Large Purse Seine Research Articles

Enhancement of Maritime Sector Decarbonization through the Integration of Fishing Vessels into IMO Energy Efficiency Measures

The escalating impact of anthropogenic activities on global climate patterns necessitates urgent measures to reduce emissions, with the maritime industry playing a pivotal role. This article aims to examine the adoption of International Maritime Organization energy efficiency measures for the often-overlooked fishing vessels and their contribution to the overall maritime decarbonization efforts. The article analyzes the attained technical efficiency indices of a case study large-scale fishing vessel and compares them with those of two cargo ships where IMO measures already apply. To support the proposal, a comprehensive analysis of the energy efficiency indices of eight large purse seine fishing vessels is also presented. The results show that large-scale fishing vessels of 400 GT and above could be subject to the IMO energy efficiency measures. The operational challenges, unique to the fishing sector, suggest that sector-specific considerations may be required to integrate the fishing fleet into the already existing IMO energy efficiency guidelines. Looking ahead, this article explores the benefits of aligning Regulation (EU) 2023/957 and IMO guidelines, as well as applying the IMO Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) in assessing the operational environmental impact of fishing operations, emphasizing the importance of including these vessels in the current regulatory frameworks to promote decarbonization.

Enhancing Chub Mackerel Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) Standardization through High-Resolution Analysis of Korean Large Purse Seine Catch and Effort Using AIS Data

Accurate determination of fishing effort from Automatic Identification System (AIS) data improves catch per unit effort (CPUE) estimation and precise spatial management. By combining AIS data with catch information, a weighted distribution method is applied to allocate catches across various fishing trajectories, accounting for temporal dynamics. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Generalized Additive Model (GAM) were used to examine the influence of spatial–temporal and environmental variables (year, month, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Salinity (SSS), current velocity, depth, longitude, and latitude) and assess the quality of model fit for these effects on chub mackerel CPUE. Month, SST, and year exhibited the strongest relationship with CPUE in the GLM model, while the GAM model emphasizes the importance of month and year. CPUE peaked within specific temperature and salinity ranges and increased with longitude and specific latitudinal bands. Month emerged as the most influential variable, explaining 38% of the CPUE variance, emphasizing the impact of regulatory measures on fishery performance. The GAM model performed better, explaining 69.9% of the nominal CPUE variance. The time series of nominal and standardized indices indicated strong seasonal cycles, and the application of fine-scale fishing effort improved nominal and standardized CPUE estimates and model performance.

SFA를 이용한 근해어업의 온실가스 배출 효율성 및 감축잠재량 추정

The purpose of this study is to estimate greenhouse gas(GHG) emission efficiency(GEE) and GHG mitigation potential(GMP) of offshore fisheries in preparation for carbon neutral and negative promotion in the ocean and fisheries sector, and to suggest policy improvements related to GHG mitigation. To this end, this study used stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) considering exogenous determinants of GHG emission inefficiency. As a result, the GEE of fleet and drag net fisheries with high fuel cost and vessel age was lower than other fisheries. In addition, the GMP and mitigation ratio of large purse seine, large pair trawl, large otter trawl, and anchovy drag net were higher than those of other fisheries. Lastly, as policy improvements to reduce GHG emission from offshore fisheries, fleet size reduction, development of low-energy used fishing gear, easing of conditions for participation in fishing vessel modernization projects, revising laws to supply eco-friendly fishing vessel, and improvement of the tax-free petroleum supply system were proposed.

An analysis of the fishing characteristics of Korean large purse seine fisheries in Japanese waters

An analysis of the fishing characteristics of Korean large purse seine fisheries in Japanese waters

Fisheries: A Missing Link in Greenhouse Gas Emission Policies in South Korea

Recent studies demonstrate that fisheries are massive contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The average Korean fishing vessel is old, fuel-inefficient, and creates a large volume of emissions. Yet, there is little research on how to address the GHG emissions in Korean fisheries. This study estimated the change in GHG emissions and emission costs at different levels of fishing operations using a steady-state bioeconomic model based on the case of the Anchovy Tow Net Fishery (ATNF) and the Large Purse Seine Fishery (LPSF). We conclude that reducing the fishing efforts of the ATNF and LPSF by 37% and 8% respectively would not only eliminate negative externalities on the anchovy and mackerel stock respectively, but also mitigate emissions and emission costs in the fishing industry. To limit emissions, we propose that the Korean government reduce fishing efforts through a vessel-buyback program and set an annual catch limit. Alternatively, the government should provide loans for modernizing old fishing vessels or a subsidy for installing emission abatement equipment to reduce the excessive emissions from Korean fisheries.

United States – Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (US–Tuna II (Mexico) (Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United States / Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Mexico), DS381

These compliance proceedings concern a second revised measure adopted by the United States regarding the labelling of dolphin-safe tuna products (the 2016 Tuna Measure). The 2016 Tuna Measure places three types of conditions on the use of the dolphin-safe label: (i) conditions relating to the automatic disqualification of certain tuna products (eligibility criteria); (ii) conditions relating to certifications (certification requirements); and (iii) conditions relating to record keeping and segregation of dolphin-safe and non-dolphin-safe tuna (tracking and verification requirements). Regarding the eligibility criteria, tuna harvested using large-scale driftnets on the high seas and tuna products containing tuna harvested by setting on dolphins anywhere in the world are automatically disqualified for the dolphin-safe label. Regarding the certification and tracking/verification requirements, the 2016 Tuna Measure makes a distinction between the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean (ETP) large purse seine fishery, on the one hand, and all other fisheries, on the other hand.

Trend of Reduction and Direction of Management Response in the Large Purse Seine Fishery

Trend of Reduction and Direction of Management Response in the Large Purse Seine Fishery

CPUE standardization of Pacific bluefin tuna caught by Korean offshore large purse seine fishery (2003-2016)

CPUE standardization of Pacific bluefin tuna caught by Korean offshore large purse seine fishery (2003-2016)

A preliminary study on ABC estimation approach for ecosystem-based TAC management

Korea's acceptable biological catch (ABC) for total allowable catch (TAC) management has been estimated by a five-tier system that relies on population-based stock assessment models according to available ecological information for pelagic or demersal species. To overcome the limitations of the current ABC estimation system based on population dynamic models, this study attempted to integrate the ecosystem-based fisheries assessment (EBFA) approach into Korea's current ABC estimation system, and has developed an ABC estimation approach for ecosystem-based TAC management. To estimate an ecosystem-based ABC, ABC estimated by the current ABC estimation system was adjusted depending on the species risk index (SRI) that was derived from risk analysis of EBFA. During the process, the SRI-F relationship which generalizes the relationship between SRI and fishing mortality (F) was devised, and was used to estimate an ecosystem-based ABC. Also, the SRI projection as a function of the F scenario was conducted to estimate the regression coefficient of a relationship of SRI and F. We demonstrated an ecosystem-based ABC estimation by applying it to the chub mackerel, one of the TAC species in Korea's large purse seine fishery. As a result, the F at ABC (0.39/year) was adjusted as 0.365/year, while ABC (180,000 mt) was reduced to 170,393 mt. We found that this approach can be used to conservatively estimate the TAC in an ecosystem-based context for quota-managed fisheries.

The relationship between fishing characteristics of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and ocean conditions around Jeju Island

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) is one of the commercially important species in Korea as well as other countries of the North Pacific. Korean offshore large purse seine fisheries targeting small pelagic fishes such as chub mackerel have caught T. orientalis temporarily in the east of Jeju Island. The catch of T. orientalis in March through June occupied approximately 60% of the total. The monthly catch around Jeju Island from 2004 to 2013 showed a negative correlation (r = − 0.755, p < 0.01) with the seawater temperature at 50 m and had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.856, p < 0.01) with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index (PDOI). The highest catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of T. orientalis around Jeju Island occurred either when the seawater temperature ranged between 15 and 16 °C at 50 m or when the catch was taken near the frontal area where two water masses from offshore and coastal areas collide. The length of T. orientalis caught around Jeju Island from 2004 to 2013 ranged from 19 to 193 cm in fork length (FL). The time series of the monthly mean FL of T. orientalis had a negative correlation (r = − 0.592, p < 0.01) with the seawater temperature at 50 m and had a significant positive correlation (r = 0.668, p < 0.05) with PDOI.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of knotless nettings for large purse seine gear

Hydrodynamic characteristics of knotless nettings for large purse seine gear

기후변화가 대형선망 고등어 어업의 최적탄소배출량에 미치는 영향분석

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the optimal <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> emission in the maximum economic yield (MEY), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), and open access (OA) using a bioeconomic model. The results are as follows; in the case of <TEX>$E_{MEY}$</TEX>, <TEX>$E_{MSY}$</TEX>, and <TEX>$E_{OA}$</TEX> levels, <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> emissions are estimated at <TEX>$150,704,746CO_2/kg$</TEX>, <TEX>$352,211,193CO_2/kg$</TEX>, and <TEX>$301,409,492CO_2/kg$</TEX> respectively. We show that the <TEX>$E_{MEY}$</TEX> is more efficient than the other levels. That is, the level of <TEX>$E_{MEY}$</TEX> signifies the optimal economic fishing usage as the most economically efficient usage for large purse seine fishery catching mackerel species. The emission of <TEX>$CO_2$</TEX> in <TEX>$E_{MEY}$</TEX> is the lowest level. Also, the impacts of climate changes such as ocean temperature increase, ocean acidification, and the combined impact thereof show that the biomass of mackerel decreases.

Application of a bioeconomic model to Spanish mackerel in the seas of Korea

By focusing on a single species and multiple fisheries, this study provides a stock assessment of the Spanish mackerel caught mostly by Korean large trawl (LT), large purse seine (LPS), and large pair trawl (LPT) fisheries. We standardize the fishing efforts for the three fisheries by using a general linear model. We also employ a surplus production model, the Clarke–Yoshimoto–Pooley (CYP) model, based on the Gompertz growth function. The CYP model estimates the maximum sustainable yield, allowable biological catch (ABC), and associated fishing efforts, while a bioeconomic model is used to estimate the maximum economic yield and associated fishing efforts. Furthermore, the study analyzes the economic interactions among the LT, LPS, and LPT fisheries in the Republic of Korea. The economic analysis compares the net profits of the three different axes accruing to the three fisheries from the estimated ABC. The results show that fishing efforts to catch Spanish mackerel have recently risen in the seas of Korea; however, the stock has reduced because of overfishing. Thus, the study’s findings suggest that total allowable catch management is necessary for single species and multiple fisheries in order to preserve the Spanish mackerel stock in Korea.

Habitat preferences of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) in the eastern Pacific Ocean

AbstractStriped marlin (Kajikia audax) is an epipelagic species distributed in tropical and temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean. In the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, it is captured principally in commercial longline fisheries, and in small artisanal fisheries, however, it is also taken throughout its range in this region as an incidental catch of the tuna purse‐seine fishery. Previous studies suggest that overexploitation and climate change may reduce abundance and cause changes in spatial distributions of marine species. The main objective of this study was to describe the habitat preferences of striped marlin and the changes in its distribution in response to environmental factors. Habitat modeling was conducted using a maximum entropy model. Operational level data for 2003–2014, collected by scientific observers aboard large purse seine vessels, were compiled by the Inter‐American Tropical Tuna Commission and were matched with detailed (4 km) oceanographic data from satellites and general circulation models. Results showed that the spatial distribution of habitat was dynamic, with seasonal shifts between coastal (winter) and oceanic (summer) waters. We found that the preferred habitat is mainly in coastal waters with warm sea surface temperatures and a high chlorophyll‐a concentration.

A Quantitative Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Korean Offshore Large Purse Seine Fishery

Ozone layer depletion and global warming related to GHG (greenhouse gases) emissions from industries are a major issue globally. As these efforts, The parties of the Kyoto protocol adopted in the 3th UNFCCC’s conference set targets for average 5.2 percent reduction of GHG emissions from 1990 until 2012, should apply greenhouse gas emissions trading. The 18th UNFCCC’s conference of the parties to be held in Doha, Qatar agreed the Doha amendment to extend the Kyoto protocol that expires in 2012 until 2020. Furthermore, GHG emissions from the fishery industries also represent an important issue, as indicated by Responsible Fisheries at Cancun, Mexico, in The 16th UNFCCC’s conference of the parties, United nations conference on environment & development accepted Responsible Fisheries as important concern area. However, few research on the GHG emissions from Korean fisheries have been performed. Therefore, a quantitative analysis of GHG emissions from the major Korean fisheries in needed before guidelines for reducing GHG emissions from the fishing industry can be established. The aim of this study was to assess the present GHG emissions from the Korean offshore large purse seine fishery using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method quantitatively. The result of this study will be helpful to establish a reducing method of GHG emissions.

정수선형계획법을 이용한 금어기 제도의 효과 분석

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of closed season policy using an integer linear programming, targeting the large purse seine fishery in Korea. In the analysis, based on Cheng and Townsend(1993), fishing effort (fishing days by month) was assumed to be distributed for profit maximization of vessels and catch of immature fish was estimated. The analytical results showed that the effects of closed season policy would vary in accordance with the monthly closures in terms of fishing profits and catch of immature fish. A closed season policy by month had different effects on fishing profits and catch of immature fish by species. It implies the importance of considering seasonal changes of fish species when limiting fishing efforts with the closed season policy.

An ecosystem-based assessment of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) harvested by multi-gears and management implications in Korean waters

Hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) has been traditionally harvested by multi-gear types in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, except for the East Sea (Sea of Japan) in Korean waters. Six different fishery types such as offshore stownet fishery, offshore longline fishery, large pair-trawl fishery, large purse seine fishery, large otter trawl fishery and offshore angling fishery target to harvest the hairtail stock accounting for about 90% of the total annual catch. We attempted to develop an ecosystem-based fisheries assessment approach, which determines the optimal allocation of catch quotas and fishing efforts for major fisheries. We conducted standardization of fishing effort for six types of hairtail fisheries using a general linear model (GLM), and then estimated maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and maximum economic yield (MEY). Estimated MSY and MEY for the hairtail stock were estimated as 100,151 mt and 97,485 mt, respectively. In addition, we carried out an ecosystem-based risk analysis to obtain species risk index (SRI), which was applied to adjusting the optimal proportion of fishing effort for six hairtail fisheries as a penalty or an incentive. As a result, fishing effort ratios were adjusted by SRI for the six fisheries types. Also, the total allowable catch (TAC) was estimated as 97,485 mt and the maximum net profit at TAC by the hairtail fisheries was estimated as 778 billion won (USD 765 million).

우리나라와 노르웨이의 선망어업 현황 및 생산구조 비교

In order to improve the competitiveness of Korean large purse seine fishery, the purpose of this study is to find out the problems and present the improvement of the production structure of Korean large purse seine fishery by comparing to the production structure of Norwegian purse seine fishery. Norwegian purse seine fishery has been operating labor and energy-saving systems through a single wire operation and avoiding fishing competition through the introduction of IVQ system with different types of fishing vessel and obtaining benefits from Leading fishery management integrated with fish pumps and cooling water systems. In contrast, our country has a large purse seine fishery issues such as high cost and low efficiency of production structures, the volatility of mackerel resources, the lack of leading fishery management after catching fishes, the reduction of fishing ground in accordance with the North East Asia EEZ system. To solve these problems, initiatives to improve the structure of our large purse seine fishery are as follows: First, Implementing the promotion of the effective immature fishes management and establishing Korea-China-Japan resource management system. Second, the promotion of reduction of fleet size, the review of possible single fishing operation, leading out to strengthen its competitiveness by switching to energy-efficient production systems through enhanced efforts at fisheries catches steps. Third, it is necessary to realize corporate through the diversification of business areas and the large-scale commercialization of production structure.

Manor born

Nursery WorldVol. 2014, No. 25 A Unique Child Nursery of the YearManor bornRuth ThomsonRuth ThomsonSearch for more papers by this authorRuth ThomsonPublished Online:26 Dec 2014https://doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2014.25.19AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View articleAbstractNursery World's Nursery of the Year 2014, Manor House Nursery School in Margate, combines strong community and family links with excellent practice. Ruth Thomson went to visit FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTrend of Reduction and Direction of Management Response in the Large Purse Seine FisheryThe Journal of Fisheries Business Administration, Vol. 50, No. 4 2 December 2014Volume 2014Issue 25ISSN (print): 0029-6422ISSN (online): 2059-9358 Metrics History Published online 26 December 2014 Published in print 2 December 2014 Information© MA Education LimitedPDF download

선형계획법을 이용한 생태계 기반 TAC 어업관리에 관한 연구

This study aimed to empirically investigate the applicability of ecosystem-based TAC (Total Allowable Catch) fisheries management targeting the large purse seine fishery where multi-species are regulated by TAC. Using a linear programming, the optimal fishing effort and the catch amount by species which maximize fishing profits were analyzed under the constraint condition of catch limits by species. Analytical results showed that an application of TAC on only chub mackerel would have negative impacts on fish stocks such as hairtail and jack mackerel by increasing the level of fishing effort to achieve its allocated catch limit. However, under the constraint condition of catch limits of all species, it was shown that optimal catches of all species were achieved within their catch limits. It implies the importance of ecosystem-based management considering biological and technical interactions of species those were excluded in the traditional single species fisheries management.