Large Information Bases Research Articles

Information-logical model of express analysis of the state of the enterprise that meets the requirements of standards and regulations, based on publicly available data

The last 10 years have witnessed an explosive growth in the volume of information posted on the Internet and the digital economy, as well as the formation of official databases of various public authorities. The availability of a large information base open for research has facilitated the development of new methods and approaches to solving analytical problems. Building management and decision-making support systems based on the use of united disparate open data sources allows end users to make the most effective decisions. This is the approach that underpins business growth and managerial maturity at all levels – there is no alternative. Such an approach ultimately creates the conditions for further growth of the economy as a whole. This paper proposes the information and logical model of express analysis of compliance of socio-economic condition of the enterprise with the regulatory requirements of the control and supervisory authorities on the basis of open, publicly available information. The conclusions drawn on the basis of express analysis serve as a basis for deciding on the need for a more detailed, in-depth analysis of the state of individual enterprises.

Сибирь в законодательном пространстве Российской империи (XVIII – начало XX в.): современный исследовательский подход

The review contains a description of the research within the framework of the concept of imperial regionalism, dedicated to the laws of the Russian Empire and their projection on Siberia. The study is based on a large information base and is based on a historical and legal approach, which made it possible to comprehensively evaluate government concepts that take into account the geopolitical features of the region.

Using a multi-method approach for decision-making about a sustainable local distributed energy system: A case study from Finland

Distributed energy systems (DESY) are used in many households as an alternative to conventional centralized energy production. While centralized energy production does offer certain advantages, there is growing interest in smaller distributed renewable energy production options. This study uses combines two different methodologies, namely life cycle assessment (LCA) and the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), to assess the sustainability of three energy scenarios, with the aim of finding the most sustainable combination of DESY options for a case municipality of approximately 220 inhabitants in Western Finland. The local production potentials of five renewable options: wind, small-scale hydropower, biogas, small-scale combined heat and power plants and photovoltaics (PV) were calculated after which the criteria for sustainability assessment were selected. Three scenarios were created to represent production mixes capable of meeting the electricity consumption needs of the area: 1) a non-biomass renewable energy option of wind power and hydro power, 2) hydropower combined with solar electricity and 3) a small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) plant with solar electricity. In addition, electricity production from biogas was used to bridge the gap between consumption and production in all three scenarios when needed. The values from the sustainability criteria were calculated by using LCA software database (GaBi 6.0) -information and literature values. Then the experts of the local energy production prioritized the sustainability criteria by pairwise comparisons resulting in valuations in sustainability assessment. The findings indicate that the application of two different methodologies strengthened the sustainability analysis and provided a large and relevant information base to support local decision-making in finding the optimally sustainable local DESY. In general, the results imply that scenario 1 with local hydropower and wind power has fewer negative impacts than other scenarios with PV and biomass utilization options. In the future, applying AHP in LCA may be useful in local sustainability assessment with stakeholder participation and in weighting other than environmental aspects of sustainability.

Application of GRIiN for climate resilient variety improvement

In the nearly 12,000 years of history of domestication of plants global climate has changed, it is now changing and shall continue to change. Man, ecosystem, plants and crops have been responding to this change through their fitness and survival. Post industrialization change in human activity often accelerated climate change faster than the biological adjustment. This drag in fitness of crops due to climate change is a complex phenomenon and is difficult to address. Genetics of fitness, survival and adaptation in crop plants is a grey area of knowledge. By selecting for stable economic yield across environment plant breeders have overcome the impact of changing weather. Ecological genetics and plant breeding need to focus on better root and water usage efficiency. In this changing context genetic resources are to be seen with renewed interest. Emphasis should also be to collect and document ecotypes of a given specie/variety. These ecotypes may have morphological overlap but may express new traits under varying conditions. Thus, a large global Information base is to be created on ecotypes to simulate and design ideotypes that may perform under a bunch of stress conditions. Innovation centric research in the area of new biology with a focus onepigenetics, microbe - root interaction studies etc may open new knowledge and tools to handle climate change. The present division of crop science into separate silos is proving to be counterproductive and resists the application of GRIiN (Genetics, Resources, Information, Innovation and New Biology) to climate change. Tryst with climate change poses a new opportunity for plant breeders to organize themselves as an inter-science

Social Engineering in Social Networking Sites: Phase-Based and Source-Based Models

Social networking sites (SNSs), with their large numbers of users and large information base, seem to be perfect breeding grounds for exploiting the vulnerabilities of people, the weakest link in security. Deceiving, persuading, or influencing people to provide information or to perform an action that will benefit the attacker is known as “social engineering.” While technology-based security has been addressed by research and may be well understood, social engineering is more challenging to understand and manage, especially in new environments such as SNSs, owing to some factors of SNSs that reduce the ability of users to detect the attack and increase the ability of attackers to launch it. This work will contribute to the knowledge of social engineering by presenting the first two conceptual models of social engineering attacks in SNSs. Phase-based and source-based models are presented, along with an intensive and comprehensive overview of different aspects of social engineering threats in SNSs.

Interactive Exploration of Multi-Dimensional and Hierarchical Information Spaces with Real-Time Preference Elicitation

Current proposals for preference-based information access seem to ignore that users should be acquainted with the information space and the available choices for describing effectively their preferences. Furthermore users rarely formulate complex preference or plain queries. The interaction paradigm of Faceted Dynamic Taxonomies FDT allows users to explore an information space and to restrict their focus without having to formulate queries. Instead the users can restrict their focus object set, or set of choices in general gradually through a simple set of actions, each corresponding to a more refined query formulated on-the-fly which can be enacted by a simple click. In this paper we extend this interaction paradigm with actions that allow users to dynamically express their preferences. The proposed model supports progressive preference elicitation, inherited preferences and scope-based resolution of conflicts over single or multi-valued attributes with hierarchically organized values. Finally we elaborate on the algorithmic perspective and the applicability of the model over large information bases.

A generic framework for the modeling of contexts and its applications

Large information bases that are used by several different users and applications accommodate the demands of their users more effectively, if they can be split into possibly overlapping fragments, called contexts. The latter allow one to focus attention on specific concerns such as topics, tasks, or user-views. This paper proposes a conceptual, generic framework for contexts supporting context-specific naming and representation of conceptual entities, relativized transaction execution, operations for context construction and manipulation, authorization, and change propagation. A partial validation of the framework is given by showing how specific topologies of contexts, associated with specific authorization and change propagation policies, result in design templates for modeling well-known applications such as modules, views and workspaces. Further, examples are used to illustrate how modifications of the templates lead to generalizations of these applications that better support specific applications, such as those calling for tight cooperative work. The context framework is aimed at providing a common kernel for the modeling of information base partitions in general and well-known notions such as views, workspaces, topics, versions and requirements engineering viewpoints, in particular.

Perspectives on World-Class Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs: ABSTRACT

A synthesis of geologic attributes and reservoir properties is provided for 41 carbonate petroleum fields. From throughout the world, 55 scientists developed detailed case studies of carbonate reservoirs ranging in age from Ordovician to Miocene and in size from 1.7 × 103 to 32.0 × 109 bbl initial oil in place (IOIP). The objective was to focus on the detailed depositional and diagenetic history of a significant number of carbonate reservoirs, and secondarily to characterize their petrophysical evolution and reservoir volumetrics. An attempt was made to develop a complete anatomy of each field, which includes among many other attributes: regional paleosetting, tectonics, entrapping facies, source rocks, reservoir dimensions, and fluid data. Using a chronological arrangement, broad trends through time become evident. A progression of reservoir types occurs through the Phanerozoic, from peritidal and subaerially exposed facies in Paleozoic examples, through a long-term sequence of shallow-shelf sands and reefs, to relatively deep-marine facies in the Cretaceous and Tertiary. These last range from periplatform debris flows to deep-shelf pelagic chalks and deep-basinal mixed lithofacies that have been diagenetically altered, mainly to dolomite. No trends are seen, however, in the occurrence of pinnacle or other reefs through the Phanerozoic. Many of the largest fields occur in Tertiary mobile belts and other regions affected by Tertiary tectonics, principally in carbonates of Cretaceous to Miocene age. Furthermore, at least nine of the largest fields owe their reservoir productivity largely to fracturing, and at least ten smaller fields involve some fracturing. In contrast, the great number and diversity of reservoirs of shallow-epeiric, platform, peritidal, and sabkha origins are also evident, with reserves between 70 and 700 × 106 bbl IOIP. Shallow reef-mound, atoll, or pinnacle reef fields of large magnitude, all in carbonates of phototropic, warm-water, marine origin, are common over structures, particularly those related to subjacent salt diapirs. Non-salt-supported shallow shelves and reefs have smaller fields of less than 200 × 106 bbl IOIP. Future requirements include much more knowledge about (1) the extent, diversity, and recognition of deep-marine carbonates; (2) the frequency, size, orientation, and contribution to reservoir productivity of fractures; and (3) a large information base, generated by postmortem studies of the vast number of reservoirs which are destined to become candidates for supplemental recovery methods. End_of_Article - Last_Page 148------------

Modelling Effects of Remedial Programs to Aid Great Lakes Environmental Management

Computer simulation of remedial programs was carried out employing a large and diverse information base on both point and nonpoint pollutant sources in the Great Lakes basin to provide a more holistic environmental management perspective. The process utilizes a cascading system of sub-basin unit area pollutant loads (classified by land use and land form), per capita municipal pollutant inputs, river transmission factors, and remedial program effectiveness, in terms of reduced loadings to the lakes and costs. It was employed by PLUARG (Pollution from Land Use Activities Reference Group) to determine scenarios of remedial programs which apparently were practicable and would achieve target lake loads of phosphorus most cost-effectively. The analysis, presented here for Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and southern Lake Huron, provides a means of evaluating the effectiveness of various remedial program options to fulfill commitments by Canada and the United States to load reductions for these lakes. The methodology can be extended to other pollutants as sufficient data become available to permit a suitable degree of resolution for management decisions.