Large Billboards Research Articles

IMPROVING MARKETING STRATEGY BY USING MACHINE LEARNING AND GPS TRACKING

"Hawkar and Vendor is a remarkable software program that utilizes Global Positioning System (GPS) or radio frequency identification (RFID) to define geographical boundaries. Essentially, Hawkar and vendor create a virtual barrier known as geofencing, which is an innovative technology enabling an online marketplace for proactive contextual services. This technology allows users to easily discover and subscribe to interesting services, while enabling providers to offer their services for a variety of applications such as electronic toll collection, contextual advertising, or tourist information systems, without the need for additional infrastructure. The primary objective of this research was to explore how the use of spatial data can enhance advertising performance for customers. Tracking systems and monitoring, based on global navigation services by satellite and including geofencing functionality, could also contribute to pinpointing the exact location of an institution or company, thereby enhancing sales and business prospects efficiently. This shift allows for advertising on smartphones as an economically and accurately tested alternative to large billboards." Key Words: Hawkars &Vendors, Special offer ,Machine learning, Blind people

Impact of roadside advertisements near traffic signs on driving safety

A common distraction that affects drivers on the road is billboards. It can substantially impact how well drivers manage their speed, maintain their lanes, focus their attention, and react to stressful situations. When the billboards are placed next to vital traffic signs, they negatively affect drivers, impairing their ability to recognize these signs visually and, more significantly, altering their driving behavior. In this case, the impact of billboards on drivers is mainly influenced by two critical factors: billboard size and relative position to the traffic signs. In this study, a driving simulator was used to study the influence of these two factors on drivers. For this purpose, the eye movement, EEG and driving behavior data of drivers under different combinations of these two factors were collected. The data were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated using a two-factor repeated measure variance analysis and matter-element model. The results provided three main conclusions. First, the driver's ability to recognize signs and driving behavior are significantly influenced by the size of the billboard, and the impact is higher the smaller the billboard is. Second, the relative anteroposterior position of the billboard and the signboard significantly affects how people recognize signs and behave while driving. The driver was more affected by the billboard's placement in front of the signboard. Third, the drivers were impacted by the billboard size and relative anteroposterior position between signs and billboards. However, the influence of the relative anteroposterior position was more than that of the size. Based on the study's findings, some guidelines for billboards to avoid accidents in the actual world can be developed. First, when positioning billboards around significant signs, every attempt should be made to put the billboard behind the sign so that the driver may first finish identifying the sign. Second, to minimize the impact on drivers, a large billboard (8 m x 24 m), placed as far away from the sign, should be used wherever possible. Finally, it is vital to develop uniform regulations and norms for the size standards of billboards in various settings due to the vast variations in billboard sizes used in China.

Visual pollution and statistical determination in some of Karrada district main streets /Baghdad

This study objective is to identify the visual pollution in Karrada district main streets as an example of main streets in Baghdad, the public opinion about each pollutants, solutions to reduce and eliminate the pollution were suggested as well. In order to accomplish this objective different methods were used, 16 pollutants were selected, pictures of each pollutants were taken and a questioner were distributed randomly for 270 people to evaluate the public opinion with statistical methods. Garbage, their disposal and storage areas took the first two places as the highest offensive pollutants. The people showed that they find long lines of vehicles, debris and generators appearance ranked third, fourth and fifth respectively .This research showed that more than 70 percent of people are against the militarization of society and they consider any existence of heavy military machinery or personal is highly offensive issue. Other pollutants such as street sellers, beggars, and crossed wires considered as moderately offensive. Car parking in inappropriate places, badly trimmed trees, large billboards in the streets and the buildings criteria considered slightly offensive. The shops billboards and cellular phone and internet towers were considered the least offensive pollutants. Major solutions is to enhance the municipality management in both planning and operation methods relayed to pollution removal, running awareness campaigns to educate the people about the visual pollution effects and how to reduce it and reduce the military appearances in the city

Issues in Australian Foreign Policy January to June 2022

Issues in Australian Foreign Policy January to June 2022

The Development Of Brigthness Evaluation Method For Digital Billboards

LED-based billboards are becoming increasingly popular due to their low cost, flexibility, and efficiency. On another side, the too-bright digital billboard may pose a potential threat to road safety. The driver’s perception of advertising depends on the different factors, including the billboard’s luminance value. The aim of the study was to develop the assessment method for the digital screen parameters (luminance or illumination) which could be applied by supervising authorities, using budget-friendly devices, such as a lux meter and could be used during the billboard active operation. We tested the recommended method of OAAA and concluded that it is not applied for large billboards (over 25 square-meter) due to the calculated far distance and low sensitivity of lux meter. We have developed the new method based on driver discomfort glare and De Boer ratio. The ratio helps to determine how likely a display is to cause discomfort to those around it. The lower the value, the less discomfort the driver will experience from the billboard. The new method is applied for the active and different size billboard and using lux meter that is not an expensive device. Moreover, we take into account the glare effect of billboard on drivers’ vision.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Operation Under Predictable Receiver Mobility: A Continuous Time Propagation Model

The operation of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) under predictable receiver mobility is investigated. We develop a continuous time system model for multipath channels and discuss the optimal IRS configuration with respect to received power, Doppler spread, and delay spread. It is shown that the received power can be maximized without adding Doppler spread to the system. In a numerical case study, we show that an IRS having the size of just two large billboards can improve the link budget of ground to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite links by up to 6 dB. It also adds a second, almost equivalently strong, communication path that improves the link reliability.

A Study of Vibrations on Monopole Billboard Construction Induced by Earthquake Excitation

Effects of earthquake on large billboards become significant issue after occurrence of disasters recently in Thailand. Two set of measurements were carried out, finding natural frequencies of actual large billboard. First set of measurements was made using accelerometers and the last one was made using non-contact laser vibration measurement. The test results show that, at low frequency, these natural frequencies correspond to transient vibrations of earthquake motion. The distinguished vibration occur at frequencies between 0.09 to 85 Hz. A simple billboard model is also presented here. The solutions to the problem are present especially for suture zones in Thailand.

“Are You Iffy?”: A Social Marketing Campaign to Address Uncertainty in HIV Status Communication Among Men Who Have Sex With Men

To The Editor: Recent data show that 44% of HIV- positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States were unaware of their infection.1 Having inaccurate information about one's HIV status along with increasing practice of serosorting may increase risk of HIV infection among MSM.2,3 Yet, the continued use of the language “HIV-negative” to describe one's HIV status, regardless of recent sexual risk and HIV testing history, suggests that new language is needed for self assessment and communication of HIV status. We launched a social marketing campaign “Are You Iffy?” to encourage MSM in San Francisco to reassess their HIV-negative status. Focus groups and community field-testing were conducted to design the campaign, introducing the concept of being “iffy” about one's HIV status (Fig. 1). Between May and July 2008, 10,000 palm cards, 140 posters, 7 large billboards, and 10 newspaper advertisements were distributed at various locations, including bars/clubs, bathrooms, subway and bus terminals, and newspaper kiosks, in neighborhoods where MSM are known to congregate. A post-test evaluation was conducted between July and October 2008 to assess the effects of the campaign as a part of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance survey. Details of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance sampling and recruitment procedures have been described elsewhere.4,5 Participants were asked how sure they were about their HIV status on a scale of 1 (not sure at all) to 5 (very sure), and if they had rethought how certain they were about their HIV status after they saw the campaign. The study was approved by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Institutional Review Board and the Committee for Human Research of the University of California, San Francisco.Figure 1.: “Are You Iffy?” campaign palm card.Study population: N = 316; 53% white, 24% Latino, 7% Asian, and 7% black; mean age = 37.6 (standard deviation = 11.3); 54% with a bachelor degree or higher, 33% completed some college, and 13% with a high school degree. In all, 61 (19%) participants self reported being HIV positive and were thus not asked the evaluation questions. Of the remaining 255 MSM, 114 (45%) reported having seen the campaign. About 73 (64%) correctly identified the campaign as being about reassessing one's HIV status. Overall, of those who saw the campaign, 41 (36%) indicated that they rethought their own HIV status after seeing/reading the messages in the campaign (Table 1). It is noteworthy that 31% of those who were “Very sure” of their HIV status at the time of the survey also reported to have reconsidered their status, suggesting that the campaign concepts and messages resonated with men across varying levels of certainty around their HIV status.TABLE 1: Effects of the “Are You Iffy?” Campaign in San Francisco: Proportions of MSM Participants Who Have Reconsidered Their HIV Status Due to Exposure to the CampaignThe campaign was moderately successful in reaching non-HIV-positive MSM, and encouraging them to reassess their HIV status. This effort suggests that such campaigns may help reinforce MSM who are unsure of their HIV status to think critically about how confident to be in their HIV-negative status. Future campaigns built on this one can explicitly focus on how to appropriately communicate uncertainty around HIV status to one's partners and how to overcome barriers to HIV testing so that MSM will be better aware of their HIV status. Jennifer Hecht, MPH Jason Riggs, BA Hunter Hargraves, BA STOPAIDS Project San Francisco, CA Chongyi Wei, DrPH Behavioral and Community Health Sciences Graduate School of Public Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA H. Fisher Raymond, MPH San Francisco Department of Public Health San Francisco, CA hfisher.[email protected]

The Politics of Reading Street Newspapers

In the Summer of 2001, on The Heels of a Four-Year Recession, a Number of Ostensible Want Ads Appeared on Large Billboards in downtown Zurich. “Sought for our sales department: team member with an alcohol problem,” read one of them (fig.1); “Wanted: coworker with a drug career,” read another. Each billboard also featured the slogan “Everyone deserves a second chance.” The billboards were one of the first public campaigns mounted by the editors of Surprise, the Swiss street magazine that has supported the homeless and poor by employing them as vendors since 1998. The magazine's declared aim was to attract salespeople from the community, but the billboards did much more than recruit vendors: they intervened in Zurich's upscale business district and challenged the divide separating the haves from the have-nots.

Wind Tunnel Model Tests of Large Billboards

Two series of wind tunnel tests on 1: 200 scale models of large billboard structures were carried out in turbulent boundary layer flow. The tested configurations in the first series are single-panel rectangular billboards with width to depth ratio varying from 1 to 3 and depth to height ratio varying from ⅓ to ⅔, and in second series are two-panel billboards with the angle between two panels (ϕ) varying from 0° to 30°. The high-frequency force balance technique was employed. The test results show that the mean drag force coefficient CD of single-panel billboards attains its maximum value of about 1.3 to 1.5 when the wind attack angle θ lies between −45° and +45°. The maximum value of mean forces on two-panel billboards is slightly higher than that of the corresponding single-panel billboard. Wind-induced torsion about the vertical axis of single-panel billboards increases as θ increases, and attains its maximum value at θ of about ±45°. The maximum torsion can be estimated by multiplying the maximum drag force with the peak horizontal eccentricity of about 15% of the billboard width. For two-panel billboards, the eccentricity increases as ϕ increases, and reaches 24% at ϕ = 30°. The aerodynamic admittance function for all billboard configurations agrees reasonably well with the well-known Vickery's admittance formula.

Front and Back Covers, Volume 24, Number 3. June 2008

Front cover and back cover caption, volume 24 issue 3Front coverFront cover: Front coverIn this issue of ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY, Adrian Peace takes a critical look at the way in which neo‐evolutionary theories and anthropological concepts are brought together in an award‐winning campaign to sell more meat in Australia (his article is debated by four respondents on pp 23–25). Among others adopting a critical perspective, the animal rights movement was outraged at claims made about red meat as a ‘natural’, ‘healthy’ and ‘essential’ part of the average Australian diet. Just as a prominent film star was recruited to the ‘Red Meat – Feel Good’ campaign, the hugely popular Missy Higgins was deployed to front the response from the animal rights movement. The youthful and fresh‐faced Australian singer‐songwriter, cuddling the vulnerable white piglet, iconically represents an informed, intelligent and humane vegetarian approach to the future in the relationship between human and non‐human animals. Higgins here makes a striking plea for ‘enlightenment’. Enlightenment of a different kind is offered by the poster reprinted on the back cover, where an Indian transvestite celebrates the joy of a minority gender identity. Although the rights of both human minorities and non‐human animals may be ‘universal’, they must be rendered in culturally specific terms in order to be politically effective.Back coverBack cover: modern enlightenment in ancient sacred sites‘Be enlightened!’ In 2006 ‘Shelly Innocence’ launched a new phone service in Bodhgaya, Bihar, offering customers the opportunity to receive personal text messages of Enlightenment™ on their mobile phones. Large billboards with images of this virtual transgendered guru were erected outside the main temple to advertise the service.Not only is Bodhgaya a site of inspiration for millions of Buddhists around the world, but the seat of enlightenment has also come to mean very different things as this cosmopolitan pilgrimage town goes global.For many decades the state of Bihar, where Bodhgaya is located, has been one of the least attractive destinations for pilgrims, tourists and anthropologists because of its notorious reputation as one of the most impoverished and ‘lawless’ states in the country. However in recent years the Mahabodhi Temple complex in Bodhgaya has become the object of global attention as a UNESCO World Heritage site, setting in motion a series of initiatives to encourage tourism and city development plans.As a result of new conservation policies and demands on the built environment, the World Heritage designation has become invested with a diverse set of claims and meanings by various stakeholders and religious communities. As a site of dense historical, religious and political significance, Bodhgaya today is a unique locus where spiritual and digital worlds collide in the shade of the bodhi tree.

Pamela's Entertainment: Authorship, Book History, and the English Canon

On November 6, 1740, Samuel Richardson published his Pamela. Though he certainly realized that his text was in many ways different from any previous prose writing, Richardson probably had no idea of the cultural earthquake Pamela was going to cause. In the following ten years, the book inspired a number of spurious continuations, reams of critical commentary, a handful of dramas, operas, illustrations and paintings, waxworks, fans, and even large billboards at Vauxhall Gardens. With the exception of the last three items, which unfortunately are lost to posterity, all of this material is collected for the first time in the excellent The Pamela Controversy, edited and knowledgeably introduced volume by volume by Thomas Keymer and Peter Sabor.