Large Number Of Sources Research Articles

Robot control architecture for autonomous sound source mapping

Acoustic imaging for the monitoring of industrial infrastructures remains a common feature to address numerous issues, such as diagnosing faults in rotating machinery or detecting gas leaks. Simultaneously, autonomous vehicles have emerged as a strong tool to automate various maintenance and diagnostic tasks, incorporating increasingly diverse sensors, including microphone arrays. The objective of this work is to present a new control strategy for an autonomous vehicle equipped with a microphone array, aimed at mapping its environment completely blindly. The system must be robust to background noise and to a wide range of sound levels from sources, in order to be effective in an industrial setting. The control strategy proposed in this preliminary work meets these expectations and allows for mapping a large number of sources in a noisy environment, with a wide range of sources sound levels. Its versatile approach allows adapting the localization algorithm used between MUSIC and constrained-MUSIC depending on the situation and acoustic environment, leveraging the information the robot will have collected during its measurement. Its performances are evaluated in a simulation study.

Sifting the debris: Patterns in the SNR population with unsupervised ML methods

Context. Supernova remnants (SNRs) carry vast amounts of mechanical and radiative energy that heavily influence the structural, dynamical, and chemical evolution of galaxies. To this day, more than 300 SNRs have been discovered in the Milky Way, exhibiting a wide variety of observational features. However, existing classification schemes are mainly based on their radio morphology. Aims. In this work, we introduce a novel unsupervised deep learning pipeline to analyse a representative subsample of the Galactic SNR population (~50% of the total) with the aim of finding a connection between their multi-wavelength features and their physical properties. Methods. The pipeline involves two stages: (1) a representation learning stage, consisting of a convolutional autoencoder that feeds on imagery from infrared and radio continuum surveys (WISE 22 μm, Hi-GAL 70 μm and SMGPS 30 cm) and produces a compact representation in a lower-dimensionality latent space; and (2) a clustering stage that seeks meaningful clusters in the latent space that can be linked to the physical properties of the SNRs and their surroundings. Results. Our results suggest that this approach, when combined with an intermediate uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) reprojection of the autoencoded embeddings into a more clusterable manifold, enables us to find reliable clusters. Despite a large number of sources being classified as outliers, most clusters relate to the presence of distinctive features, such as the distribution of infrared emission, the presence of radio shells and pulsar wind nebulae, and the existence of dust filaments.

Галло-римская аристократия на службе у варваров: к истории полководца Эвния Муммола

The article analyzes the life and career of Eunius Mummolus, a native of a Gallo-Roman family, famous for his generalship and participation in the speech of Gundowald. The main source of Mummol's biography is the "History of the Franks" by Gregory of Tours. The example of Eunius shows that career opportunities for Gallo-Romans were not limited to church service – the most famous because of the large number of sources of the "survival strategy" in post-Roman Gaul. In turn, the Frankish monarchs not only attracted the local nobility to govern, but also tried to follow the late Roman traditions.

The Nature of 500 micron Risers III: a small complete sample

ABSTRACT Herschel surveys have found large numbers of sources with red far-IR colours, and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) rising from 250 to 500 µm: 500 risers. The nature and role of these sources is not fully understood. We here present Submillimeter Array (SMA) interferometric imaging at 200 GHz of a complete sample of five 500 risers with F500 >44 mJy selected within a 4.5 deg2 region of the XMMLSS field. These observations can resolve the separate components of multiple sources and allow cross identification at other wavelengths using the extensive optical-to-IR data in this field. Of our five targets, we find that two are likely gravitationally lensed, two are multiple sources, and one an isolated single source. Photometric redshifts, using optical-to-IR data and far-IR/submm data, suggest they lie at redshifts $z \sim 2.5\!-\!3.5$. Star formation rates and stellar masses estimated from the SEDs show that the majority of our sources lie on the star-formation rate-stellar mass ‘main sequence’, though with outliers both above and below this relation. Of particular interest is our most multiple source, which consists of three submm emitters and one submm-undetected optical companion within a 7 arcsec region, all with photometric redshifts ∼3. One of the submm emitters in this group lies above the ‘main sequence’, while the optical companion lies well below the relation, and has an estimated stellar mass of $3.3 \pm 1.3 \times 10^{11}$ M$_{\odot }$. We suggest this object is a forming brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) in the process of accreting actively star forming companions.

A small-scale active anechoic chamber

This paper presents a solution method to suppress reflections from the walls in an anechoic room using active control, in which the control coefficients are obtained with an efficient algorithm. One of the main challenges in suppressing the reflections, is the estimation of the reflected sound field, which is a non-measurable quantity. The reflected sound field is computed using the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral with a set of microphones on a circle. The effectiveness of the method is shown on an experimental setup. The experimental setup is a small-scale version of an acoustic anechoic chamber. An anechoic chamber, with larger dimensions and higher frequencies, will result in a system with a relatively large number of sources and sensors. It is computationally expensive to find a set of control filters for larger-scale systems. The conjugate gradient algorithm using block-circulant preconditioning is an efficient method to solve for the optimal set of control filters. The preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm is used together with the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral. Real-time measurements show that the reflections are effectively suppressed, expressed in terms of the reverberation time. This results in a small-scale active anechoic chamber.

Eco-efficiency of hydrogen supply chains: NDEA-based approach

While there is a broad agreement in academia and the business community that hydrogen (H2) could significantly contribute to energy policy goals, there is no single shared vision of a sustainable hydrogen supply chain (HSC). The large number of sources for hydrogen production (various fossil fuels, biomass, water) and the different methods for extracting, distributing, and storing it make creating an efficient supply chain a challenge. The commonly used optimization techniques based on linear programming require a new mathematical problem to be formulated and solved for each case. Instead, this study aims to develop an innovative optimization approach for the hydrogen supply chain that does not require complete knowledge of the end-user hydrogen demand and applies to any region. Based on the Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) method, hybrid Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Value Sensitive Design (VSD) approach, the integral eco-efficiency indicator constructed by this approach is a weighted linear combination of economic parameters (CAPEX and OPEX) and environmental parameters (ecotoxicity, oxidation potential, eutrophication potential and climate change). The proposed approach has been tested on 22 different hydrogen supply chain options, confirming its efficiency and ability to inform national and international decision-making. For example, a pan-European decision support system could be based on continuously updated data from the EcoInvent database on environmental parameters of hydrogen production, storage, and transport technologies, and updated data on economic parameters from the European Hydrogen Observatory.

Divergence Profiles of Communication Processes between Latvia and Russia

The article, based on scientific literature and a large number of sources: sociological studies, various statistical and analytical materials, regulations, materials from mass media and social networks, provides an analysis of the deepening split in historically similar (according to G.Hofstede’s criteria) neighboring societies of Latvia and Russia. 12 groups of communications are considered that determine the content of the information space of Latvia in relation to Russia: foreign policy, economics, attitude towards Russia and Russians, education, science, culture, media, non-profit organizations, youth, religious and interreligious, freedom of movement, interregional communications. The results of the study show that Latvians and Russians are divided not so much by ethnic characteristics or the specifics of culture and traditions, but by their attitude to political history. At the same time, the negativization of the Russian state and Russians is undertaken mainly not by the population, but by the ruling political elite of Latvia, whose behavior is entirely determined by the interests of the countries of the Anglo-Saxon world. At the same time, the currently obvious divergence (divergence) in the development paths of historically similar societies that have been in the same civilizational space for centuries has led to differentiation in the manifestations of communication. Signs of an accelerating divergence in communication processes between Latvia and Russia are manifested in foreign policy communications, attitudes towards Russia and Russians, in culture, in the media and some other areas. Profiles of containing the divergence of communication processes – in religious and interreligious communications, youth, scientific communications, freedom of movement, etc. The results obtained allow us to hope with cautious optimism for the restoration of good-neighborly communication relations between Latvia and Russia in the foreseeable future.

THE CONCEPT OF A “LISTENING STATE TO THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE” : MECHANISMS FOR ESTABLISHING DIALOGUE BETWEEN THE STATE AND SOCIETY

In the modern conditions of the development of Kazakhstan's statehood, democracy is the most important constitutional value, and the main component of the legal reform was the adoption of the concept of a "Hearing State". The development of the hearing state is directly related to the activity of civil society, its participation in the process of making significant decisions. The relevance of this study is determined by the importance and role of the hearing state in the lives of citizens, the presence of voluminous normative material, the special novelty of the very formulation "hearing state" in constitutional and legal science. A large number of sources on the issues of the hearing state were analyzed, extensive work was carried out to search for source materials, and it was concluded that at the moment there are no studies on the formation and development of the hearing state in Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of this work is the empirical method of obtaining knowledge and the method of comparative jurisprudence. Thus, we have come to the conclusion that the category of "hearing state" has not been developed in constitutional and legal science. The theoretical development of this concept is necessary for a deep understanding of the patterns of development of the hearing state, the development of scientifically sound recommendations for the formation of a model of the state enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Онтолого-ориентированная геоаналитика для определения мест концентрации ДТП на участках улично-дорожной сети.

Geoanalytics is an important tool in analyzing the urban environment. This work focuses on the development of geoanalytics tools by ontology-oriented integration of information from heterogeneous sources to identify potentially accident-prone sections of the road network, which can be used to build routes along minimally dangerous roads. The heterogeneity of a large number of sources is caused by the variety of types of information provided, collected both centrally by road and emergency services, and distributed with the help of volunteers. The novelty of this work is the combination of heterogeneous sources of information in a single analytical system and conducting a geoanalysis of the frequency of accidents on individual road sections, determining the most frequent type and cause of accidents to build a route bypassing sections of the road network with a high concentration of accidents.

Astronomaly at scale: searching for anomalies amongst 4 million galaxies

ABSTRACT Modern astronomical surveys are producing data sets of unprecedented size and richness, increasing the potential for high-impact scientific discovery. This possibility, coupled with the challenge of exploring a large number of sources, has led to the development of novel machine-learning-based anomaly detection approaches, such as astronomaly. For the first time, we test the scalability of astronomaly by applying it to almost 4 million images of galaxies from the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey. We use a trained deep learning algorithm to learn useful representations of the images and pass these to the anomaly detection algorithm isolation forest, coupled with astronomaly’s active learning method, to discover interesting sources. We find that data selection criteria have a significant impact on the trade-off between finding rare sources such as strong lenses and introducing artefacts into the data set. We demonstrate that active learning is required to identify the most interesting sources and reduce artefacts, while anomaly detection methods alone are insufficient. Using astronomaly, we find 1635 anomalies among the top 2000 sources in the data set after applying active learning, including eight strong gravitational lens candidates, 1609 galaxy merger candidates, and 18 previously unidentified sources exhibiting highly unusual morphology. Our results show that by leveraging the human–machine interface, astronomaly is able to rapidly identify sources of scientific interest even in large data sets.

Long term studying of uranium and radium-226 activity in drinking water in some regions of Ukraine and assessment of corresponding hypotetical irradiation doses

The article summarizes the activity concentrations data of 226Ra and the sum of uranium isotopes (∑U) in samples of drinking underground water for different regions of Ukraine studied during 1998–2023 in the radiation monitoring laboratory of the State Institution "O.M. Marzieiev Institute of Public Health National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Arithmetic mean and standard deviations, minimum and maximum values for 226Ra and ∑U activity concentrations are presented for the entire 1240 sample set and for each region separately. Collected data show that the established state permissible level for drinking water of 1.0 Bq/l is exceeded for 226Ra in 1.1% of the studied samples, and for ∑U—in 3.9% correspondingly. The detected high levels of 226Ra and ∑U activity concentrations correspond to certain regions belonging to the Ukrainian crystalline shield territory. A comparison of the current data with the data of previous studies held during of 1989–1991 indicates a significant difference: for the previous studies the average and standard deviations are much higher. We attribute this to the fact that the centralized sampling of previous studies was random, and it was related exclusively to communal water supply systems. At the same time, the current sample set covers a much larger number of regions, different water consumers; the data set includes the results of repeated studies for a large number of sources, in particular, sources with purified water. Hypothetical exposure doses caused by consumption of 226Ra and ∑U in water for the current sample set were estimated for different age groups for each sample studied, as is, without taking into account the pattern of water consumption. The corresponding dose exceeds the WHO recommended value of 0.1 mSv per year for children under the age of one year for 220 cases (17.7%). This dose limit excess for other age groups corresponds—for children: aged 12–17 years—13.1%, aged 1–2 years—7.4%, 7–12 years old—5.6%, 2–7 years old—3.9% and for adults—4.1%.

The phenomenon of the human natural habitat through the prism of history and culture: Monograph “Terra Nipponica: Habitat and Imagination Environment” by Alexander Meshcheryakov

The monograph by A.N. Meshcheryakov “Terra Nipponica: Habitat and Environment of Imagination” focuses on the description of the Japanese people’s perception of their natural habitat. Analyzing a large number of sources from different historical eras, the author, for the first time in world Japanese studies, tried to consider the evolution of the Japanese views on nature throughout the history of the country. The focus of the work is the analysis of the environment, its size and quality, as well as an attempt to trace the influence of various natural disasters on the formation of a picture of the world. In addition, the monograph examines various models of nature, which are reflected in poetry, gardens, philosophical treatises, and journalism. Considerable attention is paid to the consideration of nature as a means of self-identification of the Japanese.

ACOUSTIC POLLUTION OF CITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN LIFE ACTIVITIES

The results of acoustic measurements and sociological studies indicate that the main source of acoustic pollution in cities is motor vehicles. About one in two city residents suffers from the noise it generates. Imperfect legislative and regulatory framework, lack of economic instruments to regulate acceptable levels of noise is the reason for the growth of acoustic pollution in cities. The most investigated is industrial noise, while the problem of urban street noise is less studied. It is very difficult to study street noise because this type of noise can originate from a large number of sources. The aim of the study was the measurement of noise pollution and its mode within two cities of different countries. In particular, it is the review of the processes of noise pollution impact on human health and the environment, analysis of the current state of noise pollution in urbanised territories, as well as the identification of modern mechanisms for solving noise pollution issues in urbanised territories. Research methods: field measurements of acoustic pollution levels, analysis, statistical processing of research results, generalisation. Measurements of the maximum level of sound were carried out with the help of FLUSET-965 device. Measurements were conducted according to the standard methodology. The dynamics of noise pollution in the streets of Holosievsky district of Kyiv in comparison with the streets of Cologne, Germany allows us to understand that the type of road surface, traffic intensity, organisation and composition of traffic flow has a significant impact on the level of noise pollution. The methods of calculation of the expected noise level of road transport can be taken as a basis for the selection of building-acoustic measures for protection of residential premises and public buildings from transport noise.

Genetic reasons for the migration of the local population bees in Uzbekistan

The article presents the genetic reasons for the emergence of a large number of sources in Uzbekistan, information on the increase of macro- and microelements in the body of migratory bees.

On the American style futures contracts

There is a large number of sources devoted to the American style options. On the other hand, the American futures contracts are understudied in the scientific literature. This motivated us to examine these instruments in comparison to the relevant options. Their optimal boundaries are obtained and a finite difference scheme is applied to the pricing problem. We consider separately the long and short positions.

Designing Water Inter-Plant Networks of Single and Multiple Contaminants through Mathematical Programming

Water is the meaning of life for humans, agricultural and industrial processes; controlling the distribution of water and wastewater between industrial processes is very vital for rationalizing water and preserving the environment. This paper addresses a mathematical approach to optimizing water inter-plant networks. The water network problem is formulated as a nonlinear program (NLP) that is solved by LINGO Software, version 14.0. A generalized two-step mathematical model is designed to be valid for solving networks containing large numbers of sources and sinks. The introduced model is proposed to be used for both single and multiple contaminant problems with up to six contaminants. Two mathematical models are presented to design water inter-plant networks efficiently. Firstly, the introduced model is solved by LINGO, in which the data given are applied; the obtained results are simultaneously sent to a second model (based on Excel Software 2019, v. 16.0), by which the obtained water networks are automatically drawn. The proposed approach has been applied in three case studies; the first case study contains five plants of single contaminants, the second case study contains three plants of single contaminants, and the third case study contains three plants of multiple contaminants. The results showed a noticeable reduction in the percentages of freshwater consumption in the investigated three case studies, which were 38.6, 4.74 and 8.64%, respectively, and the wastewater discharge of the three case studies were decreased by 38.1, 4.61 and 8.65%, respectively.

Изображения рыб на поливной византийской керамике XII–XIII веков. Стилистические группы

Introduction. The study of zoomorphic ornamental motifs on specific types of glazed ceramics is an important direction of Byzantine archeology. In this case, we will be interested in the images of fish that are found on some types of Byzantine glazed ceramics of the second half of 12th – second half of 13th century. Since the ceramic production of this group of vessels was a separate area, both the material and spiritual culture of the Byzantines, especially in the specified chronological period, it was chosen as the subject of research. The source base of the work is made up of all published and available materials of archaeological research, both Constantinople and the cities of the Byzantine provinces. Particular attention is paid to the correspondence of each of the highlighted images on a specific type of glazed ware to finds on the territory of medieval Taurica. Despite the publication of the material used, including the Crimean, these findings were not analyzed in the complex. Methods and materials. Standard methods of comparative stylistic analysis were used. Analysis. The use of a large number of sources allows for the first time to raise the question of the existence of several stylistic groups of fish within the same craft workshops. Results. The findings make it possible to distinguish five stylistic image groups and match them with two large groups of Byzantine glazed ceramics of Middle Byzantine Production, primarily Fine Sgraffito Ware and Incised Sgraffito or Aegean Ware. Images of fish on Cypriot ceramics are also briefly analyzed. The image of fish on the vessels of Italian workshops is a separate area of research and is not considered in the work.

Sound field visualization system by MVDR beamforming with augmented reality and point clouds

In previous research, we proposed an augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) system visualizing the sound field data measured by the beamforming method. Our system visualized the sound pressure as a colormap on the AR/MR device in real-time. Free viewpoint and visualization of a colormap along the spatial geometry observed by the AR/MR sensor enabled us to understand the location of the sound source. On the other hand, the spacial geometry information of the measurement space was used only for display purposes and not in the processing of sound source location estimation. And then the previous system displaying a flat colormap projected on the spatial geometry has not been able to make measurements that precisely in space. In this paper, we propose a sound field measurement and AR/MR visualization system using point cloud data acquired by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The MVDR (minimum variance distortionless response) beamforming calculates the beamforming output by using point cloud data. The sound sources are assumed to be located on point clouds, and the system allows fast localization of a large number of sources. In addition, it is possible to interpret the sound field in various ways based on the scattered sound pressure information. We show some basic experiments conducted in an anechoic chamber.

X-Ray Spectral Characterization of the Young Cygnus OB2 Population

We analyze the X-ray spectra of the ∼8000 sources detected in the Cygnus OB2 Chandra Legacy Survey (this focus issue), with the goals of characterizing the coronal plasma of the young low-mass stars in the region and estimating their intrinsic X-ray luminosities. We adopt two different strategies for X-ray sources for which more or less than 20 photons were detected. For the brighter sample we fit the spectra with absorbed isothermal models. In order to limit uncertainties, for most of the fainter Cygnus OB2 members in this sample we constrain the spectral parameters to characteristic ranges defined from the brightest stars. For X-ray sources with <20 net photons we adopt a conversion factor from detected photon flux to intrinsic flux. This was defined, building on the results for the previous sample, as a function of the 20% quantile of the detected photon energy distributions, which we prove to also correlate well with extinction. We then use the X-ray extinction from the spectral fits to constrain the ratio between optical and X-ray extinction toward Cyg OB2, finding it consistent with standard “Galactic” values, when properly accounting for systematics. Finally, we exploit the large number of sources to constrain the average coronal abundances of several elements, through two different ensemble analyses of the X-ray spectra of low-mass Cyg OB2 members. We find the pattern of abundances to be largely consistent with that derived for the young stellar coronae in the Orion Nebula Cluster.

Subverting Characters Stereotypes: Exploring the Role of AI in Stereotype Subversion

The Aim of this paper is to explore different ways of using AI to subvert stereotypes more efficiently and effectively. It will also enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, helping creators select the most appropriate method for their specific situations. AI opens up new possibilities, enabling anyone to effortlessly generate visually stunning images without the need for artistic skills. However, it also leads to the creation of more stereotypes when using large amounts of data. Consequently, stereotypes are becoming more prevalent and serious than ever before. Our belief is that we can use this situation in reverse, aiming to summarize stereotypes with AI and then subvert them through elemental exchange. In this study, we have attempted to develop a less time-consuming method to challenge character stereotypes while embracing the concept of "exchange." We selected two character archetypes, namely the "tyrant" and the "mad scientist," and summarized their stereotypes by generating AI images or asking ChatGPT questions. Additionally, we conducted a survey of real historical tyrants to gain insights into their behavior and characteristics. This step helped us comprehend the reasons behind stereotyping in artwork depicting tyrants. Based on this understanding, we made choices about which stereotypes to retain. The intention was to empower the audience to better evaluate the identity of the character. Finally, the two remaining character stereotypes were exchanged, and the design was completed. This paper documents the last and most time-consuming method. By examining a large number of sources and examining what stereotypical influences were used, we were able to achieve a greater effect of subverting stereotypes. The other method is much less time-consuming but somewhat more random. Whether one chooses by subjective experience or by the most frequent choices, there is no guarantee of the best outcome. In other words, it is the one that best guarantees that the audience will be able to quickly identify the original character and at the same time move the two characters the furthest away from the original stereotypical image of the original. In conclusion, if the designer has sufficient time, ai portrait + research or chatGPT + research can be chosen. If there is not enough time, the remaining methods can be chosen. The remaining methods take less time and the designer can try them all to get the desired result.