Energy Consumption Of Large Buildings Research Articles

Short-term forecasting method for lighting energy consumption of large buildings based on time series analysis

Short-term forecasting method for lighting energy consumption of large buildings based on time series analysis

Short-term forecasting method for lighting energy consumption of large buildings based on time series analysis

Short-term forecasting method for lighting energy consumption of large buildings based on time series analysis

Optimalisasi Konservasi Energi Bangunan Bertingkat melalui Pilihan Material Kaca sebagai Fasad

<p><em>Box-shaped buildings covered by glass and minimal shading elements are increasingly common</em><em>, then</em><em> </em><em>causes </em><em>more</em><em> large building energy consumption. This </em><em>research</em><em> aims to analyze the selection of the most optimal glass material for the Undip Integrated Laboratory Building, so that the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) of the building is expected to meet the SNI 6389:2020 standard. The research was conducted with an experimental quantitative approach using a spreadsheet calculator OTTV Microsoft Excel of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. The simulation is divided into three treatment variations, namely variations in BNFL glass thickness; variations in the color of Panasap's glass; and various types of glass. The results show that glass materials with good thermal properties have low shading coefficient (SC), solar factor (SF), and U-value. In addition, the brighter and thicker the glass material, the better the thermal performance. The Undip Integrated Laboratory Building has a total OTTV that meets SNI 6389:2020 standards. However, if viewed partially, the OTTV of the east facade of the building needs to be retrofitted.</em></p>

A Relearning Approach to Reinforcement Learning for control of Smart Buildings

This paper demonstrates that continual relearning of control policies using incremental deep reinforcement learning (RL) can improve policy learning for non-stationary processes. This approach has been demonstrated in a data-driven “smart building environment” that we use as a test-bed for developing HVAC controllers for reducing energy consumption of large buildings on our university campus. The non-stationarity in building operations and weather patterns makes it imperative to develop control strategies that are adaptive to changing conditions. On-policy RL algorithms, such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) represent an approach for addressing this non-stationarity, but they cannot be applied to safety-critical systems. As an alternative, we develop an incremental RL technique that simultaneously reduces building energy consumption without sacrificing overall comfort. We compare the performance of our incremental RL controller to that of a static RL controller that does not implement the relearning function. The performance of the static controller diminishes significantly over time, but the relearning controller adjusts to changing conditions while ensuring comfort and optimal energy performance.

Influence of solar radiation on the energy consumption of large buildings on a university campus

This paper reports the numerical study on the influence of solar radiation on the energy consumption of large buildings on a university campus. The actual campus is located in the south of Portugal, in a Mediterranean type environment, and consists of 6 educational buildings. These six buildings have a total area of 27,599 m2 and 595 compartments, where 6,529 opaque surfaces (doors, walls, etc.) and 983 transparent ones (windows) were identified. This study aims to assess numerically how solar radiation transmitted on windows affects the energy consumption of the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems, controlled by the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) index, of each of these buildings, and the thermal comfort level of the occupants. Software developed by the authors is used to simulate the thermal behavior of buildings with complex topology. This software evaluates indoor air quality inside the spaces, thermal comfort of the occupants, thermal energy consumption of the HVAC system, and solar radiation distribution outside the buildings and inside the compartments, among others. The HVAC control system based on the PMV index applied in this work was designed to maintain the PMV comfort index within category C of ISO 7730, with a maximum of 15% of people dissatisfied. In order to evaluate the indoor comfort level of the occupants, the totals of cold and warm uncomfortable hours were calculated. Two different weather conditions, typical of the region, were set as inputs for the simulation performed in this study: a typical winter day, and a typical summer day. The outputs obtained were the daily evolution of total solar radiation transmitted on windows, total uncomfortable hours for the occupants, and total HVAC system energy consumption for each building. The results obtained show that, for typical winter conditions, an increase in the transmitted solar radiation on windows causes a decrease in HVAC system energy consumption, and also in the number of uncomfortable hours, which is a favorable situation. On the other hand, for typical summer conditions, it is observed that when transmitted solar radiation on windows increases, HVAC system energy consumption, and the total number of uncomfortable hours increase as well, configuring an unfavorable situation. It is also found that the values of solar radiation transmitted on windows are higher in winter than in summer conditions. In summer, the lowest values of solar radiation transmitted on windows occur at noon. The last two observations lead to the conclusion that, overall, these buildings have correctly positioned passive shading elements, a technique that contributes to an adequate solar passive architectural design.

Smart Lumini: A Smart Lighting System for Academic Environments Using IOT-Based Open-Source Hardware

Rational energy consumption in large buildings depends on both the users' consumption culture and the management systems implemented. In Colombia, few buildings have an energy management system characterized by its adaptability to the user and with a certain degree of intelligence. Thus, this document describes the summarized research process for the development of an Internet of Things (IoT) system, which has been designed to promote an intelligent lighting service in an academic environment. The IoT system orchestrates a series of sensors, monitoring systems and controlled actions, all based on the principle of making the system functions and consumption records available in real-time, via web services. The devices used are "Things" with improved functionality, becoming "Smart Things" within the IoT paradigm. Methodologically, an experimental process was followed, linking the development of electronic tools, the construction of services, and the development of interfaces for a pleasant user experience. Research contributes to two essential areas: intelligent buildings, through the intelligent adaptation of an environment; and sustainability and eco-innovation, since the system provides appropriate information for environmental education, in terms of real-time energy consumption, that impacts directly on the fair-use culture of a service expensive for the environment.

Analysis of domestic hot water energy consumption in large buildings under standard conditions in Senegal

This paper presents an investigation of the energy consumption due to domestic hot water (DHW) production in large buildings. We have studied three types of reference buildings: one office, one residence and a 3-star hotel located in Senegal. The DOE2.1E (the building energy program of the Department of Energy Version 2.1E) has been used. One of its main advantage is that it allows to take into account both energy end use categories and a great number of parameters of the building energy performance. Four climatic regions have been identified and their equivalent “standard” conditions are all defined. Those conditions are the same as the current design and operating conditions of each type of building. The DHW energy consumption is calculated and compared with the total energy generated by all end uses (lighting, cooling/ventilation, DHW, and other equipment). Before we carry out wide and systematic simulations of the three buildings energy performance, we pay special attention to check and validate the DHW part of the DOE2.1E model. There was an agreement between the recorded monthly DHW energy load on the one hand, and on the other the computed results. We end up finding results that could open new perspectives for building a strategic methodology to provide guidelines for DHW energy saving measures in large buildings in West Africa. Furthermore, it is expected that energy researchers concerned about energy and environmental efficiency would consider this study for promoting CO 2 emission reduction in relation with DHW production in large buildings.

04/01002 Influence of domestic hot water parameters on the energy consumption of large buildings in Senegal: Ndoye, B. and Sarr, M. Energy Conversion and Management, 2003, 44, (16), 2635–2649

A fibre-optic measurement system to analyse the deformation of in-vessel components has successfully been developed, installed and commissioned at ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). This technology has thereby been qualified for in-vessel use at experimental fusion devices. AUG is equipped with an internal conductor for passive plasma stabilisation called the Passive Stabilisation Loop (PSL), on which the recently installed 16 internal coils (B-coils) are directly mounted. The PSL structure is highly prone to vibrations, and the risk of resonant oscillations in response to B-coil induced forces necessitated the development of the present diagnostic. The diagnostic system consists of 34 fibre-optic strain sensors incorporated in two glass fibres. It is completely insensitive to electromagnetic disturbances. The fibres are customised to avoid inconvenient excess fibre length in the vacuum vessel. They were tested for their neutron tolerance and vacuum compatibility prior to installation. The actual sensors are embedded in stainless steel carriers that were attached to the PSL, which is made of copper, by laser welding. Appropriate welding parameters were determined in view of the metallurgical dissimilarity. The weld quality was approved by tensile tests and microscopic investigations. Accurate in-vessel positioning of the sensors was assured using a 3D measurement system and coordinates from CAD. The data acquisition allows a sampling rate of 1 kHz. It was shown that the temporal and spatial resolutions of the system are sufficient to resolve the potentially dangerous bending eigenmodes of the PSL rings.

Influence of domestic hot water parameters on the energy consumption of large buildings in Senegal

This paper investigates the effects of domestic hot water (DHW) parameters on the energy consumption of large buildings in Sénégal. Three types of reference buildings have been selected and developed (residence, office and hotel), and for each of them, the standard values of the three studied parameters (distribution temperature, flow rate and heat tank losses) are defined. The DOE-2.1E building energy program has been employed for computer simulations. It has been found that if the magnitude of their positive incremental impact is considered, the DHW parameters can be classified according to the following decreasing order: 1. heat tank losses, 2. flow rate and 3. distribution temperature. Then, for each of the three types of buildings, we established a discrete series of options of electricity consumption reduction by limitation of the DHW parameters values. For further developments, these options can be employed by researchers to build an Energy Efficiency Code applicable to large buildings in West Africa.

Temperature- and wind-induced air flow patterns in a staircase. Computer modelling and experimental verification

The typical infiltration load for a residential building has been found to range from one-third to one-half of the total space conditioning load. However, most infiltration measurements have been made on single-family houses. Information about the role of infiltration in the energy consumption of large buildings is limited. Furthermore, the prediction of infiltration rates in high-rise buildings is a complex problem. The forces that drive this flow result from the superposition of wind pressure on the faces of the building and the stack effect across the height of the building. Infiltration models have shown the latter effect to be significant in single-family residences, particular in colder climates and, consequently, the stack effect is even greater in high-rise buildings. For this work, we performed tracer gas and fan pressurization measurements on a 30 m tall University of California dormitory in order to determine the importance of both wind and stack effect upon infiltration. Measured pressure and tracer gas distributions were compared with those from a predictive infiltration computer model for high-rise buildings. To study the influence of the air flow pattern around the building, this model uses various wind velocity profiles characteristic of urban areas and different sets of surface pressure coefficients derived from wind tunnel experiments.