Large Agricultural Enterprises Research Articles

Vegetable and potato growing in Kazakhstan as the main direction of agricultural production

The goal is to assess the development of potato and vegetable growing and their impact on the state of domestic and regional agricultural markets, to formulate proposals for stabilizing and improving the situation in the near future. Methods – comparative analysis, economicstatistical and structural approaches. Results – the authors note that in order to achieve the required level of food security, it is necessary to increase the volume of cultivation of these products in large agricultural enterprises, which will contribute to the growth of commercial production of vegetables and potatoes of proper quality. The state and potential of vegetable and potato farms, their regional characteristics, formation of vegetable market, and state support for vegetable growing industry at the national level are considered. The issues of regulating cultivation and sale of vegetable products are analyzed, the level of its consumption in the constituent entities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and factors determining it are shown. Monitoring of the areas of potatoes grown in open ground, tools and mechanisms for stimulating their expansion, the share of gross potato harvest for all categories of farms in the republic, the dynamics of prices of agricultural producers and consumer prices was carried out. Taking into account the scientific views and opinions of researchers, analysis of the category “sustainable development” is presented. Conclusions – it is necessary to carry out reclamation measures related to the involvement of agricultural land in circulation for vegetable and potato growing, increase in state support for agricultural producers, as well as funds to reimburse part of costs incurred for production of greenhouse vegetables, and technical re-equipment of production facilities. The implementation of investment projects is important, which will make it possible in the medium term to achieve complete food independence for vegetables and potatoes and ensure an acceptable price environment for their producers and consumers.

Trends and opportunities for growth of agro-industrial production in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Goal – modern popular models for development of agro-industrial production are proposed, which are based on factors reflecting current and potential directions of innovative activity in agricultural industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of preparing the article, a wide range of general scientific and specific scientific methods was involved: generalization of theoretical approaches, comparative analysis, system-dynamic and economic-mathematical modeling, trend analysis method, dialectical. The theoretical and methodological basis was provided by fundamental developments of domestic and foreign scientists on issues of innovation policy in agro-industrial complex of the republic. Results - the current state of agricultural sector has been studied, including main trends and problems of introducing modern technological and organizational innovations used in agriculture in Kazakhstan. The factors that have significant impact on increasing competitiveness of agricultural sector are analyzed. Forecasts for structural restructuring of production, increasing the level of investment, etc. are presented. Practical recommendations for stimulating innovative activity in agro-industrial complex are given, taking into account its characteristics. The following competencies of agro-industrial complex are defined as basic: creating food potential, ensuring structural and sectoral balance of national economic system, forming technological platform. Conclusions - further growth in the volume of gross output of economic entities is possible in the conditions of significant financial investment in environmental protection, scientific research that contributes to production of environmentally friendly products and increase in GDP in the industry. In general, over the past years, the situation in Kazakhstan’s agriculture has been stabilizing, which is manifested in strengthening of financial and economic position of large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises.

Digital and engineering solutions for the intensive development of regional agricultural producers

The article examines the structure of agricultural production in the Tyumen region; the authors note that agrarians in the south of the Tyumen region have to work in a zone of risky farming, sharp fluctuations in temperature and precipitation. In such conditions, farmers specializing in the production of crop products have to use intensive, resource-saving and modern industrial technological solutions in the production process to increase labor productivity and output per unit of land area. The authors noted the practical implementation of digital solutions used in large agricultural enterprises. There has been a trend of active development in the region of the production area for growing fruit crops, restoring nurseries and fruit trees. In this regard, the authors propose to introduce an installation for watering and fertilizing fruit trees, which is a very relevant technological solution for farmers; calculations of the financial model of this installation are presented, which presents the main economic indicators from its implementation.

СУЧАСНИЙ РІВЕНЬ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ БІЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕСІВ АГРОПІДПРИЄМСТВ

In the modern world, where technology is advancing rapidly, the agricultural sector is also undergoing its digital transformation. The development of digital initiatives in the agro-industrial sector not only opens up new opportunities for increasing productivity and efficiency but also presents new challenges. The integration of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, blockchain, and process automation is changing traditional approaches to agribusiness, offering state-of-the-art methods for data management, production process optimization, and market interaction. Based on the analysis of the current level of digitization of business processes in agricultural enterprises, it is argued that the implementation of innovative technologies contributes to increased operational efficiency, reduced production costs, and increased profitability. It is substantiated that despite significant challenges such as farmers' conservatism and limited internet coverage, active implementation of advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, opens up new opportunities for farmers and contributes to the overall efficiency enhancement of installed equipment. At the same time, it is proven that to realize the full potential of digitization in the agricultural sector, state support is necessary through infrastructure development, legislative regulation, and financial incentives for investment in cutting-edge technologies, which will help reduce the digital divide between large and small agricultural enterprises and ensure a more resilient and productive agricultural sector. The development of digital initiatives in the agricultural sector aims to increase operational efficiency and create digital organizations, leading to lower production costs, increased profitability, and improved overall efficiency of installed equipment. Despite significant investments in IT solutions for agribusiness, challenges such as farmers' conservatism and limited internet coverage need to be overcome to realize the potential of digitization. The active implementation of advanced technologies, including the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, opens up new opportunities for farmers worldwide, simultaneously requiring them to adapt to digital data management and strengthen cybersecurity.

Влияние энергозатрат на формирование рационального машинно-тракторного парка

In the modern period, the structure of enterprises engaged in the production of agricultural products differs significantly from each other. The main differences include the presence, contour and condition of sown areas, as well as the composition and quality condition of the machine and tractor fleet. This can be explained by the fact that, along with enterprises that have large acreage and an energy-saturated machine and tractor fleet, small peasant farms (KFH) also participate in the production of agricultural products and the formation of the gross regional product in terms of the size of the acreage and the composition of the machine and tractor fleet. At the same time, they make a significant contribution to the production of gross domestic product. Thus, in the Amur region, the share of agricultural enterprises from all agricultural products produced in the region in the total volume accounts for up to 25 ... 28 percent. Thus, in the current production conditions, the issue of rational selection and formation of a machine and tractor fleet that would be optimal for both large agricultural holdings and small farms becomes particularly relevant. At the same time, when forming a machine and tractor fleet, the most responsible is the financial component, since the cost part, of course, is not comparable between large agricultural enterprises with high production volumes and small farms. If we analyze the market of agricultural machinery offered by manufacturers, it is very diverse both in price value and technological efficiency, and in energy saturation. Therefore, for the rational selection of the composition of the machine-tractor fleet and the train of machines, it is necessary to apply various methods based on the financial capabilities of a particular agricultural enterprise and other components of the production process. In this paper, we propose a method for selecting and forming a machine and tractor fleet, which is based on the use of energy consumption through the profitability coefficient, as an indicator that is most independent of market conditions. Keywords: MACHINE AND TRACTOR FLEET, ENERGY RESOURCES, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, PROFITABILITY, PROFITABILITY COEFFICIENT, PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY

Determining the Influence of Internal Factors on Indebtedness

Indebtedness and its level are one of the most important indicators of the healthy operation of every company. In this study, the authors deal with the analysis of the influence of certain selected internal factors on the level of indebtedness of agricultural enterprises in Serbia. Only large agricultural enterprises were taken as a sample, and the sample itself includes 5702 observations and 87 companies. The subject of the analysis is the annual panel data of large agricultural companies, and the analysis period covers from 2015 to 2021. In the analysis, the authors used the debt-to-asset indicator as a representative of the company's indebtedness, and it represents the only dependent variable. As independent variables, the authors used indicators of general liquidity, return on capital, return on assets, EBIT level, and equity level. The authors used several diagnostic tests to establish the validity of the regression model. To obtain the results, the authors used the POLS model, the fixed effects model, and the random effects model to determine the influence of independent variables on indebtedness. The results indicated the statistical significance and negative impact of indicators of general liquidity, return on capital, and the level of own capital on the level of indebtedness. The contribution of this paper is that it provides an insight into the relationship of certain internal factors to indebtedness, as well as helps in determining the best level of the relationship between the use of debt and own funds in the financing of the company.

Analysis of the Financial State and Efficiency of Activities of Organic Producers in Russia

Is denoted to the analysis of the financial condition and efficiency of organic producers to assess the potential for the development of organic agriculture in Russia. Methods of comparative and coefficient analysis, estimation of trends in time series, statistical groupings, and studies of the general properties of the sample were used. The source of information was the data of the accounting (financial) statements of organic producers for 2019-2021 from the State Information Resource for Accounting (Financial) Statements of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that organic crop production prevails in Russia, although this industry is inferior in terms of financial potential to other areas of agribusiness. The most financially stable and solvent can be called the production of organic livestock products, processing, and canning of organic products. The noted trend is more characteristic of the level of large agricultural enterprises. It should also be taken into account that, in general, only a small part of the enterprises in the analyzed population has reached the standard level of financial stability and performance indicators, which may generally indicate the low financial potential of organic producers in Russia and the need to attract available financial resources from external sources. The novelty of the study lies in the comparative assessment of production efficiency at enterprises of various scales of activity and different specializations in the production of organic products. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of sound proposals of organizational and financial orientation to ensure a realistically achievable increase in the efficiency of organic production in Russia, taking into account the identified resource potential.

Occupational Morbidity of Women Associated with Working Conditions in Agriculture

Introduction. About a third of employees of medium and large agricultural enterprises work in hazardous and harmful conditions. It is worth clarifying that the situation in this area is constantly changing, information may become outdated. The presented scientific work is designed to solve this problem. New information should be considered and systematized to study current data. The work objective is to analyze recently published official statistics on the impact of working conditions on the health of agricultural sector workers and, in particular, women. In addition, the problems of the formation and development of occupational diseases of women employed in agriculture are considered.Materials and Methods. The data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as the works of foreign and Russian scientists who studied the peculiarities of work in agriculture were used as research materials. Official statistics data were summarized in the form of tables, visualized as diagrams. The illustrative material allowed us, in particular, to compare the indicators, to identify the most significant risks associated with the work of women in the agro-industrial complex.Results. About 35% (that is, more than a third) of the personnel of medium and large enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are women. Many of them work in harmful and dangerous conditions. From 2015 to 2021, the corresponding minimum recorded figure was 26.4% of all women employed in agriculture, the maximum was 37%. Generalized statistical data suggested that from 2015 to 2021 the situation was not significantly improving, a downward trend was not formed. If to speak about hard work, the proportion of women performing such functions increased from 13.8 % to 17.7%, that is, by 2021 the situation noticeably worsened. We noted the progress with strenuous labor processes in agriculture. The proportion of women engaged in such jobs almost halved: from 3.5% to 1.8%. Physical overload, which functionally overstrain the organs and systems of the body, should be recognized as a particularly harmful factor for agricultural sector workers. The most problematic industry from the point of view of women's health was animal husbandry.Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the work allow us to conclude about the unsatisfactory working conditions of women in agriculture. The situation can be improved by state control, mutual interest of employers and employees in the organization of workplaces and the compliance with labor protection requirements. A systematic approach should reduce the number of occupational diseases among women, improve the health indicators of agricultural workers.

Multivector features of agricultural production in the Republic of Kazakhstan

In the current position of Kazakhstan on the world stage, food production accounts for more than 50% of the country's trade turnover, in this regard, the industry's prospects are to saturate food market and provide the population with jobs. Purpose the article shows the current state of food industry of the republic. Methods – analysis and synthesis, statistical, factorial, on the basis of which the assessment of current situation of food enterprises was made. Results – on the example of the Akmola region, indicators of the effectiveness of large, medium and small agricultural enterprises were identified. Sectoral, regional, socio-economic aspects of the development of food industry are considered. Assessing its place and role in food security, real opportunities and scientific and practical prerequisites for expanding the business environment and increasing employment are outlined. The authors point out the need for further development of the processing sector, which will provide agricultural producers with markets for their products, create conditions for employment, attract investments to the region, ensure socio-economic stability in the region, and improve the quality of life. The article presents the standards of budget subsidies for certain types of food. The importance of monitoring promising trends in food production in the country, which are currently little studied, is noted. Conclusions – agro-industrial complex of Kazakhstan is characterized by multi-vector sectoral parameters that affect the competitiveness of food products. Emphasis is placed on the relevance of organization of agro-logistic and service, wholesale and distribution centers. The solution of issues related to the supply of the population with food products in the required volumes is a priority task of state policy.

In the shadow of state-led agrarian reforms: smallholder pervasiveness in rural China

Agricultural modernisation is a longstanding goal of China’s Party-state. Since the early 2000s, it has pursued this goal through policies designed to facilitate land consolidation and support the expansion of large agricultural enterprises – ‘New Agricultural Operators’ (NAOs). In this paper we explore the effect of these policies on the livelihoods of a cohort of smallholder orange growers in the mountainous regions of Hubei province and the local political economy. An analysis of data from a 2019 survey of 266 households and interviews with villagers, agribusiness executives, cooperative leaders, and government officials, we find smallholder farmers are earning good incomes as independent commodity producers, withstanding attempts by local officials at land consolidation, and bypassing NAOs to self-determine their own modes of production and exchange. Our results speak to the ongoing debate about the future of smallholder farming in China, identify the strengths and limitations of recent state-centric analyses of agrarian transition, and re-iterate the pitfalls of the central government’s agricultural modernisation agenda.

Results of research on the productivity of fattening pigs in the technological module

Due to the high intensity and profitability of production, pig breeding is an engaging activity for both large agricultural enterprises and farms. Today, however, all the production growth comes from large pig farms and complexes. The share of small-scale farms decreases annually due to the need for modern scienceintensive technical and technological planning solutions that reduce labor costs and maximize the use of animal genetic potential. To solve this problem, the authors have developed a project and manufactured a prototype of a technological module for fattening pigs. The fattening period of pigs was 100 days from the age of three months. Studies showed that average daily gains ranged from 520 to 906 g and feed conversion ratio from 3.05 to 3.6 depending on the year. The consumption of water, electricity, and labor required for animals to gain 1 kg of live weight varied in the range of 6.54-8.25 liters/kg, 0.028-0.069 kWh/kg, and 0.031-0.064 person-hours/kg, respectively. The content of harmful gases such as CO2, NH3, and H2S generally complied with the maximum permissible concentrations, except for some time intervals during the cold season, so it was proposed to install an additional forced air extraction system during this period. The effectiveness of using the developed technological module on small-scale commercial enterprises, based on the obtained technical and economic indicators, is comparable to the hands of large pig farms.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR INNOVATIVE MODERNIZATION OF THE TECHNICAL BASE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

Purpose. The aim of the article is to offer practical recommendations for improving institutional support, in particular, state support for innovative modernization of their technical base based on the generalization of the research of scientists and the activities of farms in the corporate sector of the agrarian economy, Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods of economic research were used in the process of conducting the research, in particular: systemic approach − when studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of investment activities of agricultural enterprises; statistical analysis − when determining the dynamics of investments in agricultural enterprises; grouping − to determine the influence of various factors on the level of development of investment activity in small, medium and large enterprises; comparative − to compare investment processes in different time periods in order to identify a cause-and-effect relationship; dialectical, abstract and logical − when making theoretical generalizations, forming conclusions. Findings. It has been established that the priorities of investment activity for large, medium and small agricultural enterprises have become the implementation of capital investments, which serves as proof of their orientation towards the technical and technological modernization of the production base. Among the restraining factors of the development of investment activities, the following are highlighted: insufficient level of provision of own financial resources, imperfection of the regulatory and legal framework. Insufficient investments in increasing soil fertility and lack of economic interest in the implementation of ecologically oriented investment projects were noted. Originality. The directions for the modernization of the technical base of farms of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy in the post-war period of the country's revival, which involves improving the functioning of institutions, primarily methods of state support and the formation of prerequisites for attracting investments on the basis of public and private partnership, are substantiated. Practical value. The proposed recommendations can be used in the development of perspective plans for the development of small, medium and large agricultural enterprises, as well as in the preparation of state and regional programs for the comprehensive development of rural areas in the post-war period of the revival of the country's economy. Key words: innovation, institution, technical base, agricultural sector, investment, state, lending

Нормативно-правове регулювання підготовки інтегрованої звітності

In order to make management decisions to ensure the sustainable development of the enterprise, appropriate accounting support is required, an important element of which is integrated reporting. Since 2018, medium and large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine have been required to prepare a Management Report. In practice, during the preparation of this report, questions still arise because the information requirements for this element of integrated reporting grow every year. The article aims to analyze the legal regulation of the formation of integrated reporting by agricultural enterprises and identify problems related to the preparation of integrated reporting in Ukraine. The regulatory and legal regulation structure of financial and non-financial indicators of integrated reporting in Ukraine was disclosed. An analysis of indicators that must be disclosed in integrated reporting has been carried out. It has been established that the appearance of a mandatory, independent Management Report in Ukraine results from the implementation of EU Directives. The Management Report is intended to supplement financial reporting with non-financial information that characterizes the state and prospects of the enterprise's development, reflecting its activity's main risks and uncertainties. At present, a precise mechanism for the publication of non-financial statements is not defined by law, and responsibility for the completeness and reliability of the published information in non-financial statements is not provided. At the same time, Ukrainian enterprises are gradually joining the practice of compiling integrated reporting and placing it freely available on their websites. This study will help enterprises better understand the requirements governing the preparation and publication process of integrated reporting, particularly the Management Report.

Uspostavljanje mehanizma kontrolinga u procesima organizacije i upravljanja od strane top menadžmenta u poljoprivrednim preduzećima u Republici Srbiji

The establishment of controlling as a mechanism that will contribute to economic support in business decision-making processes and the organization of the management structure established by the top management in agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia is extremely important. The essential improvement of business decisions in agricultural enterprises can be linked to the established controlling mechanisms, which was the focus of the authors of this study. In the study, a correlation analysis was performed, which points to the existence of significance at the level of p<0.05, between the size of the organization of the agricultural enterprise and the implementation of controlling. In addition, the authors strengthened the research from the aspect of realistic presentation of the analysis of the obtained business results of the observed large and medium-sized enterprises in relation to the introduced controlling mechanism. It was discovered that there is a different success in the obtained business results of agricultural companies that introduced controlling compared to those that did not introduce controlling in regular operations. The value of the obtained Pearson Chi-Square is 11.190a, as well as the fact that p<0.005, which means that we discovered that the introduced form of controlling significantly affects the operations of medium and large agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia.

Technical and economic substantiation of directions for investing in the innovative development of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises

Purpose. Increasing the efficiency of investments in the technical re-equipment of agricultural production due to the justification of the priority directions for updating the machine-tractor park fleet of the enterprise and the compliance of the indicators of the assignment of technical means with the requirements of agricultural machinery for the quality and time of execution of technological operations. Methods. Monographic, economic-mathematical, analytical, abstract-logical. Results. As a result of the analysis of the yield dynamics of agricultural crops and the structure of costs for their cultivation in various types of enterprises, it was established that the main factor in increasing the economic efficiency of agricultural production is the introduction of innovative resource-saving technologies and their latest technical support. It was noted that the possibilities of attracting investment resources in the innovative development of the material and technical base in large agricultural enterprises and agroholdings are significantly higher than in small farms and farms. Methodical approaches to the determination of investment-attractive areas of re-equipment, which will ensure the maximum economic effect from capital investments, are proposed. Conclusions. The main factor in increasing the volume and increasing the efficiency of crop production is the innovative development of the technical and technological base of the industry, which should ensure the continuity and rhythm of production processes, their adaptability to changing natural and climatic conditions. As the basis of the strategy of investing in the innovative development of the material and technical base of agricultural enterprises, it is advisable to take the achievement of the greatest profit from the use of innovations in production processes. The greatest effect from the use of a new technical tool will be achieved if its performance indicators are aligned with the requirements of agricultural technology for the quality and timing of technological operations. Keywords: material costs, energy costs, productivity, investment, equipment, material and technical base, priority directions.

Assessing Corporate Financial Health. Evidence from the Agricultural Sector in the Republic of Serbia

"A large number of studies have been conducted examining certain aspects of the financial situation of agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. However, the overall situation of these companies has rarely been the subject of analysis in previous studies. Therefore, this paper represents an attempt to comprehensively assess the financial conditions of large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. Three models (Emerging market scoring, DF Indicator and G-Index) were used to analyse the key areas of financial security (liquidity and debt) and business success of 38 agricultural enterprises in the period from 2017 to 2021. By classifying the total values recorded into zones of financial health, an assessment of their overall position was made. The companies studied at the group level showed a satisfactory financial situation, due to favourable performance in individual cases, while the majority of enterprises were at risk in all business dimensions studied, with the exception of debt. During the analysis period, most of the companies under review recorded low liquidity, which was often accompanied by low profitability. The results of this work provide an insight into the key specifics of the activity of agricultural companies from the point of view of financial analysis and, in this sense, represent an important additional tool in the process of their management, but also contribute to creating an adequate basis for comparison with other business activities in the Republic of Serbia. "

Practical aspects of estimation of influence of groups of lobbyism are on priorities of strategy of development of rural areas and agricultural enterprises

In the article certainly priorities of the strategic planning of rural areas development and agricultural enterprises recognition weak stimulus of transformation of expectations on the real actions of groups of lobbyism in the conditions of risks which generate potentially negative risk decisions in accordance with standard rational expectations. There is disparity between subjective expectations and rational actions of groups of lobbyism in the conditions of institutional features of the partner organizations predefined prognoses in relation to strategy of rural areas development in previous periods and forming of subjective expectations about the prospects of deepening a particular branch aspects of European integration and subsequent institutional approchement of regional development policy for providing food security. Systematic uncoincidences between legalistically declared and really incarnate through the institutes of development strategy predetermine disparities of structure in a particular branch investments in an agro-food subcomplex for food security providing at national level. Inconsistency of priorities of agro-food subcomplex strategic development between entrepreneurs interested in permanent expansion of raw material export of plant-based products with the low degree of processing to the high marginal oversea markets and farms, oriented mainly to the internal consumers, predetermines disproportion of capital generuting for development of separate branches. Potential influence of groups of lobbyism at national level in transformation of development priorities of branches of agriculture recognition the limited influence of public opinion of habitants in rural areas at regional level predetermines strengthening of disproportion of development and standard of rural population living in different territorial areas, forming the important aspect of socio-economic reality. Disproportion and recurrence of dynamics of increase of the labour productivity increases for agricultural producers. Achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals priorities becomes complicated in the conditions of stochastic network reactions of groups of lobbyism on calls in a national agro-food subcomplex. The network going near activity of groups of lobbyism predetermines strengthening of competition for bringing in of solvent agricultural producers to membership in institutional organization and their possibilities from development of analytical instruments. In a national agro-food subcomplex more widespread lobbyism is at parliamentary and ministerial level by comparison to private lobbyism of interests in concrete subject of entrepreneurial activity. Basic attention is spared development and realization at support of groups of lobbyism decisions from the questions of simplification access to land-tenure, enhancement output to the oversea markets with an export raw material agricultural produce and simplifications of terms of access foreign agricultural chemistry to the national market. At regional level influence of groups of lobbyism is related to the point forming of advantages for the profitability increase of separate subjects of entrepreneurial activity. A long-term income stimulates agricultural enterprises strategy priorities of development through the groups of lobbyism. Greater possibilities for lobbying of strategy priorities in a national agro-food subcomplex at large agricultural enterprises. Farms in the conditions of competition are limited in income generating and have less possibilities for lobbying of acceptable decisions in a national agro-food subcomplex. Potential possibilities of income generating in concrete industry of agriculture stimulate the subjects of entrepreneurial activity to increase activity of own participation on bringing in of different groups of lobbyism for advancement of the forecast administrative decisions from development of constituents of national agro-food subcomplex. The groups of lobbyism are oriented on simplification of procedures of regulator influence on development of branches of agriculture in Ukraine. In the period of post-war reсovery of national agro-food subcomplex influence of groups of lobbyism on making decision from the questions of industries development is transformed recognition necessity of food security providing at national and regional level.

Economic and Social Consequences of the Concentration of Production in Agricultural Enterprises in Ukraine

Abstract Research background: Assessment of the positive and negative aspects of the concentration of agricultural production in Ukraine, including in the form of agricultural holdings, is very dynamic due to the dynamic macroeconomic conditions of doing business here. Purpose: The goal of the article is to present the results of research and an assessment of the consequences of the concentration of agricultural production in Ukraine through indicators of changes in the size and efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Research methodology: The research methodology is based on the general dialectic approach and includes the following methods: induction, monographic, graphical, grouping, analysis of dynamic series, and formalization of calculation algorithms. Results: Regularities of influence of the sizes of the agrarian enterprises on the efficiency of their functioning are revealed. The study showed that the concentration of production creates a number of strengths in agricultural production in the country as a whole which helps to solve certain social problems. However, the concentration of agricultural production does not increase the economic efficiency of enterprises. Novelty: The assessment of the consequences of large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and the activities of agricultural holding companies has been differentiated. Previously made conclusions of other researchers on the consequences of the concentration in agricultural production has been clarified.

Неравномерность развития аграрной отрасли в современной Калмыкии: результаты и перспективы

Introduction. Agriculture is a priority sector of Kalmykia’s economy. Both the economic and social spheres of the Republic depend on its actual conditions. Goals. The study aims to identify the dynamics and factors of change for asymmetries in the agricultural sector of present-day Kalmykia. Materials. To facilitate this, the paper analyzes statistical data characterizing modern socioeconomic processes in the Republic, reviews scientific publications examining the current state of the region’s economy. Results. The key factors of Kalmykia’s socioeconomic development asymmetries are the poorly diversified economic structure characterized by a pronounced agricultural orientation, deterioration of sociodemographic indicators (population decline, low wages and incomes, active migration outside the Republic). For these reasons, Kalmykia is classified as a crisis region, since any development of its industries needs government support. The region’s economic asymmetries also lead to poverty, and the undertaken efforts aimed at its reduction have somewhat very slow-paced effects. The development asymmetries in the main economic sector of the region are rooted in climatic, economic (liquidation of large agricultural enterprises in the 1990s, local introduction of efficient means and technologies for agricultural production), and demographic factors (active migration, rural depopulation).

Efficiency measures and influencing factors for rural land outsourcing: Evidence from China, 2003–2015

In the context of China’s vigorous promotion of its rural revitalization and land transfer policy, land outsourcing is a perspective worthy of attention to understand China’s rural land production and agricultural development. Based on rural land outsourcing in China from 2003 to 2015, this study adopts DEA efficiency analysis and Tobit regression analysis to measure the efficiency of rural land outsourcing in China as well as discuss its influencing factors. The results show that 1) from 2003 to 2015, the efficiency of rural land outsourcing in China has risen, especially in the eastern region, where the efficiency has the best performance. Overall, technical efficiency has hindered the improvement of rural land outsourcing efficiency. 2) The development of rural land outsourcing is restricted by factors such as the newly increased arable land area in rural areas, the foreign labor force, and rural managers, while land outsourcing income cannot significantly promote the expansion of land outsourcing. 3) Large rural agricultural enterprises or cooperatives enhance the efficiency of land outsourcing. Under the food security policy, realizing the technological increment of land outsourcing and land economy can effectively promote the scale and production efficiency of land outsourcing.