Large-group Training Research Articles

Strength and Conditioning for British Soldiers

With advances in strength and conditioning, a review of physical training within the British army would be beneficial. Military personnel experience high injury rates and medical attrition, affecting military capability. This may be due to inappropriate progression of exercise intensity and volume, leading to overuse injuries. To mitigate this, we advise a reduced running volume and greater emphasis on interval training, along with more strength and power training in line with the demands of a modern military and the various vocational tasks performed by soldiers. For ecological validity and practical considerations, recommendations are based on large group training and minimal resources.

Building capacity for evidence-informed decision making in Canadian public health

Methods We used case study methodology and tailored the intervention and analysis to each unique case (i.e. health department). An experienced Knowledge Broker supported each case through a variety of strategies: large-group training with front-line staff; one-on-one consultation with specialists, guiding them through a structured EIDM process; and advice to management on organizational policies and procedures. Data were collected prior to, during, and following the intervention via an online survey (demographic information, self-reported EIDM behaviours, and social networks) and in-person assessment (EIDM knowledge and skills).

Functional Assessment Based Parent Intervention in Reducing Children’s Challenging Behaviors: Exploratory Study of Group Training

This study examined the effects of group parent training on children’s challenging behaviors in home settings. Eight parents of young children with challenging behaviors were trained in a large group setting on using functional assessment to design interventions that fit the strengths and needs of individual families. The training included information sharing and collaborating with parents on designing functional-assessment based interventions. An Interrupted Time Series Design was used to examine the effects of large group training by comparing parent and child behaviors prior to intervention with behaviors after the intervention. Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results indicated that group training increased parents’ ability to implement functional assessment based strategies and these strategies resulted in a significant reduction in children’s challenging behaviors. Furthermore, parent implementation of functional assessment based strategies and children’s decreased levels of challenging behaviors were maintained after the completion of the intervention.

Development of New Modules for the EUS Phantom (EUS RK Model): Evaluation by Six EUS Experts

Introduction: The learning curve for endoscopic ultrasound is quite long and few centers have adequate patient numbers and teaching staff to meet the manpower needs for EUS. We reported the efficacy of the EUS phantom (EUS RK model) specially designed for EUS as well as EUS-FNA (Gastrointest Endosc 2002 56(4) S143). New modules have been desired to simulate the other organs with more reality. Methods: As previously reported, An EUS phantom was developed using custom made silicon form (ATS Laboratories, CT, USA) into which a swine esophagus and stomach is placed. The stomach is then surrounded by agar. Grapes are embedded into the agar to simulate LN and a rubber tube connected to a pump is placed along the esophagus to simulate the aorta. As new modules, Herring roe was chosen to simulate pancreas. As celiac axis, small caliber plastic tube was connected with “pseudo” aorta. As celiac plexus, two pieces of bread with iodine were placed adjacent to the celiac axis, and also as the injected material, sodium thiosulfate was chosen, which take off the brownish color of iodine. The effect of the injected material was visualized enndosonographically as well as under the direct view. The model was evaluated by six experienced EUS trainers (KM, RH, AS, GZ, KB, VR). Each evaluation point was scored from 1 to 5 out of 5 (bad, fair, good, very good, excellent): A) Feeling at scope manipulation; B) Visualization of pseudo-lymph node with radial and curvi-linear array; echoendoscope; C) Visualization of pseudo-pancreas with radial and curvi-linear array Echoendoscope; D) Visualization of plastic tube with pumping system with pulsed and color Doppler function; E) Visualization of “pseudo” celiac axis with Doppler function; F) Visualization of “pseudo” celiac plexus for celiac plexus injection; G) Feasibility of FNA for pseudo-lymph node; H) Overall “simulation” of EUS and EUS-FNA. Results: The scores were as follows (median, range): Conclusion: The new modules for this model were well received by EUS experts experienced in teaching EUS and EUS-FNA. This model would be suitable for relatively large group training as well as live demonstration in case that no patients are available. This model has potential to serve as a supplement for newly developing EUS devices. The further development of new modules will be necessa.

A Participatory Organizational and Training Strategy for the Self-management Sector: A Case Study of Action-research in Peru

This article deals with two related aims and corresponding areas. The first part deals with the historical and socioeconomic conditions behind the development of self-management in Peru and Latin America in the post-war period and its expansion in the 1970s. In this way, the first part contextualizes the second part, which describes a concrete experience with a worker-owned and run enterprise in Lima, Peru, between 1978 and 1979. At Texoro, a textile enterprise whose workers had gained legal control of the machinery and equipment after its previous private owners had declared bankruptcy, an organizational and training strategy was implemented, along participatory lines. The latter included the following three components: (1) large group training into democratic forms of deliberation and decision-making, (2) the formation of small self-help peer groups and (3) the provision of individualized psychological/ counselling services for workers and employees, on a voluntary basis. Given the multi-problem or crisis situation which was diagnosed by the researcher/trainer as afflicting workers at Texoro in 1978, when the pilot project was undertaken, training courses of a specific content were postponed until 1979. The results of the organizational and training strategy explored during one year at Texoro were rather promising and suggestive. By late 1979, the levels of democratic deliberation and decision-making, including social control by the majority of workers of existing patterns of elitism, had been considerably improved at the general assembly level. The experience with the small self-help peer groups had increased the levels of solidarity and group morale. Finally, the counselling/psychological support provided to the workers evidenced two things: firstly, the existence of psychological problems ranging from light to severe, in many of the workers interviewed, which would interfere with the productive and organizational areas of the enterprise. Secondly, it pointed to the lack of mental health care services available to this Econonfic atnd Industrial DemnocracY (SAGE, London, Newbury Park and New Delhi), Vol. 12 (1991), 119-135. 120ELconoioc (t1(d Industridl Detnocract' neglected section of the population. Channelling the services and research of mental health practitioners, such as psychologists. psychiatrists and social workers, to worker-owned and run enterprises. is suggested as one means towards resolving this severe aspect oi working life in Latin America.

The effects of large group training on facilitative interpersonal communication

The effects of large group training on facilitative interpersonal communication