Language Tools Research Articles

Development of an automatic grammar checker for Yorùbá word processing using Government and Binding Theory

Grammar checkers have been developed for well-resourced languages such as French, German and English. However, there is a dearth of automatic grammar checkers for African languages including Standard Yorùbá (SY) and consequently no standard software application. This study developed a software system for Yorùbá grammar checking. Requirements for a Yorùbá grammar checking system were investigated by gathering information on Yorùbá syntax from Textbooks and Journals. Based on the information gathered, a computational model was formulated using the theoretical framework of Government and Binding (GB). The formulated system was designed using the Context Free Grammar Tool in Automata Theory. The system was implemented using the Python programming language version 3.5 and Natural Language Tool kit (NLTK). The system was tested for accuracy using a total of three hundred sentences. In detecting grammatically correct and incorrect sentences, an accuracy of 86.67%, 88.89% and 88.89% were achieved for simple, complex and compound sentences respectively. The grammar checker has been able to function as an automatic grammatical error checker of Yorùbá digital text. Its implementation in software applications has the potential to increase the quality of Yorùbá word processing. Also, the dictionary of words created can be used in other areas of human language processing.

Ethnoparenting: Pengenalan Bahasa Krama Inggil Sejak Dini dalam Lingkungan Keluarga Komunitas Kejawen Kalitanjung

this research will discuss how to introduce the Krama Inggil language from an early age in the family environment in the Kejawen Kalitanjung Community in Tambaknegara Village, Rawalo District, Banyumas Regency. The subjects of this study were five families in the Kejawen Kalitanjung Community. This research method uses field qualitative methods (field research) through data collection techniques by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. Informants in the study were traditional leaders, parents and children. Results of the study prove that the introduction of the Krama Inggil language from an early age in the family environment of the Kejawen Kalitanjung Community uses four methods of language recognition, namely; (1) introduction to the Krama Inggil language through parental experiences, (2) introduction to the Krama Inggil language through storytelling media, (3) introduction to the Krama Inggil language through surrounding objects, (4) introduction to the Krama Inggil language through interaction and communication. These four habits are carried out by families in the Kejawen Kalitanjung Community in instilling attitudes, actions, and words from ancestors who adhere to Javanese cultural traditions. Implication is that children are able to gain good Javanese language tools, communicate politely and politely, develop a sense of sympathy, and have Javanese nobility skills.

Deep Learning-based Sequence Labeling Tools for Nepali

A Part-of-Speech (POS) tagger and Chunker (or shallow parser) are sequence labeling tools, crucial for improving the accuracy of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks like parsing, named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, information extraction, and so on. Developing such tools for a low-resource language is an arduous task. Nepali is a relatively resource-poor Indian language and has not been able to evolve from a computational perspective. Therefore, we present effective part-of-speech tagging and chunking tools for the Nepali text using sequential deep learning models—Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network with a Conditional Random Field Layer (BI-LSTM-CRF) and other LSTM-based models exploring both character and word embeddings of the Nepali texts. Word Embedding has been used to capture syntactic as well as semantic information whereas character embedding has been applied to capture the morphological as well as shape information of words and also to handle the out-of-vocabulary problem. The developed chunker is the first statistical chunker for the Nepali language. A baseline model with a Conditional Random Field has also been developed to identify the optimum feature set for the aforementioned tasks. The BI-LSTM-CRF model produced an accuracy of 99.20% and 98.40%, for Nepali POS tagging and chunking, respectively. This is the highest-ever accuracy for Nepali. Thorough error analysis and observations have also been reported with examples. The developed tools can help advance research in Nepali language processing, improve the accuracy of language technology applications, and contribute to the preservation and promotion of the Nepali language.

Орнамент как основа формирования алгоритмических умений будущих бакалавров изобразительного и прикладных видов искусств

Ornamental compositions open up significant opportunities for the formation of algorithmic skills among bachelors of fine and applied arts. Geometric ornament is a good training material for the construction and analysis of digital art models with a flexible level of complexity. Descriptive geometry is considered as an applied tool for analyzing and creating an ornamental composition. The analysis of the ornament allows you to read architectural and artistic forms more professionally. The integration of descriptive geometry and computer graphics disciplines takes the content to a qualitatively new level. Geometric constructions in ornamental compositions are functionally convenient for creating digital models when studying vector graphic editors. The article reveals the problem of the formation of algorithmic skills among future bachelors of art as an important component of algorithmic culture and computational thinking. The descriptive geometry language and digital tools of vector computer graphics were chosen as the language of the algorithm description in solving ornamental compositions. The article presents a generalized algorithm for constructing a digital model of ornamental compositions, consisting of analytical, search, constructive, reproductive, reflexive, evaluative stages, including action and auxiliary questions for finding a solution to a graphical problem. An example of a particular algorithm for constructing the rose of Amiens Cathedral, performed by a student in the framework of studying the discipline "Modern Information Technologies", is given. The search for solutions at each stage is carried out with the help of auxiliary questions of the generalized algorithm. Special attention is paid to such stages of the algorithm as reflection of the finished digital model to investigate the possibility of using it in a given material.

Embracing AI: Using Cat-GPT to Encourage Classroom Discussion

While some resist the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the classroom, fearing plagiarism and misinformation, others view it as a powerful tool for learning that can help students and instructors alike. Because of students’ enthusiasm for such tools, it is important for instructors to address their use. As such, the purpose of this “quick fix” is to explore one possibility for embracing responsible use of AI in the classroom. Namely, I discuss the utility of introducing students to Cat-GPT, a generative language tool similar to Chat-GPT that generates lighthearted, but still thoughtful, responses to queries, alongside silly cat animations. I discuss utility of the tool for guiding students in exercises meant to help them to find ways to expand upon their knowledge. I find that the contrast of the whimsical language with the power of the tool make it especially fun for class activities and discussion. Students appreciate the silliness, and it captures their attention enough to allow for serious classroom discussions about the benefits and drawbacks of AI tools.

An Exploration of Chinese Language International Education Exchange and Cooperation Model Based on Random Forest Model

Abstract Chinese culture is always the eternal root of the Chinese nation and is an important language tool used in international exchanges between China and the rest of the world. As China’s status in the international arena has been enhanced in recent years, people from all over the world have become increasingly interested in the Chinese language, and more and more people are going to China to study it. Because of this, in recent years, the academic field has been researching the exchange and cooperation model of Chinese language international education, but most focus on quality rather than reality. This paper takes Chinese international education in colleges and universities as the research object and composes and summarizes the results of international scholars’ exploration of the exchange and cooperation model of Chinese international education. Based on the relevant theoretical foundation of the random forest algorithm; then, based on the previous research experience, four hypotheses are put forward on the influencing factors of the Chinese international education exchange and cooperation model, and combined with statistical theory, the correlation coefficient and visualization are used to demonstrate the size and direction of the correlation between each influencing factor and the Chinese international education exchange and cooperation model; then, the random forest algorithm is carried out from two perspectives of feature selection and weighted random forest Then, the random forest algorithm is optimised from two perspectives: feature selection and weighted random forest, and the model of Chinese international education exchange and cooperation is constructed, with the decidability coefficient (R 2) as the evaluation index of model accuracy, and the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) as the evaluation index of model error. The four hypothetical factors (AQI) indices were analyzed for 3, 6, and 9 years respectively. The results of this study show that the index analysis of the random forest algorithm-based model of Chinese language international education exchange and cooperation is highly evaluated. In the analysis of the AQI indices for 3, 6, and 9 years, the coefficient of decidability (R 2) of the four models reached 0.84, 0.74, and 0.63, respectively, with an increase of 14.23% in the evaluation of the indicator coefficients, an average reduction of 5.77% in the mean absolute error (MAE) and an average reduction of 5.42% in the root mean square error (MAE). According to the above results, the random forest algorithm-based Chinese language international education exchange and cooperation model constructed in this paper possesses good correlation analysis, which promotes Chinese language international education exchange and cooperation and facilitates humanistic exchanges between China and other countries in the world to become more in-depth and the common development of the global economy.

WAYS OF PRESENTING THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBJECT / OBJECT OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VERB ‘ЛЮБОВАТЬСЯ’ {LYUBOVAT’SYA})

The article discusses the features of the use of verbs of visual perception, in particular, the verb ‘любоваться’ {lyubovat’sya}, in Russian and English. In order to identify the specifics of the syntagmatic and paradigmatic relations of this lexeme with adjacent linguistic units, to determine its place in the structure of the semantic field "visual perception of an object", a study of its semantic content, pragmatic functions determined by the author's intentions, features of contextual use and participation in the formation of figurative language tools was carried out. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the specific use of the verb under consideration is due to the syncretism of its grammatical functions, which include: the nomination of the process, the characteristics of the relationship between the participants in the situation, and the expression of the axiological assessment of both the object and the subject of visual perception. The representativeness of the study is provided by examples from the texts of classical literature of different time periods. Illustrative examples are taken from the National Corpus of the Russian Language [https://ruscorpora.ru] and the Corpus of Contemporary American English [https://www.english-corpora.org/coca/].

Incorporating sparse model machine learning in designing cultural heritage landscapes

Managing, protecting, and the evolutionary development of historical landscapes require robust frameworks and processes for forming datasets and advanced decision support tools. Despite the great potential, using pattern language, machine learning, and regenerative and generative design tools has yet to be adopted in historic landscape research due to the need for suitable training datasets. To address this theoretical and technical gap, this paper describes a three-step workflow, namely photogrammetry, feature extraction and discriminative feature analytics, to help facilitate the use of advanced ML tools for cultural heritage decision support. Sparse-Learning-Modelling (SLM) was used to help with feature extraction from small datasets. The developed tool was successfully tested on the 3D point cloud models of 13 heritage sites, and these could be replicated in other heritage sites with distinctive Cultural DNA worldwide. The findings of this research can extend the discourse of adopting advanced AI/digital tools in heritage landscape design.

Tools for development of Spanish lexical competence

Teaching tools are the required component of the teaching foreign languages and cultures system in high educational institutions. The authors of this article offer to complete the current typology of teaching foreign language and culture tools with the help of two more groups. The lexical competence that is one of the components of foreign language communicative competence still remains the target to develop at various levels of foreign language learning. The authors of this article perform an analytical review of modern tools that can form lexical competence for prospective Spanish teachers, mainly at the stage of introducing new lexical units to students. Some illustrative material is provided by teaching tools offered by the authors of didactic materials posted on professional blogs which are aimed on teaching Spanish as a foreign language, as well as tools created by the co-author of this article, Prof. Bihych O. The authors also analyze the implementation of gamification as a new trend in the educational process in didactic materials of Spanish methodologists.

Integration of state machine graphical animation and Maude to facilitate characteristic conjecture: an approach to lemma discovery in theorem proving

State Machine Graphical Animation (called SMGA) is a visualization tool that assists formal methods experts in conjecturing characteristics of a protocol/system. The characteristics guessed by using the tool can be used as lemma candidates to theorem prove that the protocol/system satisfies its desired properties. Because previous work has shown that interaction in SMGA is one promising factor to foster assistance, in this paper, we revise SMGA equipping it with various interactive features in order to help human users in conjecturing lemmas. Moreover, we integrate SMGA and Maude, a declarative language and high-performance tool, so that the revised version of SMGA (called r-SMGA) can use some powerful features of Maude, such as parsing associative-commutative binary operators as well as context-free grammars, reachability analysis, and model checking. We conduct a case study with the Suzuki-Kasami protocol to demonstrate the usefulness of these new features. In the case study, some characteristics are conjectured and confirmed with these features. Based on the guessed characteristics and assistance of r-SMGA, we successfully prove that the protocol enjoys the mutual exclusion property. Finally, we propose guidelines that can help users to conjecture characteristics using r-SMGA. Our result shows that the graphical animation approach is useful for lemma conjecture in theorem proving. The formal verification is a part of the case study.

Language outcomes at 4 years of linguistically diverse children born very preterm: an Australian retrospective single-centre study

BackgroundVery preterm children are at increased risk of language delays. Concerns have been raised about the utility of standardised English language tools to diagnose language delay in linguistically diverse children....

Automated translation from domain knowledge to software model: EXCEL2UML in the tunneling domain

The development of software tools is a collaborative process involving both the domain experts and the software engineers. This requires efficient communication considering different expertise and perspectives. Additionally, the two groups utilize language and communication tools in disparate ways. This, in turn, may lead to hidden misunderstandings in the requirement analysis phase and potentially result in implementation problems later on, that is difficult and costly to correct. In this paper, we demonstrate the above mentioned challenge via a use case from the tunneling domain. In particular, during the requirement analysis phase for a software capable of handling the data model of the subsoil. The domain experts in the field can best express the complexity of their domain by describing its artifacts, which in most cases are incomprehensible to the software engineers. We outline a method that interleaves requirement analysis and software modeling to enable an iterative increase of the accuracy and completeness of the information extracted from those artifacts and integrated into a flexible software model, which can produce testable software code automatically. Furthermore, we present a prototypical implementation of our method and a preliminary evaluation of the approach.

A standardised communication tool reduces radiation exposure associated with intraoperative fluoroscopy

BackgroundThe widespread use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in orthopaedic procedures has revolutionised surgical practice. However, there are risks associated with using ionising radiation. Efforts to reduce radiation exposure include low-dose imaging protocols and lead protective equipment. Current communication during fluoroscopic procedures can be inefficient and lead to excessive radiation exposure for patients and staff.AimsThis study aims to implement a communication tool with standardised commands to reduce radiation exposure in an Irish orthopaedic department.MethodsRadiation exposure was evaluated using dose-area product (DAP) measured in uGy/m2. A control group was recorded before implementing the communication tool. Training sessions were conducted and posters of the standardised commands were displayed. Feedback was collected from surgeons and radiographers via surveys. Statistical analysis was performed to compare pre- and post-intervention groups.ResultsA total of 673 surgical cases were included over 6 months. The post-intervention group showed a mean reduction in radiation exposure from 59.8 to 36.4 uGy/m2 (p < 0.011). Subset analyses revealed reduced radiation exposure for ORIF of the distal radius, ankle, humerus, and phalanges. Surgeons and radiographers recognised the need for improved communication and expressed willingness to learn the new tool.ConclusionsImplementation of a standardised communication tool effectively reduced patient and staff radiation exposure. It was also believed to have a positive effect on theatre staff morale. Incorporating a universal language tool into training programmes could be beneficial. Surgeons and radiographers provided several suggestions to improve the effectiveness and implementation of this tool into other units.

Unlocking the Power of Online Gaming: Exploring Its Potential as a Language and Communication Tool in the English Classroom - A Survey

Online games are believed to have excellent potential because they can hold students’ attention for long durations. It empowers the learners to participate more actively in the whole learning process. Communication is crucial in industry and higher education, so students must be proficient in LSRW (listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing) skills. This study used a quantitative research method, a survey questionnaire, to gather tertiary-level students' perspectives on utilising online games to strengthen language and communication abilities. The participants in this study were tertiary-level students, and their ages ranged between 17 and 24 years. Google Forms was used to gather the responses to the survey. The collected data has been analysed using the SPSS (Statistical software for the social sciences). The result of the study shows that the use of online games in English language learning is becoming more popular, and learners are more interested to learn and practice the language through online games.

Computer-Assisted Vocabulary Learning for Thai Deaf Students: A Case Study of Sot Suksa School for the Deaf

In a world without sound, learning to communicate, read, write, and expand one’s vocabulary requires a community of expert communicators in sign language. For many deaf individuals in Thailand who are born into hearing-abled families, access to the expert assistance they need to learn communication skills does not begin until their first years of compulsory education. By that time, academically, they are already many years behind their hearing-abled peers. The present study employed an experimental research design to investigate the influence of computer-assisted language learning technology, DeafReader, on the vocabulary skills of deaf students in Thailand. After a six-week intervention, one-way ANOVA analysis showed no significant difference in pre-test and post-test scores between the treatment and control groups. Additional analysis found a significant difference in performance between male and female students. Age differences in the acquisition of foundation language skills between genders were considered to be an influencing factor in the results of this study. The author concludes that students may have lacked the basic language skills needed for technology intervention to be effective. The author recommends examining the effects on an older age group and exploring the use of DeafReader as a learning tool for fingerspelling, sign language, and mapping text to sign.

Research on visual simulation for complex weapon equipment interoperability based on MBSE

AbstractAs military reforms continue to develop, the battlefield environment is becoming increasingly complex, and traditional single-service combat methods have evolved into integrated joint and collaborative information operations that break down service boundaries on land, sea, and air. The level of weapon system confrontation has also evolved into a system-to-system confrontation. Traditional document-based system architecture design methods can no longer address the complexity and emergent challenges of weapon system construction. In this paper, based on model-driven system engineering, an open, integrated, model-driven weapon equipment interaction system that supports human interaction was constructed using the SysML modeling language and Magicdraw modeling tool. The Unreal Engine 4 landscape building function was used to construct a virtual battlefield environment, and a communication server was developed using C# language to perform visual simulation of interoperability between weapon systems. Based on model-driven weapon equipment interoperability, visual simulation is used to ensure that the function of the weapon equipment system meets the requirements of combat and the combat effectiveness of the system is maximized.

Using Multimedia Information Retrieval Technology to Optimize the Strategies of College English Teaching

Abstract In the design of college ELT(English Language Teaching), it is the most important link to create situations conducive to learners’ meaning construction. At present, the starting point of college ELT is no longer simply and mechanically teaching words, sentences, and grammar, but based on language tools, which improves students’ cultural quality, personality, and professional knowledge. Therefore, this paper makes a research on college ELT through multimedia information retrieval technology. The research shows that 38.40% of the students think that the use of multimedia in teaching can stimulate their interest in learning. 14.66% of the students believe that they can effectively stimulate their interest in learning through extracurricular activities in English. Only 7.38% of the students felt that teachers should encourage and help them. Some students think that emphasizing the importance of English learning can stimulate their interest in learning. At present, the English classroom is more scientific, orderly, diversified, and systematic, which provides convenience for the new curriculum reform being implemented. This paper discusses ELT under multimedia information retrieval technology and puts forward predictive strategies for the problems that may arise now and in the future.

System verification via Model‐Checking: A case study of an autonomous multi‐differential drive robot

AbstractModel‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been utilized in practice to design and behavioral modeling cyber‐physical systems. The Vee model helps frame MBSE's lifecycle approach, with system verification a vital aspect of the qualification process. However, popular modeling language tools in MBSE, such as Systems Modeling Language (SysML), are incapable of formally verifying these systems. Model checking allows for the development of formal system models similar in abstraction to SysML models for automatically checking if these formal models satisfy formal specifications. We propose an approach to translate behavioral diagrams in SysML, such as state‐machine diagrams, to the popular symbolic model checker NuSMV for formal verification. As a case study, we apply this process to autonomous multi‐differential drive robots (DDR). Subsequently, the NuSMV model is verified against some formal operational specifications obtained from the requirements diagram of the DDR. This system verification approach can help System Engineers identify design flaws or incorrect modeling or specifications that could be missed during the design phase through the results of the model checking process.

Use of Mathematical and Unified Modelling Language Tools to Provide Learning Motivation System for Students in Tertiary Institution

Prompt information dissemination is essential for effective teaching and learning. This paper presents mathematical and Unified Modelling Language (UML) tools using html and CSS for front end, Python for logic tier and MySQL for the database to provide an SMS-Based Lecture Motivation System which will motivate staff and students for academic activities by alerting them on lecture schedules and reschedules at specific times prior to the scheduled time. The developed prototype was tested on Electrical/Electronic department, it was able to achieve the design objectives.

Analysis and Design of Incoming and Outgoing Cash Accounting Information Systems at Kilometer 28 Laundry using the Pieces and Waterfall Methods with Unified Modeling Language (Uml) Tools

This research focuses on helping Laundry Kilometer 28 in recording cash in and cash out transactions which are still manual so it is not efficient because of the increase in customers. Researchers conducted an analysis using the PIECES method to find out how the system is running, what are the system deficiencies and what the system needs. The researcher designed a system for recording incoming and outgoing cash at Laundry Kilometer 28 using the waterfall method with UML (Unified Modeling Language) tools. Methods of data collection in the form of interviews and direct observation to analyze the Kilometer 28 Laundry business process to owners, cashiers and regular customers. The results of this study are system design with use case diagrams, activity diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams compiled with draw.io, Microsoft Visio Drawing which is then visualized for its interface with Microsoft Power Point.