Large Quantitative Survey Research Articles

‘What would they think of us?’ The impact of the China threat narrative in Australian media on PRC migrants and social cohesion

This paper engages closely with the perspectives of a particular cohort of Chinese-Australians: first-generation Mandarin-speaking migrants in Australia from the PRC. It aims to examine their responses and reactions to mainstream English-language news stories about their community and about the PRC. Drawing on data from a large quantitative survey, 20 in-depth interviews, and three group discussions, the paper explores three dimensions: how members of this cohort see themselves portrayed in the media; how they see the PRC being portrayed in the media; and what impact they believe such portrayals have on the Australian general public. The discussion aims to update the prevailing analytical framework of hostile media perception, as well as to shed light on the challenges facing the social cohesion agenda in multicultural societies that are a consequence of rapidly changing geopolitical dynamics.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Novel Measure of Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal for use with Adolescents and Young Adults.

Nicotine withdrawal is a well-established construct that prompts continued nicotine product use and contributes to failed cessation efforts. Despite ongoing public health concerns about nicotine e-cigarette use in adolescents and young adults (AYAs), no psychometrically-sound measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal exists for this population. A mixed methods approach comprising a literature review to identify existing nicotine withdrawal items; subject matter expert feedback on existing items and novel item generation; cognitive interviews assessing the measure's instructions, items, and response options; and a large quantitative validation survey (N = 997) was employed to develop the novel retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal. A 25-item solution comprising four subscales - Negative Affect, Negative Physical Symptoms, Craving, and Appetite/Food - and an Overall Withdrawal score was supported. Internal reliability was excellent (mean alpha = 0.91), and scalar measurement invariance was reached for all subgroups tested (e.g., sex, age, exclusive e-cigarette use versus dual tobacco product use, daily versus non-daily nicotine vaping). Overall Withdrawal and its subscales evidenced concurrent validity with time to first vape in the morning, e-cigarette dependence, and previous vaping cessation attempts, although not each subscale was associated with each outcome. Importantly, cross-sectional incremental validity analyses indicated that retrospective withdrawal accounted for variance in each outcome above and beyond e-cigarette dependence. The novel retrospective AYA Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (AYA NEWS) evidenced strong psychometric properties for use in this population. Future research can determine whether the AYA NEWS can be used to assess acute e-cigarette nicotine withdrawal. While e-cigarette use remains the most prevalent form of nicotine product use among adolescents and young adults, there are limited options for psychometrically-sound measures of e-cigarette-related constructs in this population. Withdrawal from nicotine is associated with failed cessation attempts and continued use of nicotine-containing products, making it a critical construct within tobacco-related research. This study outlines the development and preliminary psychometric evaluation of a novel, retrospective measure of nicotine e-cigarette withdrawal. Study findings support using the Adolescent and Young Adult Nicotine E-cigarette Withdrawal Scale (AYA NEWS) to assess retrospective withdrawal from nicotine e-cigarettes in young people.

O034 Insomnia Management in Australia: An Overview of Patient, Clinician and Health System Factors

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder in Australia. The recommended treatment is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for insomnia (CBTi), however most people with insomnia do not access this treatment. Understanding reasons for the discrepancy between clinical guidelines and clinical practice is essential to identify opportunities to increase access to CBTi. This research explores the perspectives of people with insomnia, clinicians, and the health system to provide a comprehensive picture of insomnia management in Australia. Methods A mixed-methods program was undertaken to comprehensively identify facilitators and barriers to CBTi access in Australia. This included two large quantitative surveys of the Australian community and people with insomnia, and semi-structured qualitative interviews with GPs and psychologists. Results Most people with chronic insomnia symptoms reported they did not receive a diagnosis of insomnia, only 37% had discussed sleep with their GP, 9% discussed sleep with a psychologist, and <1% received CBTi. Barriers to effective management of insomnia include low priority of sleep from all perspectives, impaired knowledge and awareness, and inadequate access to care. GPs are under substantial time pressure, other health conditions are often prioritised over insomnia, existing funding mechanisms are not clear, and few psychologists trained to deliver CBTi. Discussion To improve the management of insomnia in Australia efforts are needed to improve clinician and patient recognition of the importance of identifying and managing insomnia. More psychologists and primary care clinicians need to be trained in CBTi delivery, to increase awareness, understanding and access to CBTi in the community.

Positive Ageing: How Can Public Libraries Help?

ABSTRACTThe growth rate of older adult produces demographic shift in Bangladesh. The objectives of this study is to explore how public libraries in Bangladesh can work or support for positive ageing. This study is a small part of larger survey study of the public libraries in Bangladesh. Data were collected from two open‐ended questions which were used in the larger quantitative survey. Out of 59 responses received from the public librarians, only 15 librarians responded to open‐ended questions. The answers of these two open‐ended questions were coded and analyzed. Public libraries do not offer exclusive services for the older adults but many of the general services are used by the older adults. However, public librarians have come up with significant ideas to support older people for promoting the positive ageing. Findings also focused how this helps to achieve some of the UNSDGs in the context of Bangladesh.

The role of social innovation in tackling global poverty and vulnerability.

Tackling the rapid rise in global poverty is one of the most pressing challenges the world faces today, especially in this new age of turbulence. On top of the ongoing environmental crisis, the last fifteen years has been rocked by the financial crisis of 2007-8, compounded by the 2020 Covid-pandemic and then by the 2022 war in Ukraine, each of which has negatively impacted all aspects of sustainable development. Although in practice many development organizations have been using the methods and processes of social innovation to tackle poverty and vulnerability for many years, it is only recently that they have specifically begun to analyse and codify its contribution to these and other SDGs. Social innovation provides beneficial social outcomes for citizens and other actors, often at local level with the strong bottom-up involvement of civil society and through its cross-actor, cross-sector, cross-disciplinary and cross-cutting strengths. Importantly, it aims to empower those with a social need, particularly when they have little to begin with. It focuses on increasing the beneficiaries' own agency and capability rather than passively only relying on others to act on their behalf. This is done by transforming social relationships and developing new collaborative processes. Amongst a wide range of recent and contemporary sources, this paper analyses a large scale quantitative and qualitative global survey of social innovations that tackle poverty and vulnerability in different global regions. It examines various definitions of poverty, including extreme, absolute and relative measures as well as arguably more useful approaches like the Multidimensional Poverty Index. It proposes how social innovation should be recalibrated to meet the increasing threats of the new age of turbulence, including by deploying the sociological lens of the agency-structure dichotomy to show why the public sector needs to become involved more proactively in social innovation. It also looks at certain myths around poverty and vulnerability, examines why we need to revise our understanding of sustainable development and resilience, and why a new nexus approach is needed that combines SDG1 with other strongly related SDGs.

Factors impacting job satisfaction among pharmacists in the Arab world: A qualitative study

PurposeThis study was undertaken to investigate in-depth the factors impacting job satisfaction among pharmacists in the Arab world and the challenges they encounter in their career path. The outcome of this study should help the local policymakers to take corrective actions to improve pharmacist’s satisfaction and therefore enhance quality of patient care. MethodThis qualitative study collected responses of pharmacists from 12 Arab countries, as part of a large quantitative survey. Participants added comments to an optional open-ended question regarding work satisfaction. The Qualtrics Survey Software was used to collect the responses. The survey was distributed from March to May 2021 through multiple online channels for filling. The responses collected were analysed to develop themes. An inductive constructivist approach was used for the conceptual thematic analysis as the methodological orientation. ResultsA total of 110 responses/comments were received from the study participants. The two largest practice settings of the participants were from hospitals (44.5%) and community pharmacies (28.2%). Almost 40% of responses came from pharmacists practising in Qatar (21.8%) and UAE (18.1%). The survey data demonstrated several reasons impacting job satisfaction among pharmacists practising in the Arab countries. Underestimation of the pharmacists' role, low salaries, lack of motivation and excessive workload were reported as major contributors to job dissatisfaction. On the other hand, professional commitment and the culture of the work setting were the major contributors to job satisfaction. ConclusionsThe study provides valuable insights into the aspects concerning pharmacists’ satisfaction in the Arab world. Policymakers and other stakeholders need to act upon aspects of pharmacists’ job satisfaction and dissatisfaction to ensure potentially better working environment and patient outcomes.

Gender roles and domestic power in energy-saving home improvements

The importance of considering gender aspects in studies on residential energy consumption has been acknowledged. However, an important topic is still ignored in gender and energy transitions research: domestic power for men and women differs depending on the type of couple to which they belong. According to Pierre Bourdieu, the chances of each spouse to exercise legitimate power in domestic affairs depend on their respective economic and symbolic capital. In other words, spouses-matching matters, and practices, gender domestic roles and social representations on energy-saving home improvements are influenced to a great extent by the type of union that matches both spouses’ respective socio-economic characteristics into homo- or heterogamic unions. This mixed-method research is based on extensive data collected in multiple efforts over 18 years, comprising: (1) several sets of in-depth interviews with adults married or in union realised between 2006 and 2021; and (2) three large quantitative surveys realised in 2004, 2014 and 2016. Results indicate that traditional gender roles and male domestic power are mostly challenged in hypogamous unions both in considering and in carrying energy-saving home improvements. <em><strong>Practice relevance</strong></em> A one-size-fits-all retrofit framing and energy policy does not work. In this case, it is not the technical conditions but rather a couple’s power relationships in the home. The male territory of energy-saving home improvements is being eroded, especially by wives who are more educated than their husband. Domestic power is key to apprehend the marital dynamics around retrofit. Recognising these marital dynamics, a variety of values can be mobilised to support the execution of energy retrofits, including, for example, more feminine values such as equality, and care for children. Policy instruments and media messages should be designed accordingly, and not mainly as financial benefits. Practitioners would be well-advised to take a more gender-neutral attitude with less stereotyping of male and female potentials. This also means treating homeowners in couples as a team rather than interacting only with the male partner: gender-neutral interactions would better avoid causing or reinforcing embarrassing situations for one partner or for the couple itself in their marital struggle for domestic power in deciding on or executing energy-saving home improvements.

Adaptation to climate change in small German municipalities: Sparse knowledge and weak adaptive capacities

AbstractUnderstanding local adaptation to climate change is critical for the overall success of adaptation practices in Europe and around the world. Although it becomes more urgent by the day, existing literature does not adequately touch upon the topic of climate adaptation in small municipalities. This article addresses this gap. It explores whether adaptation measures in small municipalities are overlooked in research focused on other aspects of urban environment, or whether such measures are indeed inadequate. Based on a large quantitative survey among Bavarian municipalities (n = 401), we conducted 11 qualitative case studies to answer the following two questions. First, how active are small municipalities in Bavaria, Germany, in climate change adaptation? Second, why and how do municipal adaptation frontrunners implement adaptation measures and what lessons can we learn from their experience? Our findings confirm that small municipalities rarely adapt to climate change, and when they do, their actions usually target water‐related issues. Most often measures are responsive and pragmatic, instead of being preventive and transformative. The fact that the small municipality representatives that we have interviewed were not able to distinguish between adaptation and mitigation measures clearly illustrates the lack of local adaptation capacities. We conclude that national funding for municipal adaptation coordinators or networks is a promising way to improve local capacities.

Development of high-throughput UPLC-MS/MS using multiple reaction monitoring for quantitation of complex human milk oligosaccharides and application to large population survey of secretor status and Lewis blood group

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have attracted increasing attention due to the emerging evidence of their positive roles for infant’s health. A high-throughput method for absolute quantitation of the complex HMOs including multiple isomeric structures is important but very challenging, due to the highly divers nature and wide variation in content of HMOs from different individuals. Here we used UPLC-MS-MRM in the negative-ion mode for accurate quantitation of 23 complex HMOs in just 15 min. The selected oligosaccharides are in their native forms and include neutral and sialylated, fucosylated and non-fucosylated, linear and branched, and secretor and Lewis phenotype indicators. The well validated method with good sensitivity, recovery and reproducibility was then applied to a large population quantitative survey of 251 Chinese mothers from five different ethnic groups (Han, Zhuang, Hui, Mongolian and Tibetan) living in different geographical regions for their secretor’s status and Lewis phenotypes.

Craft fields and the temporal structures of quilting

This article develops a Bourdieusian-inspired structuralist model of how craft and commerce intersect. Through interpretative engagement with targeted interviews (n = 17) of ‘serious leisure’ quilters drawn from a larger quantitative survey (n = 440), we find that attitudes to pattern sharing suspends the field between commercial and communitarian poles. Unlike fine art and popular culture fields, where the usurpation of dominant styles leads to a succession temporality, quilting evinces a stasis: communitarian and circular temporalities of reciprocity and inclusion counterpose commoditization, notions of just (market) rewards, and their linear temporality. Developing from this chiastic – crosswise – structure, we argue craft's temporal organization of materials and actors differentiates quilting from art and other cultural forms; what is new is old; what is old is new. Generalizing this analysis, we suggest craft fields can appear unchanging due to the co-constituting, yet unresolvable, symbolic oppositions between commercial and communitarian temporalities.

Neighborhoods and their impacts on the informal food economy of Bengaluru

Informal work has received much attention in global policy and research over the past four decades, however, policy approaches have favoured an economic way of thinking about informality rather than a spatial or urban perspective. This article investigates city-scale trends within the informal food economy of Bengaluru, attempting to use a spatial lens to understand informal work. The study involved a large scale quantitative survey of informal food businesses in different kinds of neighborhoods across the city, as well as in-depth interviews with a smaller set of businesses. Through the survey and interviews, we studied the variety of business setups and their operations, occupational mobility and financial stability. This article attempts to demonstrate: (i) the diversity of outcomes for vendors over time, and (ii) how vendors' occupational history and social networks play a role in creating (and closing off) vending opportunities, and (iii) how the spatial-economic structure of the city, defined here as specific land typologies, influences the operations and financial prospects of informal food businesses.

Revalidation and empirical application of the Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale (CAFPAS)

The aim of this study is to verify the validity and empirical applicability of the CAFPAS (Cooking and Food Provisioning Action Scale), which was created in the USA in 2017 (Lahne et al., 2017; Lahne et al., 2019). The international application of standardized scales requires the creation of more than one language version of the measuring instrument. The scale was translated into Czech in several systematic steps, piloted and then incorporated into a large quantitative survey, which was carried out between January and April 2021. Data in the survey were collected by a professional research agency, using the IBM Data Collection system. The target population of the study were adults in the Czech Republic. The research sample included 1122 respondents with three quota variables – gender, education and age, which reflected the structure of the target population. The analysis demonstrated that food agency is significantly influenced by gender, age, income and marital status. In the context of the Czech Republic, the place of residence (or type of housing) was also identified as an important predictor. The Czech version of the scale confirms its wider applicability outside the US cultural environment.

Values of farmers – Evidence from Germany

Against the background of fundamentally changing political and social requirements of agricultural production, the requirement profile of farmers has changed. The future of agriculture is widely discussed. To prepare a ground for future debates and policy programme design, it is essential to obtain an understanding of which values underlie the behaviour of farmers. This paper applies Schwartz's value theory to a large quantitative survey (N = 787) of German farmers. In addition to the overall value portrait, different value portraits within the sample of farmers are analysed. Farmers of the sample first and foremost prioritise self-transcendence values followed by openness to change. Conservation and self-enhancement are ranked to be less important within the value priorities of farmers. Furthermore, three different value portraits are identifiable within the sample. These groups differ significantly in their risk attitude and involvement in structural diversification. Implications for agricultural policy design and agricultural management are derived from the results.

Patient and Physician Perspectives of Unmet Needs in CML - Designing the CML SUN Survey

Patient and Physician Perspectives of Unmet Needs in CML - Designing the CML SUN Survey

COPING WITH COVID; UNDERSTANDING AND MITIGATING DISADVANTAGES EXPERIENCED BY FIRST GENERATION SCHOLARS STUDYING ONLINE

ABSTRACT This article examines the implications of the transition to online or blended learning for first generation scholars (FGS) brought about by Covid-19. We present the findings of a mixed methods project that draws data from both in-depth qualitative interviews and a large quantitative survey of students at Durham University. We offer a comparative analysis of how FGS contrast to the general student body in relation to a range of key challenges that Covid-19 and the consequent ‘online pivot’ posed to university life including technological, social and resource based issues. Our findings demonstrate that FGS were particularly affected by this shift to online or blended learning. The final substantive section discusses a range of potential mitigation strategies adopted by the School of Government and International Affairs, Durham University, with the assumption that some, at least, of these, and our data, will be of wider relevance in the sector.

Caught Between Autonomy and Insecurity: A Work-Psychological View on Resources and Strain of Small Business Owners in Germany.

While research on personality factors and economic success of entrepreneurs has flourished over the years, studies on their specific working conditions and their impact on health and career are surprisingly scarce. This study used a qualitative approach to comprehensively mirror the working situation of German small business owners. To reflect the broadness of this employment type and avoid sampling bias, we applied a quota sampling strategy based on a preliminary typology of solo self-employed respondents we derived from a large quantitative survey. We investigated 29 small business owners who reported, for example, on health complaints, recovery opportunities, and obstacles and resources while running their businesses. Thematic analysis was employed to develop a specific frame model for small business owners based on established work-related stress theories which allowed us to derive concrete hypotheses for further quantitative research. The main results emphasized the meaning of active actions and the workers’ own responsibility for creating working conditions and enabling autonomy. Besides personal preferences regarding the chosen career path, marketability, flexibility, and social networks played a role and explained health and career issues. When it came to practical implications, voluntariness played an essential role for selecting this specific career path. Those being pushed into self-employment as their only viable job opportunity should receive particular support through career counseling to sustain their health.

A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Funder Trust and Due Diligence Processes in Online Crowdfunding Investment

We report on two studies undertaken to establish the factors that affect funders’ trust and likelihood to invest in crowdfunding campaigns online. Findings from an initial small-scale qualitative study are reported and subsequently triangulated in a larger quantitative survey. Across these studies, we demonstrate the importance of social information within the peer economy, with a strong reliance on other users across the course of the investment decision-making process. Decision making on whether to invest is informed not only by the content of the crowdfunding campaign page but also by social influence factors that are present (e.g., liking of the campaigner, reciprocity). It is further shaped by due diligence checks focused on the progression of the prototype for which funding is sought, and by assurances from outside the campaign page—namely on social media. Such assurances center around the importance of social proof, garnered through opinions of previous customers or other funders. The risk here is that much of this information is content that can be faked, and as such a reliance on this may leave potential funders vulnerable. Meanwhile, a genuine lack of prior experience and customer base means that some legitimate campaigners struggle to gain trust from potential investors who are reliant on such social information. Our findings present an empirical grounding to develop future security solutions that (1) protect existing funders and (2) increase potential funders’ level of trust, to encourage their engagement with legitimate crowdfunding campaigns.

How do people interpret the value concept? Development and evaluation of the value conceptualisation scale using a mixed method approach

ABSTRACT Value research has a long and extensive history of theoretical definitions and empirical investigations using large scale quantitative surveys. However, the way the general population understands, defines, and relates to the concept of values, and how these views vary across individuals is seldom addressed. The present study examined subjective interpretations of the term through focus group interviews, and reports on the development of a Value Conceptualisation Scale (VCS) that distinguishes six dimensions of different views on values: normativity, relevance, validity, stability, consistency, and awareness. Focus group interviews (n = 38) as well as several surveys (n = 100, n = 1519, n = 903, n = 94) were used to develop, refine, and test the scale in terms of response variety, temporal stability, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. These systematic results show that views on values do indeed vary significantly between participants. Correlations with dogmatism, preference for consistency, and metacognition were found for corresponding dimensions. The VCS provides an original measure, which enables future research to explore this variation on the conceptualisation of values.

Share and protect our health data: an evidence based approach to rare disease patients\u2019 perspectives on data sharing and data protection - quantitative survey and recommendations

BackgroundThe needs and benefits of sharing health data to advance scientific research and improve clinical benefits have been well documented in recent years, specifically in the field of rare diseases where knowledge and expertise are limited and patient populations are geographically dispersed. Understanding what patients want and need from rare disease research and data sharing is important to ensure their participation and engagement in the process, and to ensure that these wishes and needs are embedded within research design. EURORDIS-Rare Diseases Europe regularly surveys the rare disease community to identify its perspectives and needs on a number of issues in order to represent rare disease patients and be their voice within European and International initiatives and policy developments.Here, we present key findings from a large quantitative survey conducted with patients with rare diseases and family members as part of a continuous evidence-based advocacy process developed at EURORDIS. The aim of this survey was to explore patient and family perspectives on data sharing and data protection in research and healthcare settings and develop relevant recommendations to support shaping of future data sharing initiatives in rare disease research.This survey, translated into 23 languages, was carried out via the Rare Barometer Programme and was designed to be accessible to a diverse population with a wide range of education backgrounds. It was widely disseminated via patient organisations worldwide to ensure that a wide range of voices and experiences were represented.Main findingsRare disease patients, regardless of the severity of their disease and their socio-demographic profile, are clearly supportive of data sharing to foster research and improve healthcare. However, rare disease patients’ willingness to share their data does come with specific requirements in order to respect their privacy, choices and needs for information regarding the use of their data.ConclusionsTo ensure sustainability and success of international data sharing initiatives in health and research for rare diseases, appropriate legislations need to be implemented and multi-stakeholder efforts need to be pursued to foster cultural and technological changes enabling the systematic integration of patients’ preferences regarding sharing of their own health data.

A customer value perspective to service experiences in restaurants

Customer experience is an increasingly important construct in consumer services research and management. Prior research has analyzed restaurant experiences through attributes, such as food quality, but more attention is needed to understand what kind of value customers eventually perceive. This study introduces the customer value perspective to restaurant experience and connects quality attributes to value perceptions, as well as to behavioral intentions. Conceptually, the study combines the customer-perceived value perspective with more traditional models of service/restaurant experience. Using data from a large quantitative survey (n = 1533), this study introduces an integrative model for analyzing the antecedents, outcomes, and implications of restaurant experiences. Additionally, the model is validated by comparing data from two different restaurant settings: lunch and dining. Managerially, the study broadens managers' understanding of how to design superior experiences by shifting attention from restaurant attributes to customers’ perception of value resulting from these attributes.