Large Funds Research Articles

HAMBATAN IMPLEMENTASI KOMUNIKASI ILMIAH AKSES TERBUKA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Barriers to the implementation of open access globally need to be studied further using a systematic review. The purpose of this study is to look at the barriers from various countries in implementing open access. This study uses a systematic review method with a qualitative approach. The data collection method is in the form of planning, implementation, and synthesis of search results. This study uses Google Scholar to capture all research on implementing scientific communication with open access in the global realm. The search results on Google Scholar using Boolean logic found 273 articles. After the elimination process based on research objectives became 16 articles. This study shows that the biggest obstacle in implementing open access is the perception of the researchers (33.3%) which indicates that the quality of open access journals is less guaranteed, that is, many of them fall into the category of predatory journals. In addition, another obstacle identified was policy (25.6%). The government or stakeholders must make policies that regulate the standards for the quality of open access journals, the editorial board, and the time intervals for publishing journals. Other obstacles include financial factors where many researchers have minimal research funds but open access publications require large funds (23.1%), followed by copyright (10.3%) and language (7.7%) because not all researchers are fluent in English. The results of this study can be used as a reference for further research in assessing the obstacles that have also been happened in Indonesia.

FOOD SAFETY EDUCATION BY EVALUATING GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES FOR THE HOME INDUSTRY OF PROCESSED PALM FRUIT IN HENDROSARI GRESIK

Hendrosari village has great potential to develop business activities, especially in food and baverage of processed palm fruit as regional characteristic business from the Lontar Sewu Tourism Village area. The government through the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency stipulates a guideline or regulation on Good Food Production Methods for Home Industries usually called Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) so that the quality of the food products produced not only has good nutritional value, but also safe and suitable for consumption. This study aims to educate the implementation of GMP in home industry that producing processed palm fruit. The method used to deliver the material was a focus group discussion consisting of entrepreneurs and village officials. The material presented was about food product regulation and food safety, food control, product packaging and storage and how to use safe additive. Thirty participants took part in the education activities. After participating in the activity, participants' knowledge increased. Participants were better able to identify the shortcomings of implementing food safety from their businesses. Most of the enterpreneurs have not implemented good manufacturing practices perfectly considering that their businesses are classified as small businesses. Enterpreneurs found it difficult to provide standard buildings and facilities according to GMP guidelines because they required large fund. A non-standard place of labor will affect the flow and production process that the possibility of contamination of raw materials and finished products is still high. The way to minimize the presence of contaminants, participants were willing Participant committed to improving maintenance and sanitation programs and carrying out monitoring process. Entrepreneurs and stakeholders were aware of the importance of implementing GMP as a consumer right and being able to increase product competitiveness. They were committed to improving food safety practices by forming a village food safety supervisory team. Participants hope that food safety education and monitoring activities can be carried out regularly.

The Implementation of Risk Management, Internal Control Systems, and Audits’ Role’s Effects on Credit Policy

Background: The current government expects progress in economic equality and national development. In national development will certainly require very large funds, therefore the role of the bank is absolute.Aim: This research aims to analyze the influence of risk management, the effectiveness of internal control systems, and the role of internal audits on credit policy.Method: This study uses survey methods from the results of previous research. The testing method is done using multiple linear regression causal analysis.Findings: The results of this study show that the role of risk management, internal control systems and internal audits has an influence on credit policy.

Providing Nursing Home Care in an Era of Increasing Scarcity: The Case of Pennsylvania

Medicaid financing of nursing home (NH) care provides the strongest safety net for low income older adults, persons who have high-intensity long-term care (LTC) needs, and consumers with exorbitant LTC costs. Yet, NHs currently face serious threats to their financial viability, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, where the costs of caring for residents in a safe way have increased significantly, even as the ability to recoup these costs from the Medicaid program has been constrained. The purpose of this study is to assess key demand and supply factors affecting the performance of the NH industry in Pennsylvania over time. It draws from several large, national data sources, including NH Compare, LTCFocus.org, the U.S. Bureaus of the Census and Labor Statistics, and Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports, as well as state-level population projections and Departments of Health and Human Services data. An aggregate database was constructed with historical data points at the facility, regional, and state level. Annual total and regional trends were examined from 2010 to 2020. Findings suggest a growing gap between what NHs require to meet the needs of residents and the level of reimbursement paid by the largest funder: Medicaid. Considering demographic trends, this gap will only grow over time in the absence of policy change. The pandemic has further highlighted the existing challenges resulting from an underfunded service infrastructure and the need for additional investment if NHs are to provide high quality care to a growing cohort of older adults requiring support.

Dampak Alokasi Anggaran Dana Desa (DD) Terhadap Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Indonesia

This study aims to examine the impact of village budget allocations on poverty levels in Indonesia. By using case studies as the basis for research, literature studies as the basis for collecting data, and using the main references from previous studies related to the impact of village funds and poverty. The data used in this study is secondary data from 2015-2019 which includes APBN data (balancing funds), Village Fund Allocation (DD), and poverty data. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative, which aims to explain the facts by using comparison and trend analysis (tables and graphs), used to analyze the relationship between village allocation funds and poverty.
 The results showed that the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) disbursed by the central government was 259.2 trillion in a period of 5 years (2015-2019) only reducing the poverty rate by 1.72%. In addition, the village funds disbursed did not have a significant impact. The allocation of such a large Village Fund (ADD) should be able to significantly reduce the poverty rate, which is not seen in the research that has been done.

Intermediation in the interbank lending market

We examine systemic risk in the interbank market. We first establish that in the German interbank lending market, a few large banks intermediate funding flows between many smaller periphery banks. We then develop a network model in which banks trade off the costs and benefits of link formation. The model is structurally estimated using banks’ preferences as revealed by the observed network structure before the Great Financial Crisis. In out-of-sample tests, model estimates based on pre-crisis data successfully predict changes in the network structure and lending to firms during the Great Financial Crisis. Finally, for each of the intermediaries, we quantify systemic risk and the impact of European Central Bank funding in reducing this risk.

Do Invasive Mammal Eradications from Islands Support Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation?

Climate change represents a planetary emergency that is exacerbating the loss of native biodiversity. In response, efforts promoting climate change adaptation strategies that improve ecosystem resilience and/or mitigate climate impacts are paramount. Invasive Alien Species are a key threat to islands globally, where strategies such as preventing establishment (biosecurity), and eradication, especially invasive mammals, have proven effective for reducing native biodiversity loss and can also advance ecosystem resilience and create refugia for native species at risk from climate change. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that successful eradications may also contribute to mitigating climate change. Given the cross-sector potential for eradications to reduce climate impacts alongside native biodiversity conservation, we sought to understand when conservation managers and funders explicitly sought to use or fund the eradication of invasive mammals from islands to achieve positive climate outcomes. To provide context, we first summarized available literature of the synergistic relationship between invasive species and climate change, including case studies where invasive mammal eradications served to meet climate adaptation or mitigation solutions. Second, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and eradication-related conference proceedings to identify when these synergistic effects of climate and invasive species were explicitly addressed through eradication practices. Third, we reviewed projects from four large funding entities known to support climate change solutions and/or native biodiversity conservation efforts and identified when eradications were funded in a climate change context. The combined results of our case study summary paired with systematic reviews found that, although eradicating invasive mammals from islands is an effective climate adaptation strategy, island eradications are poorly represented within the climate change adaptation and mitigation funding framework. We believe this is a lost opportunity and encourage eradication practitioners and funders of climate change adaptation to leverage this extremely effective nature-based tool into positive conservation and climate resilience solutions.

Does Corruption and Government Regulation Matter to Foreign Portfolio Investment: Evidence from Asian and the European Union Countries

Economic integration in various countries impacts fluctuations in and out of capital and multiple economic cooperation between countries. The investment that is one form of implementation of economic integration positively influences a country's capital reserves. The study analyzed the influence of macroeconomic variables and proxied institutions with corruption variables and government regulations on foreign portfolio investment fluctuations in the twenty Asian and EU countries with the largest funds flows. The data used in this study is a data panel with a period from 2002-2019. The analysis method used in this study uses two methods at once, namely the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) and the Panel Vector Error Correction Model (PVECM), to analyze the cost of the analysis results. The study found that macroeconomic instruments projected with GDP variables had a positive and significant influence on foreign portfolio investments, while exchange rate variables negatively affected foreign portfolio investments. Important findings in this study that corruption consistently negatively and significantly affects foreign portfolio investments are based on both GMM test results and PVECM tests in the long term. In contrast, the results of PVECM tests in the short term do not have any macroeconomic variables or institutions that significantly affect foreign portfolio investment. This means that investors' consideration in investing in Asian countries and Europe is based on a long-term perspective than on short-term economic dynamics. In addition, regulatory variables have a positive and significant effect on foreign investment portfolios in twenty Asian countries and the European Union with the largest portfolio investment fund flow.

A corruption risk indicator for public procurement

This article develops an original corruption risk indicator at the procurement level through a flexible and replicable methodology. A two-stage approach first estimates the potential waste score for each contract by employing a data envelopment analysis before isolating corruption from inefficiency by regressing waste scores on inefficiency determinants. This methodology is applied to Italian public works data for the period 2007 to 2017. Several validation tests testify to the robustness of the indicator, identifying actual corruption cases and demonstrating a significant correlation with a wide range of corruption indices available for Italy at the provincial and regional levels. Notwithstanding its usage as a risk-based assessment at the contract level, this indicator can also be used as a reputational instrument to assess contracting authorities and track their performance, conduct an evaluation of large funding programs, and support the enactment of risk-based audits.

Menakar Kinerja Keuangan dengan Menggunakan Rasio Solvabilitas

This study aims to measure the financial performance of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk’s 2015-2019 financial statements using the solvency ratio. The method in this research is quantitative. The subjects in this study were the financial statements of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk for the years 2015-2019 using the solvency ratio. The results of this study indicate that the assessment of financial performance at PT AKR Corporindo Tbk, for debt to asset ratio is considered not good because it exceeds the industry average standard set, for debt to equity ratio is considered healthy even though it exceeds the industry average standard, because large funds are obtained from short-term debt, namely debt business, and the long term debt to equity ratio is also considered good because it is below the industry average standard. The results of this study indicate that the solvency ratio at PT AKR Corporindo Tbk has decreased and increased based on industry standards.

Does road accessibility to cities support rural population growth? Evidence for Portugal between 1991 and 2011

AbstractMotorways in Portugal received large scale funding after the country joined the European Union in 1986, making it an ideal case to study the effect of road accessibility on the development of lagging rural areas. We investigate the relationship between rural population change and road accessibility to the urban hierarchy between 1991 and 2011. We find that rural population growth is negatively associated with increased road distance and travel time to cities, notably to medium‐sized cities (20,000–99,999 inhabitants). There is no evidence of nonlinearities in the effect of proximity to the urban hierarchy between accessible and remote rural areas.

Sheet metal technology and production – a look at ambitions and trends

In the 21st century, sheet metal production is developing on the basis of improving existing technologies and introducing innovations in the production of thick and thin sheet of the III and IV metallurgical processing. And this is accompanied by an increase in requirements for quality indicators and an increase in production costs. This prompted the research and development of developments in the production process, as well as in the automated control system and automated control system systems, aimed at improving the quality of metal products, increasing the productivity of equipment and reducing energy consumption. Large funds were allocated to solve problems related to reducing the harm caused to the environment. The introduction of modern process automation systems and the growing possibilities of using digital technologies for the production and technological processes of metallurgical production significantly help to solve the problems posed to the distributors. Modern trends in the development of technology and production, construction of mills for the production of sheet metal are considered.

Gender-equal funding rates conceal unequal evaluations

Previous studies have found little or no systematic differences in the rates at which female and male scientists are awarded funding in international grant competitions. However, past investigations have only studied outcomes, not the preceding scoring and selection process. We propose that common grant review practices–such as panel deliberations, score binning, and interview assessments–allow unequal evaluations to be corrected while staying within a framework of merit-based review. We analyzed unique data from a large funding competition, the Netherlands’ Organization for Scientific Research's Talent Program, including reviewer and panel evaluation scores of both funded and unfunded proposals. We replicate prior research demonstrating gender equity in funding outcomes. At the same time, we find that men received higher evaluation scores, consistent with our argument. This gender difference is counteracted by panels funding women with lower scores than men's, redistributing 64 million euro back to women that would otherwise have gone to men. Our study thus reveals that female scientists are more poorly evaluated than their male counterparts in spite of what equality in outcome statistics might suggest.

The Effectiveness and the Contribution of Regional Taxes for Regional Original Income in Ex-Karesidenan Madiun

The establishment and regional development require the availability of large funds; therefore, it is necessary to maximize the sources of regional acceptance. The region of East Java West that has a potential source of regional income that is quite a lot derived from regional tax funds that function to be able to further improve the system and mechanism of development of autonomous regions. The focus of this research is knowing the effectiveness and contribution of regional taxes on regional indigenous revenue. This research was conducted in the local government of the ex-karesidenan Madiun. The data used in this research is secondary data. Data is analysed quantitatively. The Data was analysed by using tax effectiveness analysis, analysis of tax contributions, and then classified based on the effectiveness and contribution of local taxes. The result of regional tax effectiveness assessment can be concluded that the regional tax effectiveness for three years shows maximum results with very effective criteria, because of the effect given to the targets that want to was declared more than 100%. Local tax contributions can be concluded that regional tax contributions to indigenous revenue in the Western East Java region for three years contributed to the criteria of 20%-30% of the regional original revenue. The highest regional tax in the year 2015 – 2017 is found by the Revenue Board of Kota Madiun. While the lowest level of regional tax contribution in 2015-2016 is on the local revenue board of Ngawi and in 2017 is on the Regional Revenue Board of Ponorogo.

Slow tourism, public funding and economic development. A critical review on the case of the Way of St. James in Galicia

The analysis of the economic dimension relating to the Way of St. James is confronted in a double reflection. On the one hand, the intention is to reconstruct the public funds that have supported the project to relaunch the Way over the years. On the other hand, we discuss one of the impacts of the route on the territory - that relating to economic development following the “second coming” of tourism. The analysis of both aspects shows rather unexpected results. In the first case it is shown how slow tourism projects can be real priority axes on which to concentrate large public funds. The second calls into question the effective ability of a path, albeit with significant tourist flows, to activate demographic recovery and to improve economic conditions. However, the need is discussed to investigate the question in greater detail which, if analyzed in the various parts, really shows the importance, not only economic, that the process of development of the Way has entailed for the territory it passes through.

Grants, Funding, Awards and Recognition in Healthcare Innovation

For an idea to be validated, prototyped and tested, adequate financial planning plays a major role in the long journey of the idea from the brains to the market. There are various ways of getting funds for the startup. The founders usually start with their own money from their savings or some borrowings from family and friends which is called bootstrapping and is very common and crucial, akin to doctors starting their own clinics and small nursing homes. As they start to grow, large funds are needed in the early stage to set the foot firm with the help of an angel investor/ seed investor which is like starting a full-fledged hospital. The Venture capitalist comes in at a stage when the idea is proven and started with operations, early-stage customers and has a major potential to expand, just like when more branches of hospitals are planned. Private equity companies and investment banks are those who are keen to invest in companies who have proved themselves beyond doubt with strong leadership in the market and are looking for a major return on investment by making the company bigger, which is like planning a pan India network of the hospital chain. These investments happen multiple times or rounds at various stages of the company usually termed series A to series D or E and ultimately leading to the Initial Public Offering when it goes public from private holding. This funding journey is a well-planned effort quite specific to the investment stage, investor type, and their preferences. The recognition of the startups and their ideas plays a major role in them reaching to market and access to funding opportunities. The funding and national recognition from various govt. and private agencies such as BIRAC, FICCI, NASSCOM, Wellcome trust, and Villgro and international agencies such as CAMTech, Bill and Melinda gates foundation, Grand Challenges Canada, Stanford, and Harvard gives the much needed attention from the potential investors and is a major advantage which should be utilized well. Social media recognition plays a major role in recent times which has the potential to make an innovation “viral” and reach millions of customers and make relevant investors and govt. agencies notice, which can be a huge breakthrough for the company if the innovation has a social impact. We would like to make this article more practical, experiential, and contextual for better connect with pediatrician colleagues.

The Effect of Competence and Compensation of Early Childhood Teachers on the Performance of Early Childhood Teachers in the City of Pematang Siantar

Educational institutions need teachers who are competent or capable of teaching and carrying out their duties as educators and able to manage their work as well as possible in order to achieve the desired results for students. Compensation is an important factor and a challenge for many organizations to maintain and attract human resources. Different organizations compete for quality human resources because the quality of work is determined by the skills of its human resources. This reason causes many organizations to devote relatively large funds to developing their human resources so that they have the skills that match their needs. All teachers are entitled to a good income, including honorary and non-PNS teachers, including salary and allowances. Article 14 of the law on teachers and lecturers stipulates that all teachers are entitled to a decent income above the minimum subsistence. Providing fair and proper compensation will improve teacher performance so that they can carry out their duties properly.

Surveillance and care for confirmed and suspected patients with COVID-19 in general practice (CovidCare): study protocol for an observational trial

BackgroundA SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead from asymptomatic through to critical disease in a dynamic and unpredictable course within a few days. The challenge in outpatient monitoring the highly contagious COVID-19 disease during the ongoing pandemic is to filter severe courses followed by admission to hospital with the aim of preventing an overburdening of clinics. However, little is known of the effect of risk factors on the course of the infection of outpatient patients. To support general practices in managing high risk patients, we designed a COVID-19 surveillance and care tool (CovidCare). It includes an initial assessment of yet known risk factors and symptoms and a continuous telephone monitoring of signs and symptoms. This study aims to investigate the effects of different risk factors on the course of the COVID-19 disease, utilisation of different health care services and to gain insights into the utilisation of CovidCare in general practices.MethodsWe will conduct a multi-centered prospective, longitudinal non-controlled observational trial of COVID-19 patients in general practices. Overall, 700 GPs who participate in general-practice centered care by the AOK Baden-Württemberg (large German sickness fund) are eligible and will be invited for study participation, including adult, outpatient COVID-19 patients (or urgent suspicion and ≥ 50 years) with at least one additional known risk factor, who participate in general-practice centered care. The primary outcome is hospitalisation due to COVID-19. Secondary outcomes are diagnosis of pneumonia, utilisation of palliative care, mortality rate, anxiety and identification of predictive risk factors. Quantitative data analysis will focus on valid descriptive figures and mixed regression models. The accompanying process evaluation is based on interviews and questionnaires from general practice staff and patients. The analysis of the process evaluation is descriptive and explorative.DiscussionThe use of the COVID-19 surveillance and care tool is expected to encourage the provision of structured quality of care during the ongoing pandemic. This trial will provide an understanding of the COVID-19-disease and the effect of several risk factors on the course of the disease and health care utilisation. The results can be used for a better management of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences.Trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00022054.

The Utility of Circulating and Imaging Biomarkers Alone and in Combination in Heart Failure.

Clinical trials in the treatment of heart failure have relied on the use of a composite of hard clinical endpoints to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment arm. This has led to prolonged trials requiring large patient cohorts and extensive funding to reach statistical significance.In this paper, we have explored the potential of currently available circulating and imaging biomarkers associated with heart failure as a surrogate for hard clinical end points in clinical trials. This would be expected to result in shorter trials, smaller patient cohorts and limited funding required. We have subsequently theorized on combining circulating and imaging biomarkers as a surrogate for clinical end points such as hospitalization from heart failure and cardiac mortality.

Correlation between Age, Nodule Diameter, and TI-RADS Score in Thyroid Nodule Classification on Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Thyroid cancer is a malignancy of the endocrine gland with the highest incidence. There are many radiological examination modalities that are used to help diagnose thyroid carcinoma, one of which is Ultrasonography. Ultrasonography (USG) can be useful to support the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy. A classification method that categorizes thyroid nodules based on risk for cancer, one of which is by using the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS). TI-RADS (Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System) is a classification of thyroid ultrasound readings to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Several research efforts that have been done at Dr. Soetomo Hospital previously related to diagnostic of thyroid carcinoma but the results are meaningless and require large funds for the laboratory examination. The aim of this study is to make a relatively easy and inexpensive method using the TI-RADS classification, which is expected to assist in the preoperative diagnostics of a follicular thyroid carcinoma. It is hoped that there will be a method or modality that is easier, cheaper, accurate, and minimally invasive in predicting a follicular thyroid carcinoma. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included patients with thyroid mass who underwent treatment in Surgery Department, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital between January 2012 and December 2020. In this study, we utilized the patients’ medical record to collect the necessary clinical data. The inclusion criteria in this study were patients with singular thyroid nodule, underwent thyroid ultrasound, and diagnosed as follicular nodular carcinoma by histopathology examination. Finally, a total of 53 patients were included for further analysis. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital (Surabaya, Indonesia). Results: From a total of 53 research subjects, the subjects with the most age were more than 50 years old with a percentage of 52.8% or 28 patients and the rest, 47.2% or 25 patients. The results of this study indicates that nodule diameters less than 5 cm and more than 5 cm have almost the same number based on the number of data samples in this study, namely 53 patients. This can be seen from the number of respectively 27 (50.9%) and 26 (49%). In the TIRADS nodule score, the largest percentage obtained from medical data records in the form of a TIRADS score, namely a TIRADS score greater than TR 4 with a percentage of 60.4% or as many as 32 patients and the rest, namely a TIRADS score less than TR 4 of 39.6% or as much as 21 patients. In the third dependent variable, the authors looked for the odd ratio value for each variable on follicular carcinoma. The authors calculated the OR values ​​for each variable, obtaining results of 1.012 for age, 1.111 for nodule size, and 3.520 for TIRADS scores. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the TIRADS scores with the incidence of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Keywords: Thyroid cancer, TIRADS, Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma.