revision based on expert feedback, small-scale field trials, result revisions, large-scale field trials, product revision and improvement, and internal dissemination. Data collection was done using a media feasibility assessment questionnaire. The research subjects included 3 content experts, 2 media experts, and 60 potential users, namely students of the Makeup and Beauty Program, Yogyakarta State University. The research results show that the developed video is an interactive learning video for traditional Nusantara hairdos. The percentage of expert testing results in the learning aspect reached 88.33%, categorized as very feasible; content aspect reached 88.33%, categorized as very easy; and appearance aspect reached 94%, categorized as very feasible. The small-scale trial percentage is interpreted as 88.5% for appearance (very feasible), 91.66% for ease (very easy), and 91.66% for audio (very feasible). The large-scale trial percentage for appearance is 87.9% (very feasible), ease is 86.6% (very easy), and audio is 84.3% (very feasible). Therefore, this interactive learning video is deemed very suitable for use as instructional media for the Traditional Nusantara Hairdo course.

Demonstration of RNAi Yeast Insecticide Activity in Semi-Field Larvicide and Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait Trials Conducted on Aedes and Culex Mosquitoes.

Eco-friendly new mosquito control innovations are critical for the ongoing success of global mosquito control programs. In this study, Sh.463_56.10R, a robust RNA interference (RNAi) yeast insecticide strain that is suitable for scaled fermentation, was evaluated under semi-field conditions. Inactivated and dried Sh.463_56.10R yeast induced significant mortality of field strain Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in semi-field larvicide trials conducted outdoors in St. Augustine, Trinidad, where 100% of the larvae were dead within 24 h. The yeast was also stably suspended in commercial bait and deployed as an active ingredient in miniature attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) station sachets. The yeast ATSB induced high levels of Aedes and Culex mosquito morbidity in semi-field trials conducted in Trinidad, West Indies, as well as in Bangkok, Thailand, in which the consumption of the yeast resulted in adult female mosquito death within 48 h, faster than what was observed in laboratory trials. These findings support the pursuit of large-scale field trials to further evaluate the Sh.463_56.10R insecticide, a member of a promising new class of species-specific RNAi insecticides that could help combat insecticide resistance and support effective mosquito control programs worldwide.

Determining the efficacy of push-pull for management of Eldana saccharina (Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in sugarcane through on-farm field trials in KwaZulu-Natal.

An area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme was developed to improve management of Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a major pest of South African sugarcane. Push-pull technology is an important component of this AW-IPM approach. The sugarcane push-pull programme uses plants which are both repellent (Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv. (Cyperales: Poaceae)) and attractive (Cyperus dives Delile and Cyperus papyrus L. (both Cyperales: Cyperaceae) to E. saccharina. Previous research demonstrated the efficacy of push-pull in the Midlands North region of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. To date, little research has been conducted in coastal sugarcane growing areas. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using push-pull for management of E. saccharina in coastal KZN, using large-scale on-farm field trials conducted on five model farms. On each farm, wetland habitats were rehabilitated with pull plants (C. dives and C. papyrus) and fields were intercropped with the repellent grass M. minutiflora. Eldana saccharina damage and infestation levels were recorded to assess the efficacy of push-pull, using a multiple before-after-control-impact (mBACI) design. Push-pull treatment sites showed a significant reduction in mean percentage stalk damage and E. saccharina abundance relative to control sites. Furthermore, stemborer surveys in wetland habitats revealed higher numbers of E. saccharina within Cyperus spp. stands. Pull plants were therefore effective at attracting E. saccharina away from sugarcane. The success of the push-pull trials in this study indicates that it is a useful tool for managing E. saccharina populations in coastal sugarcane, especially in conjunction with other management practices.