Large Combined Cycle Power Plants Research Articles

4E analyses and multi-objective optimization of different fuels application for a large combined cycle power plant

Due to the growing increase in fuel price, a significant part of costs of power plants is expended on obtaining high-quality fuels. The change of fuel type from the natural gas to the liquid in the winter due to the increase in natural gas consumption is the main reason for this research. The goal is to select the appropriate fuel type from the Energy, Exergy, Exergy-economic, and Environmental (4E) aspects.The topic of this paper is an irreversible comparison of combined cycle power plant (CCPP) components by changing fuel type from natural gas to liquid fuels with different APIs. The costs resulting from the pollution of normalized air with fuel change were compared. The results were validated by the data from the largest CCPP in Iran. Multi-objective optimization of the CCPP was implemented by objective functions of the price of the power produced, exergy efficiency and normalized production amount of CO2. The results showed that decrease in API˚ led to proper exergy efficiency and cost but exposed very high environmental impacts compared with gas fuel. Results of changing objective functions demonstrated that propagation rate of CO2 in gas fuel was much lower than that of liquid fuel.

The Use of Modern Third-Generation Air Quality Models (MM5-EMIMO-CMAQ) for Real-Time Operational Air Quality Impact Assessment of Industrial Plants

In many cases, a substantial proportion of large industrial emissions are located in the surrounding areas of cities and are the cause of an important part of air concentrations over the city and surrounding areas. The need to have a tool to analyze and manage these concentrations is the main objective of this contribution. In this paper, we show the implementation of an adapted version of the MM5-CMAQ (Byun et al. 1998, Description of the Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Proceedings of the American Meteorological Society 78th Annual Meeting Phoenix, AZ, Jan. 11–16, 264–268, 1998)—PSU/NCAR and EPA (US) models—modeling system for a large combined cycle power plant located near Madrid city (Spain). The system called TEAP (EUREKA project)—a Tool to Evaluate the Air Quality Impact of Industrial Plants—allows the assessment of the impact of each individual power group (400 MW) in real-time and forecasting mode. As a consequence, the industrial plant and authorities are having a period of time (≈16 h) to decide to switch off one power group or several, to minimize or avoid the possible exceedance of European Union (EU) limits—as declared in the EU directives. The quantification of the impact of these possible exceedances of EU Directives due to emissions produced by the power plant is essential for decision making according to the daily forecasts. We will show the implementation of the TEAP system and operation in two real applications which are operating since summer 2005 and January, 2007 in the surrounding area of Madrid (Spain).

Real Time And Operational Air Quality ForecastsIn A Power Plant In Spain

Sophisticated and complex air quality models belonging to the so-called “third generation of air quality modelling systems” are nowadays to be adapted and implemented into state-of-the-art computer cluster platforms which allow an operational use of the air quality modelling systems for forecasting applications. This type of application allows a full control “in advance” of the impact on air quality concentrations of the emissions produced by different emission sources. In this application, a combined cycle power plant is used. Large industrial emissions located in the surrounding areas of cities are a substantial and important part of air concentrations in the surrounding areas of the city and industrial plant. In this contribution we show the implementation of an adapted version of the MM5-CMAQ – PSU/NCAR and EPA (US) models – modelling system for a large combined cycle power plant located in the near Madrid city (Spain). The system is implemented in an 8 – node cluster platform (Pentium –IV, 3,4 GHz) to provide in real-time the impact of the different power groups on the O3, NOx, PM10, SO2 and CO air concentrations in accumulative mode and in forecasting mode for up to 72 hours in advance with a decision take-up period of about 16 hours. The air quality modelling system has been mounted over three model domains with 9 km, 3 km and 1 km spatial resolution respectively and 23 vertical layers (up to 100 mb) with a full emission model (EMIMO) to provide emissions in detail for these three areas covering up to 400 x 400 km for the mother domain and 24 x 24 km for the 1 km spatial resolution model domain, all centered in the specific industrial plant (combined cycle power plant). The system called TEAP (EUREKA project)—a Tool to Evaluate the Air Quality Impact of Industrial Plants—allows one to quantify and qualify the impact of each individual power group (400 MW) in real-time and forecasting mode. As a consequence, the industrial plant and authorities have a period of time (≈ 16 hours) to make the decision to switch off one power group or several, to minimize or avoid the possible exceedance of EU limits – as declared in the EU directives. The quantification of the impact of these possible exceedances of EU Directives due to the emissions produced by the power plant is essential to making decisions according to the daily forecasts. © 2006 WIT Press WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 86, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) Air Pollution XIV 213 doi:10.2495/AIR06022