Large Enterprise Groups Research Articles

중국법상 계열회사와 기업집단의 입법문제와 한국 경험의 의의

This article fist describes the relevant legal provisions on associated enterprises and enterprise groups in China, and discusses the application of associated enterprises, related relationships and enterprise groups in Chinese judicial practice. It then describes the Koreas experience, describing the designation of the same person system in the Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act of Korea and the regulation of enterprise groups through the regulation of circular and sequential capital contributions. Finally, the authorʼs opinion is given as to whether the Korean experience can be of relevance to China. Chinese enterprise groups have seen extremely rapid growth in recent decades, with the Chinese government developing its economy, controlling peopleʼs livelihoods and entering the international market through large enterprise groups. Chinses enterprise groups, especially state-owned enterprise groups, are basically formed by the government based on various needs and through administrative orders, and they have entered the market without any validation of rationality. Examining the legislation related to enterprise groups in China, it can be seen that the regulation of affiliated enterprises and related relationships in Chinese law is only for the purpose of regulating the internal governance structure of companies and tax collection, rather than for the purpose of planning the economic structure of the country and regulating monopolies. Chinaʼs enterprise groups have formed a huge enterprise system through economic ties and administrative orders, and this system will naturally have corresponding disadvantages in the process of development. However, at present, China only supports and promotes the rapid development of enterprise groups, and does not see a position to regulate them. In the South Korea, over the past few decades, family enterprise has formed large conglomerates through related enterprise and circular capital contribution, and such businesses have shaped the countryʼs economic development model. The shortcomings of Korean family enterprise were exposed in the 1997 economic crisis. Individual families at the top of such enterprises control the entire conglomerates with only a small number of shares, creating a minority shareholding system that has even shaped the countryʼs economy. In response to the shortcomings of this economic model, the Korean government established a regulatory system represented by the Monopoly Regulation and Fair-Trade Act, which is a system of designating the same person, i.e., family that controls a enterprise group with assets exceeding 5 trillion won, the Fair Trade Commission establishes and publishes a catalog of enterprise groups belonging to the same person. The enterprise groups designated as the same person are required to fulfill various reporting and submission obligation to prevent the special relations of the enterprise groups form seeking or obtaining undue benefits through the exercise of actual influence. This system has regulated the development of large Korean enterprise groups. Korean enterprise groups and Chinses enterprise groups are extremely similar in terms of corporate governance structure, especially in that the controlling shareholders have a stable position and exercise control over the enterprise largely unencumbered by external constraints, which in turn results in the controlling shareholders being arbitrary and domineering, which is almost entirely similar. The difference is that the controlling shareholder of Chinses state-owned enterprise groups is the government, while the controlling shareholder of Korean enterprise groups is the family. But the same is that, in the situation of controlling shareholders absolute control of the enterprise groups, if there is no constraint mechanism to restrain the controllers of the enterprise groups unilaterally expand the scale of the enterprise,

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Project Investment Risk Based on Computer Vision Technology

With the development of the economy and real-time embedded systems and the progress of science and technology, people’s economic income forms have undergone tremendous changes, and the concept of financial management has become clearer in people’s property income arrangements. Project investment is one of the most popular financial management methods in the era of big data. Both large enterprise groups and individual petty bourgeoisie groups have begun to pay attention to the risks and benefits brought by the new financial management method of project investment. This paper’s goal is to develop a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) model for project investment risk based on computer vision technology and explore the application of computer vision technology in project investment risk evaluation. This article first uses a real-time embedded system to understand the basic process of project investment and select 10 investment experts for risk assessment, risks, and causes of the risks through literature research and case analysis. Then, this paper establishes a model of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of project investment risk through computer vision technology, real-time embedded systems, and neural network models in big data and artificial intelligence technology to realize the analysis and prediction of project investment risk. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) are used in this evaluation model to evaluate and forecast project investment risks. In addition, this paper also trains and tests the risk evaluation model of this research through the support vector machine classification algorithm, the real-time embedded system, and the average random consistency index. The research shows that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of this study has higher accuracy for project investment risk evaluation than other risk evaluation methods. For example, for the investment risk of chemical fiber projects, this research model evaluated the factors such as organization, management, technology, and economy and found that the risks were all higher than 21.36%, which concluded that the overall investment risk of chemical fiber projects was relatively high.

FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY, PAY ATTENTION TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COST AND ENTERPRISE PERFORMANCE IN POLLUTING INDUSTRIES

Abstract Background Nowadays, environmental problems are becoming more and more serious. Heavy polluting enterprises are the source of pollution, and their environmental behavior has always been the focus of attention. However, the relationship between environmental cost (EC) and corporate performance (EP) is not clear, which may hinder enterprises from fulfilling environmental social responsibility. This does not meet the requirements of green development. Therefore, it is very important to explore it. To explore the relationship between environmental costs and corporate performance, it would be a good choice to start from anxiety sensitivity. Subjects and Methods Considering the individual fixed effect and time fixed effect at the enterprise level, this paper uses the two-way fixed effect model for panel regression, and studies the relationship between EC and EP based on the panel data of A-share listed companies in coal, chemical and other heavily polluting industries from 2013 to 2019. EC data mainly comes from the annual report and social responsibility report of enterprises. Other data are from the official database and have been matched. We also use the tail reduction method to deal with outliers. According to the investment risk, the samples are also divided into different groups and analyzed. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BA) was used for employees in the pollution industry. It is a self-assessment scale with 21 items, which is equal to the Bai prepared by Aaron T. Beck in the United States in 1985. The scale adopts 4-level scoring, and its standard is “1””, which means none; “2” means mild without much annoyance; “3” means moderate, uncomfortable but tolerable; “4” means severe and can only be reluctantly tolerated. The total score is obtained by adding the rough scores of 21 items in the Bai scale. Bai is mainly used to assess the degree to which subjects are disturbed by a variety of anxiety symptoms. Results The results show that the coefficient of current EC investment in EP is positive, but not significant. However, EC with a lag of one year is significantly positive at the level of 1%. We found that the current coefficients of all samples were not significant. From the one-year lag coefficient, the lag coefficient of non-state-owned enterprises is greater than that of state-owned enterprises, both of which are significantly positive at the level of 1%. In addition, the central and western region group is significantly positive at the level of 1%, while the eastern region group is not significant. At the same time, the performance of large enterprise groups is positive, but not significant. In small-scale enterprise groups, this proportion is significantly positive at the level of 10%. At the same time, there is also a significant negative correlation between state-owned enterprises and enterprise efficacy. It is found that compared with EC investment, EP investment and enterprise efficacy are much higher. However, there was no significant difference in the level of anxiety between the two. Conclusion This study shows that the current EC investment has no significant impact on EP, but EC with a lag of one year can significantly promote EP. In terms of ownership, e-commerce of non-state-owned enterprises plays a greater role in promoting EP than that of state-owned enterprises. Compared with the eastern region, the situation in the central and western regions is also obvious. In terms of enterprise scale, e-commerce of small enterprises can promote the development of enterprises more effectively than that of large enterprises. Therefore, this paper can enrich the relevant contents of environmental accounting, provide suggestions for the government to formulate environmental policies, help enterprises avoid environmental risks and help stakeholders make relevant decisions. In addition, there are limitations in data processing, and we can further study the impact mechanism. Although there was a positive correlation between EC investment and EP, it was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Debilitating anxiety was dominant in enterprise anxiety, and the result was statistically significant (P < 0.01). It means that enterprise anxiety can be used as an indicator of the impact of EC on EP. Our results show that there is a negative correlation between the central and western regions and the eastern region. The Pearson correlation in the high anxiety group was significantly higher than that in the low anxiety group. Acknowledgements Supported by National Social Science Foundation of China (20BGL085), and the program of Philosophy and social sciences in Henan province (2021BJJ066).

Application of Fast P2P Traffic Recognition Technology Based on Decision Tree in the Detection of Network Traffic Data

With the rapid development of large-scale enterprise informatization construction, the network scale has become huge and complex, and the data traffic carried by the network is increasing. Accurate network traffic identification is the basis of network management and is of great significance to enterprise informatization construction and operation and maintenance. In response to the network operation and maintenance requirements of large enterprises, this paper analyzes the network architecture and network traffic distribution of large enterprise groups from the perspective of enterprise network operators and introduces the current operation and maintenance process of enterprise network performance failures. Maintenance process optimization and reengineering are carried out to plan and find out the shortcomings of the current process links and put forward corresponding solutions. Based on the research of traffic identification in recent years, a fast P2P network traffic anomaly identification algorithm based on decision tree model is proposed, which improves the efficiency and accuracy of network traffic application identification and network traffic anomaly data identification.

Sino-Japanese Engagement in the Making of China’s National Champions

ABSTRACT Japan’s rapid post-war economic growth prompted Chinese leaders to look to their neighbour as they initiated market reforms from the late 1970s. How did movements of people and ideas between China and Japan occur, and what were their effects on Chinese enterprise policies? From the 1970s through the 1990s, Chinese officials, scholars, and enterprise representatives invited Japanese advisors to China, conducted myriad exchanges through associations like the Sino-Japanese Economic Knowledge Exchange and the Japan-China Economic Association, and actively studied Japan’s economy and companies. Chinese policy-makers gained insights from Japan about market-responsive forms of corporate structure, organisational solutions to state ownership dilemmas, evidence that consolidation could aid economic performance and technological upgrading, and strategic commitment to building large state-owned enterprise groups. However, this episode of intense engagement between China and Japan generated neither unilateral ‘diffusion’ nor unitary influence. Instead, it reveals how China has developed its own path of economic development through what I term ‘policy collaging’: seeking, selecting, and creatively combining policy ideas and practices from international sources.

МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ДОСВІД ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ ТА ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОНТРОЛЮЮЧИМИ ОРГАНАМИ РИЗИКІВ ТРАНСФЕРТНОГО ЦІНОУТВОРЕННЯ

The article analyzes and summarizes the international experience of regulatory authorities in dealing with transfer pricing risks as one of the basic elements of tax control over taxpayers’ compliance with transfer pricing rules. An efficient process for processing and assessing transfer pricing risks helps to ensure quality selection and increase the effectiveness of audits of controlled transactions, increase the efficiency of the use of limited resources, as well as greater tax certainty and reduce the number of unreasonable audits. As a result of the study: international experience was summarized and an indicative process of processing and assessing transfer pricing risks was determined; the main points of the general approach to the issue of transfer pricing risks, which are currently used in practice by the regulatory authorities of economically developed countries, have been identified; the principles of transfer pricing risk management were determined and the importance of carrying out transfer pricing risk assessment processes on an ongoing and systematic basis was indicated; the approaches to organizing the processing and risk assessment of transfer pricing proposed by the specialists of the OECD, JTPF and the UN are considered. Also, the author of the article proposed to supplement this process with a fifth post-assessment stage, which should include the following three steps (13-15): internal inspection and quality control of risk assessment processes based on the results of transfer pricing audits; improving the list of transfer pricing risk indicators and descriptions of their features and identification methods; training and professional development of specialists in the assessment of transfer pricing risks. In addition, attention was drawn to the need for proper documentation of the processing and risk assessment of transfer pricing. The article also concludes that the processes of processing and assessing transfer pricing risks should be integrated into the processes that are carried out within the framework of the functioning of the general risk management system of both the tax authority and any modern large enterprise (group of enterprises).

Research on the Construction of Enterprise Financial Shared Service Center Based on Cloud Computing

Multinational companies and large enterprise groups in the economic globalization and information era have high financial costs, difficult management, and poor financial information quality. In the financial sharing service, it centralizes and centralizes the branch’s accounting, expense reimbursement, fund payment and other services, and uses cloud computing technology to effectively improve its data storage capacity and calculation and analysis capabilities, thereby effectively solving the company’s financial management problems. This paper focuses on the financial management problems of large multinational enterprises, studies cloud computing, financial sharing services and other related theories and technologies, and discusses in depth the advantages, construction principles and construction processes of financial sharing services in cloud computing environments. Reengineering, repayable process reengineering, and receivables process discussed the construction of a cloud-based financial shared service center to provide a reference for related companies to improve their financial management models and obtain good business results.

The impact of the implementation of the financial shared service model on Haier Smart Home

With the development of economic globalization, companies continue to expand through mergers, and problems such as low operating efficiency and increased management costs have begun to emerge. Traditional financial management models have been difficult to adapt to the development of enterprises. Therefore, in order to operate branches more efficiently and improve operational efficiency, enterprises have begun to vigorously develop financial shared service models. This article analyzes the impact of Haier Smart Home after the implementation of the financial shared service model, and explains the necessity of implementing the financial shared service model, hoping to attract more large enterprise groups to build a financial shared service model.

Tools of Centralized Management Platform Based on Puppet and Ansible

With the development and expansion of enterprise groups, large enterprise groups are gradually moving towards multinational groups. Such enterprises have many subordinate units, frequent business exchanges, business types and business scopes all over the world, and there are frequent work exchanges around the world. In particular, the decentralization of funds makes the management of funds difficult. The management risk of funds is also relatively high with the characteristics of the group companies. For large enterprise groups, especially multinational groups, the relatively centralized management of group funds is a challenge. In order to meet the management needs of large enterprise groups, the concept of centralized fund management emerged as the times require, and it first appeared in large enterprises in western countries. In order to solve the management difficulties and realize the centralized management of the company group, etc., and for the management staff to achieve overall planning and consideration, this article specifically takes Group A as an example to carry out the investigation. Through investigation, it can be found that the company’s fund precipitation is very obvious, the supervision is seriously insufficient, the capital utilization rate is extremely low at about 40%, and the maximum does not exceed 50%. Group A cannot obtain the financial information of each subsidiary and branch in time. There is a lag in reconciliation information with branches. In order to solve this difficulty, this article deliberately combined puppet and Ansible to study the tools of the centralized management platform, to find the direction for the company to achieve centralized development, and to further promote the development of the group.

Authoritarian leadership and task performance: the effects of leader-member exchange and dependence on leader

This study examines how and when authoritarian leadership affects subordinates’ task performance. Using social exchange theory and power dependence theory, this study proposes that authoritarian leadership negatively influences task performance through leader-member exchange (LMX). This study further proposes that the effect of authoritarian leadership on LMX is stronger when a subordinate has less dependence on a leader. A two-wave survey was conducted in a large electronics and information enterprise group in China. These hypotheses are supported by results based on 219 supervisor-subordinate dyads. The results reveal that authoritarian leadership negatively affects subordinates’ task performance via LMX. Dependence on leader buffers the negative effect of authoritarian leadership on LMX and mitigates the indirect effect of authoritarian leadership on employee task performance through LMX. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.

An empirical study of the factors influencing the willingness to implement green coal logistics in China

Abstract With increasing global warming and environmental degradation, green and low-carbon development modes have been increasingly widely accepted worldwide. This paper investigates the factors influencing green coal logistics by considering China’s large and medium-sized coal enterprise groups as the questionnaire survey object, and it empirically explores the effects of these influence factors on the willingness to implement green coal logistics using a structural equation model. The results show that (1) internal motivation, support of external conditions and related subject influences have positive influences on the willingness to implement green coal logistics indirectly by promoting the general benefits, (2) internal barriers exert negative influences on the willingness to implement green coal logistics indirectly by driving the general benefits, (3) factors with positive influence, from strong to weak, are internal motivations, support of external conditions and related subject influences, and it turns out that the general benefits of green logistics has significantly positive effects on the willingness to implement green logistics, and (4) the policy system could directly affect the willingness to implement green logistics, which does not occur through the green logistics benefits.

Sustainable Construction Project Management (SCPM) Evaluation—A Case Study of the Guangzhou Metro Line-7, PR China

As a pillar industry of the Chinese national economy, the construction sector needs to improve its level of management to embrace sustainable development. Sustainable construction project management (SCPM) performance evaluation can help to raise the level of management. However, the existing evaluation system that takes into account both the sustainable development and the dimension of traditional project management is meager. In order to address this problem, this study sets out an integrated sustainable performance evaluation method for SCPM, along with a comprehensive analysis of both traditional and future management directions. Through literature review and enterprise data analysis of the relevant factors of finance, schedule, quality, and safety, etc., indicators are filtered and classified. In order to determine the strength of each indicator, a questionnaire is administered to construction professionals within a large construction enterprise (group). From the result of the weight with an improved Group-G1 (iG1) method (finance 0.206, schedule 0.206, quality 0.185, safety 0.134, informatization 0.134, and greenization 0.134), it indicates that finance, schedule and quality management are still top three important dimensions in SCPM. However, amazingly, the greenization and informatization management is as significant as safety management. Finally, based on set pair analysis, the Guangzhou Metro Line 7 project is used as a verifying case, affirming the validity of the sustainable performance evaluation model. The above SCPM evaluation model can not only provide a guideline for construction companies’ sustainable management in China, but also serve as reference cases for other countries/regions to carry out relevant research work.

The Standardization Design and Implementation of Voice Communication System of Large Enterprise Group

Communication means each order the necessary analysis of nuclear power plant, a stage through side regret, for nuclear power and multi pass liquid, means integration for more business, the cost of safety and convenience of system test, with the help of the multi Taiwan card speed to introduce multi communication system integration to solve the purple construction requirements and fusion methods, combined with the nuclear power plant on the point, from the value node angle in operation and operation in order dispatch station communication means fusion provides a new way with words hung off wrinkles.

The role of small- and medium-sized enterprises in the Dutch economy: an analysis using an extended supply and use table

Firm size is increasingly acknowledged as an important factor for (macro-)economic policy. It is known that the overall importance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is different relative to large multinationals in terms of their impact on economic growth, exports and innovation. Yet empirical evidence to substantiate the role of firms of different sizes is rare. To tackle this problem, we develop a novel approach by extending the Dutch supply–use framework to firm size. We utilize firm-level data to construct a purpose-built supply–use table distinguishing between SMEs and large enterprises and derive an extended input–output table. In doing so, we adopt a more evolved definition of SMEs, accounting for the fact that small firms may be subsidiaries of large (multinational) enterprise groups. The analysis shows that due to their function as suppliers, SMEs benefit much more from Dutch exports to foreign markets than the traditional export figures show. SMEs are less dependent on imports than large enterprises. This might be detrimental to the competitiveness of SMEs if they do not fully appreciate the benefits of sourcing internationally in terms of cheaper or higher quality inputs. The paper shows the policy relevance of macroeconomic statistics which distinguish firm size.

The Standardization Design and Implementation of Voice Communication System of Large Enterprise Group

Communication means each order the necessary analysis of nuclear power plant, a stage through side regret, for nuclear power and multi pass liquid, means integration for more business, the cost of safety and convenience of system test, with the help of the multi Taiwan card speed to introduce multi communication system integration to solve the purple construction requirements and fusion methods, combined with the nuclear power plant on the point, from the value node angle in operation and operation in order dispatch station communication means fusion provides a new way with words hung off wrinkles.

Airline horizontal mergers and productivity: Empirical evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

The identification of possible efficiency gains is a core issue in the analysis of mergers. However, empirical studies are generally subject to bias caused by merger endogeneity. In the early 2000s, the Chinese government pursued a strategy of merging small firms in key industries to create large enterprise groups. Mergers created by this policy provide a rare quasi-natural experiment to investigate the effect of mergers. We take the opportunity to apply the difference-in-differences approach to identify the effect of mergers on the efficiency of Chinese airlines. Overall, our analysis suggests that the mergers increased the productivity of Chinese airlines.

Research on Demand Forecast of Labor Quantity of Human Resources Based on Diversified Business

In recent years, demand forecast of human resources has become an important decision-making basis for enterprises to develop human resource planning. However, it is difficult to find a unified methodology to cover all areas of business and make human resource demand forecast for enterprises with large scale group, wide business geographical scope and diversified business operations. This paper takes a large group enterprise as an example and tries to construct the human resource demands classification forecasting model according to the production and financial business model differences, which provides a selection method for human resource demand forecast of large enterprise groups.

Centralization through Consolidation

This paper focuses on recent industrial policy changes in the Chinese rare earth industry, and attempts to show how the Chinese central government is shifting strategies for this important resource industry. Since the late 2000s, the Chinese central government has pursued consolidation of the highly fragmented rare earth industry into one dominated by large state-owned enterprise (SOE) groups under the control of the central government. This is far from liberalization and marketization as most media coverage and scholars have suggested. The Chinese central government is pursuing the centralization of the industry through nation-wide consolidation, which can make its intervention more effective and enhance the predominance of large SOEs under the name of efficiency.

Research on the Forecasting Model of Total Human Resource Demand of Large Central Enterprise Group Based on C-D Production Function

Enterprise human resources demand forecasting is an important part of human resources planning, constructing the human resource demand forecasting model which matches with the organization development can support the enterprise development strategy and has an important significance for the development of enterprise. Aiming at the large central enterprise group staff characteristics and practice features of human resource management, this paper builds a forecasting demand model of human resources including performance development model, and take domestic grid enterprises of large-scale power as an example to carry out empirical research. The results show that the model can effectively reflect the strategic objectives of enterprise, and has an important effect on further development of the strategic human resource management superiority and the promotion of enterprise human resources demand forecasting’s accuracy.

The Standardization Design and Implementation of Voice Communication System of Large Enterprise Group

The Standardization Design and Implementation of Voice Communication System of Large Enterprise Group