Large Flat Screen Research Articles

Exercise Responses During Outdoor Versus Virtual Reality Indoor Arm+FES-Leg Cycling in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: Virtual reality (VR)-enhanced indoor hybrid cycling in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) can be comparable to outdoor hybrid cycling. Method: Eight individuals with chronic thoracic-lesion SCI performed voluntary arm and electrically assisted leg cycling on a hybrid recumbent tricycle. Exercises were conducted outdoors and indoors incorporating VR technology in which the outdoor environment was simulated on a large flat screen monitor. Electrical stimulation was applied bilaterally to the leg muscle groups. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, energy expenditures, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion were measured over a 30-minute outdoor test course that was also VR-simulated indoors. Immediately after each exercise, participants completed questionnaires to document their perceptual-psychological responses. Results: Mean 30-minute VO2 was higher for indoor VR exercise (average VO2-indoor VR-exercise: 1316 ± mL/min vs. outdoor cycling: 1255 ± 53 mL/min; highest VO2-indoor VR-exercise: 1615 ± 67 mL/min vs. outdoor cycling: 1725 ± 67 mL/min). Arm and leg activity counts were significantly higher during indoor VR-assisted hybrid functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling than outdoors; 42% greater for the arms and 23% higher for the legs (P < 0.05). Similar responses were reported for exercise effort and perceptual-psychological outcomes during both modes. Conclusion: This study proposes that combining FES and VR technology provides new opportunities for physical activity promotion or exercise rehabilitation in the SCI population, since these modes have similar "dose-potency" and self-perceived effort. Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Sydney Ref. No. 01-2010/12385.

Collaboration around Multi-touch Spherical Displays: A Field Study at a Science Museum

Multi-touch spherical displays that enable groups of people to collaboratively interact are increasingly being used in informal learning settings such as museums. Prior research on large flatscreen displays has examined group collaboration patterns in museum settings to inform the design of group learning experiences around these displays. However, previous research has shown differences in how users conceptualize interacting with spherical and flatscreen displays, thereby making it important to separately investigate how groups naturally collaborate around spherical displays in a museum setting. The spherical form factor of the display affords new forms of collaboration: unlike flatscreen displays, spherical displays do not have a definite front or center, thus intrinsically creating both shared and private touch interaction areas on the display based on users' viewing angles or physical arrangements. We conducted a 5-day long field study at a local science museum during which 571 visitors (370 adults and 201 children) in 211 groups interacted with a walk-up-and-use collaborative learning application showing global science data visualizations, on a multi-touch spherical display. We qualitatively analyzed groups' natural collaboration patterns including their physical arrangements (F-formations), their collaboration profiles (e.g., turn-taker or independent), and the nature of group discussion around the display. Our results show that groups often engaged in both independent as well as closely collaborative group explorations when interacting around the sphere: physical spacing between group members around the sphere was strongly linked to the way groups collaborated. It was less common for group members to make and accept suggestions or coordinate touch interactions when they did not share the same fields-of-view or touch interaction space with each other around the sphere. We discuss implications for supporting group collaboration in this context which will inform the design of future walk-up-and-use multi-touch spherical display applications for use in public settings.

Improvement of Filed Curvature Aberration in a Projector Lens by Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm With Damped Least Square Optimization

This paper improves the filed curvature aberration (FCA) in a projector lens by using a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) with damped least square (DLS) optimization. A modern projector lens still exposes its rays on a large flat screen to form the image, with the result that the FCA is one of the key aberrations dominating the image quality. Most commercial optical software applies the DLS optimization focus on the minimum spot size to optimize the lens, simultaneously making the FCA hard to improve. Merging the GA optimization can involve the FCA in the optimization process. As a result, using the hybrid GA with DLS optimization not only effectively suppresses the FCA but also remarkably enhances the image resolution in a projector lens design.

A loudspeaker design for sound image localization on large flat screens

Most multimedia applications involving auditory displays for digital video contents rely on audio signal processing and conventional stereo loudspeakers to create sound images on the screens. Although a number of examples of these techniques have been reported in the literature showing successful results for narrow listening areas, it seems that the configuration of the loudspeakers plays a significant role when correct sound image localization is desired at wider sound fields. This paper presents a new loudspeaker design that enhance the localization of sound images on the surface of a flat screen for users distributed in a wide area. A preliminary validation of the design was performed numerically using boundary element methods, and experimentally using a prototype model. The results show that, in spite of its simplicity, the design effectively alters the radiated sound field so as to expand the listening area.

Immersive 3-D visualization applied to drilling planning

Visualization technology has the potential to fundamentally change the way companies conduct business in the oil and gas industry. The last four years have seen the growing acceptance in the upstream portion of the industry of large collaborative and semi-immersive visualization systems such as large flat screens, curved screen theaters, and fully immersive CAVEs. Benefits of fully immersive tracked environments include: Drilling planning is an example of an application that can benefit from such an environment. Planning wells for exploration and field development requires integration of a wide variety of data, geometric accuracy of the data display, interaction with the data, and collaborative efforts of an interdisciplinary team. The Immersive Drilling Planner is a software system for platform and well planning in an immersive environment. In several projects to which it has been applied, 3-D immersive drilling planning has reduced development planning cycle times from several months to a week or less. Furthermore, the 3-D immersive environment has enhanced the quality of results and has encouraged more effective communication among multidisciplinary team members. Traditional visualization on desktop display systems has tended to focus on discipline, or domain specific applications like 3-D seismic interpretation. These applications have demonstrated value through improving accuracy, completeness, and efficiency of interpretation and reservoir modeling. However, desktop displays are fundamentally limited in the amount of data displayed and in the number of people who can view data simultaneously. This directly limits integration of data and collaboration between more than two people. As a result, individuals tend to plan sequentially. The geophysicist interprets seismic, while the geologist integrates well and other geologic data to define a prospect. Potential drilling locations are then handed off to the …

４２形ハイビジョンＤＣ‐ＰＤＰの開発

A HDTV plasma display with a large flat screen and high picture quality has been developed. The display uses a newly developed 42-inch diagonal DC-type PDP (Plasma Display Panel) with 1920 x 1035 display cells. The introduction of superior photolithography techniques for forming resistors, ribs, and priming ribs makes the fabrication of fine components more stable and reliable. And a new panel-driving method and signal-processing LSIs allow high-quality pictures to be reproduced on the panel. These technologies have opened the way for the development of a commercial 42-inch color PDP for HDTV.

Application of a Thermally Evaporated WO3 Film to a Shadow Mask for the Suppression of Mislanding in Color Cathode Ray Tubes

A thermally evaporated WO3 film with higher electron-reflecting rate was investigated for application to a fine-pitch shadow mask aperture of a color cathode ray tube (CRT). The film adhered strongly to the mask and covered the entire mask surface uniformly without blocking the apertures. The amount of mislanding of the mask with the WO3 film was about 35% less than that of a conventional mask with a Fe3O4 film under a local scanning mode. The film thickness necessary to obtain this value was more than 2 µ m. From these results, it was found that the WO3 film was applicable to a color CRT with higher resolution and higher brightness in a large flat screen.

Enhancing HF received fields with large planar and cylindrical ground screens

Users of extended range HF (3 to 30 MHz) radar and communication systems employing the ionosphere desire signal reception at incidence angles near-grazing to the local earth tangent. For vertical polarization, the vanishing received fields at low incidence angles over dielectric earth may be increased by using large ground screens. In this paper a ground-screen formulation based on scattering techniques is developed. The ground screen is viewed as a scatterer in free space, excited by a plane wave. A Fresnel image wave is added to establish the air-earth interface. Formulations are developed for the semi-infinite screen and for the circular-cylinder surface segment screen. The semi-infinite screen is representative in performance to a round screen of radius equal to the distance from the edge of the semi-infinite screen at which the field is computed or measured. For a ground screen on a hill the cylindrical segment is appropriate. Computations for a simulated earth were made and corroborated by experimental simulation with scale models. Improvements in field strength of 7 to 14 dB or more can be achieved with large screens over no screen. "Relatively small" tilted or raised flat screens, and cylindrical segment screens, can give improvements equal to very large flat screens on the earth.