Grammar Of Language Research Articles

A Brief Introduction of the Turi Language of Eastern India

This article presents a brief introduction to the North Munda (Austro-Asiatic) language Turi, spoken by some 1,500 speakers throughout the Indian states of Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam. After a brief introduction to the ethnic Turi group, we present a skeleton grammar of the Turi language as spoken in northwestern Odisha state, where it is still being learned by children as their home language. We then discuss the position of Turi within the Kherwarian (North Munda) group by comparing our lexical data for Turi with that for twelve other Kherwarian varieties as given in Kobayashi et al. (2003), using the software COG from the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Our results suggest that Turi is a sister language to all of the dialects of Santali and that it together with these forms the Santali-Turi branch of Kherwarian. We end with a discussion of the possible consequences of these results for the linguistic and ethnic prehistory of eastern central India.

Značilnosti jezikoslovnega opisa določne in nedoločne oblike slovenskega pridevnika ter določnosti pri nekaterih slovenskih jezikoslovcih

Some established Slovene linguists in their works, included the grammar of the Slovene language, Slovenska slovnica, do not seem to present an unambiguous distinction between relational adjectives on the one hand and qualitative and material adjectives on the other. Uncertainties arise in the following areas: 1. The interpretation of denominal adjectives like gozden/-dni and sodoben/-bni. Should we regard both forms (definite and indefinite) as a qualitative adjective or should we consider its definite form a relational adjective when it appears as a part of a fixed phrase? A review of Slovene and foreign scientific literature shows that the later interpretation is more appropriate. 2. Should we consider the definite form of adjectives in (occasional) fixed phrases (sodobni turist) a relational adjective at all, or should we rather consider it a relational use of qualitative adjectives? The article leaves this question open. 3. Is definiteness as a semantic, grammatical and textual category presented appropriately in Slovenska slovnica, especially in connection with the definite and indefinite Slovene adjectival forms? The article shows that the presentation is misleading. The main purpose for debating the inappropriate passages in the linguistic descriptions of the abovementioned phenomena lays in the author’s need to establish an efficient interpretative apparatus in order to study the relationship between the definite and indefinite adjectival form and definiteness, especially in those contexts where the choice of one or another form is difficult. The author thus decides to talk about the qualitative, material and relational use of adjectives, instead of qualitative, material and relational adjectives.

Developing Courses of Spanish for Specific Purposes in Agriculture to Bridge the Communication Gap Between the Hispanic Workforce and English-Speaking Veterinary and Animal Sciences Students

This study addresses the integration of Spanish for Specific Purposes in Agriculture (SSPA) into the curricula of English-speaking veterinary and animal sciences students at three collaborating universities (Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, and Tarleton State University), to bridge communication gaps in agricultural settings. We designed and implemented three SSPA courses focused on key areas such as animal health, welfare, and food safety, using insights from industry professionals. The courses incorporated contextualized language instruction, including vocabulary, grammar, and practical communication scenarios relevant to the field. Teaching materials including interactive resources and metacognitive strategies were developed to enhance learning and engagement. The results showed that while the courses improved students’ communication skills, challenges such as technical issues and balancing academic commitments required adjustments to course delivery. Significant differences in performance were observed between institutions, with a considerable impact on the course completion rates and final test scores. The study concludes that SSPA courses significantly enhance the ability of veterinary and animal sciences students to effectively communicate with the Hispanic workforce, providing a model for similar language integration efforts in specialized fields.

Investigating Dynamic's Mental Approaches of English Grammar on EFL Learners at the University Level

This study aims to investigate some innovative mental approaches to learning English language grammar on EFL learners that graduation students in the English language department use. The researcher focused on this area because many difficulties and complex items need to be used. This study was carried out in April- 2021 with a random sample of 30 at Al-Baha University in the Faculty of Science and Arts in Almekhwa. A questionnaire was designed and participants chose one appropriate option from the three options: (I use it always, I use it sometimes and I don't use it). Percentage, frequencies, and graphs were used to analyze data collected, and an interview was conducted. The study's main results showed that the participants always use the following mental approaches; '' The students need patience on the teacher's part. – individual study and online class''. Many students need great awareness to use some approaches as staying curious, critical thinking for group discussions, and applying a judicious mix of techniques The study recommended that there are many varieties of mental approaches to enhance English language grammar learning in proper ways of ''ELF learners''.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Lopatin (for the 90th anniversary of his birth)

The study is devoted to the 90th anniversary of V.V. Lopatin’s birth (1935–2021) – Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, specialist in word formation, morphemics, morphology, and spelling, and chairman of the Spelling commission of RAS in 2000–2014. The study characterises crucial stages of V.V. Lopatins’ life and scientific paths; his contribution to domestic science is conceptualized, and some myths and stereotypes about Lopatin’s spelling work in the 1990s and 2000s are debunked, including the myths of the new edition of the rules of Russian spelling and punctuation (2000). Special attention is paid on two main stages of V.V. Lopatin’s scientific biography – the participation in the creation of academic descriptive grammars of the Russian language and work at the Spelling commission of RAS, which prepared academic “Russian spelling vocabulary” and a complete academic guide, “The rules of Russian spelling and punctuation.” V.V. Lopatin’s activity as a linguistics populariser is singled out separately. V.V. Lopatin’s scientific legacy is conceptualised in the context of the spelling work that has been performed in the last several years at the V.V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of RAS.

Syllabification in Optimality Theory

This paper examined syllabification in the Sokoto dialect of Fulfulde within the framework of Optimality Theory. The theory employed constraint-based rather than rule-based notations in the analysis of the grammar of languages. This study focused on the Sokoto dialect of Fulfulde in view of the number of dialects of the language spoken across West Africa. Using field-based data, the analysis revealed the salient syllabification requirements of Fulfulde. Findings showed that the syllables of the Sokoto dialect of Fulfulde require onsets and nuclei as obligatory elements. Syllable onsets in the dialect are maximally composed of a single consonant as complex onsets are prohibited. Codas are optional and may be simple or complex. A restriction placed on coda consonants is that except half of geminates, only sonorants are allowed, although in word-final positions, [ŋ], a sonorant, is not attested. These outcomes demonstrated the extent of conformity of Sokoto Fulfulde syllables with the markedness constraints governing syllable structure and the Syllable Contact Law. Further findings indicated that although syllabification in languages is grounded in the sonority of segments vis-à-vis the restrictions that languages place on phoneme combinations, the sonority scale, as presently designed does not adequately handle syllabification in this dialect; calling for an all-inclusive sonority scale.

Use of Russian and Kyrgyz Languages in Private Medical Centers in the Capital of Kyrgyzstan

This article examines the frequency of use of Russian, Kyrgyz and other languages in private medical centers in the capital of Kyrgyzstan, identifies the features of printed advertising texts and Internet resources that facilitate the functioning of these organizations. The article presents factual data collected during a sociolinguistic study, which are the basis for the formation of grammar language planning in one of the post-Soviet republics. Methods of social linguistics were used to collect the material. The work is of interest to linguists, sociologists, cultural scientists and historians as a source for analyzing the modern socio-linguistic situation in the former republics of the Soviet Union and the modern area of ​​the Russian-speaking space located outside the Russian Federation. In addition, the work allows doctors from different countries to form an idea of communication between colleagues and patients in private medical centers in Bishkek, which directly affects the ability to find work in this region. The scientific article provides an analysis of texts posted on websites and in the Internet space, as well as in advertising brochures, manuals, bulletins, where the dominant role of the Russian language is noted. It should be noted that the article contains an analysis of the graphics used by private medical centers when registering with the Ministry of Justice, in the media and the Internet. In this case, cases of merging Latin and Cyrillic graphics are noted, which indicates a desire to use international medical vocabulary in characterizing the specifics of many centers.

Development of Slovenian linguistic terminology in grammars of Slovenian

This article presents the main stages of the development of Slovenian linguistic (grammatical) terminology in Slovenian grammars. The overview covers the most prominent Slovenian grammars written in different metalanguages between 1584 and 2017, from Adam Bohorič’s first grammar of the Slovenian language Arcticatihorulae succisivae de Latinocarniolana Literatura (1584) to Kozma Ahačič’s most recent grammars Kratkoslovnica and Slovnica na kvadrat (2017). The outline is followed by the results of an analysis of the terms that denoted key grammatical concepts in the period 1768–1916, which demonstrated that most of the terms for the concepts in question had been stabilised by the end of the 19th century.

Analysis of Phenomenon of Tianshui Malatang's Soaring Popularity from a Multimodal Perspective

Abstract: Contemporary communication studies show that short videos, as the most important form of information dissemination today, have a more multidimensional and immersive communication effect compared to traditional print media and other channels. Since this information medium inherently contains numerous social symbols with expressive characteristics, this paper will analyze the short videos that led to the viral phenomenon of "Tianshui malatang" based on Kress and Leeuwen's visual grammar and Halliday's theories of language as a social semiotic. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of the "Tianshui malatang" a fusion of regional tourism and local specially food that has gone virtual on Chinese short video platforms, using a multimodal discourse analysis approach. The analysis shows that the "Tianshui malatang" video enhances the sensory interaction between the viewer and the screen in terms of visual effects, and in terms of narrative expression, it leads the viewer to generate positive feedback on the video through the presentation of various elements.

Casus septimus, ultimus, localis, positivus – definitions of the locative in Lati n grammars of the Polish language

Tradtional Latin grammatical terminology, due to the great similarity and close links between Latin and Polish, was well suited to describe Polish. This is evidenced by the fact that Latin-language grammars and Polish language textbooks rarely needed to use terms different from those used to describe Latin. It happened only in cases of significant differences between Polish and Latin. One such situation is the partial discrepancy in the case system of the languages in question (Latin has 6 of them, Polish has 7). This difference caused the need to find a name for the ‘extra’ Polish case. This article presents definitions of the locative taken from the textbooks of Statorius-Stojeński, Volckmar, Meniński, Woyna and Malicki, attempts to find an adequate Latin term for it, and indicates the sources of the terms used by the authors mentioned.

Grammatical terminology in Nouveau dictionnaire françois, allemand et polonois... by M.A. Trotz (1744, 1747)

The paper examines French and Polish terms related to language study (grammar) recorded in the first two volumes of Trotz’s dictionary, previously unexplored in the literature on the subject. The analysis covered names related to language in general, its varieties, and grammar, in addition to terms regarding orthography, punctuation, phonetics, inflection, word formation, syntax, rhetoric, grammatical figures, lexis, and semantics. Several particularly noteworthy names (rare or obscure) are also discussed. Although the authors have observed Trotz’s strong attachment to Latin terminology, his unhampered creation of his own Polish terms (while also using the existing terminology) has also been noted. The article also posits that the first two volumes of Trotz’s dictionary contain more terms than volume III, i.e., Mownik.

From feminine name to feminative. On overview of the history of the word-formation category and its nomenclature

The article presents the history of the use of the term feminativum in Polish linguistic literature and in the general language. Moreover, it discusses the issue of isolating the word-formation category of feminine names in old grammars, as well as its contemporary definitions. The study used manual and automated (corpus-assisted) data extraction. The author posits that it was Piotr Statorius-Stojeński who distinguished the category of female names in his grammar of the Polish language for foreigners published in Latin in 1568. The author also determined that the term feminativum was propagated by Bogusław Kreja, who was the first to use it in his 1964 article. Although the term appeared only occasionally in linguistic publications in the second half of the 20th century, it came to be used regularly as a synonym for the term feminine names at the turn of the 2010s and 2020s. However, the inclusion of feminativum on the list of words in the Polish Word of the Year 2019 competition may have contributed to its popularity across the media.

Teaching Methods of Arabic Language Grammar Lessons Among Arabic Teachers at Religious Secondary Schools in Malaysia

Teaching Methods of Arabic Language Grammar Lessons Among Arabic Teachers at Religious Secondary Schools in Malaysia

ПРОФЕССОР ҚҰДАЙБЕРГЕН ҚУАНҰЛЫ ЖҰБАНОВ

The article tells about the life path, scientific and pedagogical works of the famous scientist in the applied field of Kazakh linguistics Kudaibergen Zhubanov. The article analyzes the scientific contribution of Professor K. Zhubanov to the formation and development of the Kazakh language: the conversion of the Kazakh alphabet and spelling rules, the transition of the Kazakh alphabet to Latin, the formation of Kazakh terminology, the compilation of the first Kazakh scientific textbooks, etc. Various aspects of the Kazakh language were considered by the scientist from a scientific point of view. In order to identify and reflect the natural laws of the Kazakh language, K. Zhubanov conducted an in-depth analysis of the grammatical, phonetic and lexical features of Kazakh words, as well as the laws of their historical development. In this article, various scientific works of the Professor, devoted to the issues of Kazakh linguistics, have been studied in detail: "Lecture courses on the Kazakh language", "Textbook on the Kazakh language grammar", "Kazakh language program", "New grammar", "Spelling and grammar rules of the Kazakh language”, “From the history of the Slavic language in the Kazakh language”, “Booklet on a book and a folded book”, “Formation of the Kazakh book language”, “The form of the booklet in the Kazakh language”.

Defining Sexstainability

ABSTRACT This article interrogates how Pornhub’s Sexstainability campaign engages in corporate citizenry to improve its stakeholders’ sustainable behaviour. The article shows how sexualized language and visual grammar are used to convey an educational message about sustainable practices establishing Pornhub as a corporate citizen with a desire to improve society through sustainability, presenting sustainability as something anyone can and should value while positioning heterosexual men as its particular audience.

Teaching and Enhancing Foreign Language Grammar Using Social Media Platforms, and the Strategic Impacts on Students’ Speaking Skills

This research explores an innovative application of social media platforms, particularly Instagram live streaming sessions and language courses on YouTube, to improve proficiency in speaking and grammar of foreign language undergraduates. It investigated the effects of various social media platforms on language competence and to evaluate the relevance of these platforms to language teaching. The study used a pretest-post-test experiment methodology with a sample size of 392 individuals, who were split into groupings: Control and Experimental. To compare the means of the speaking proficiency and grammatical proficiency scores, t-tests were used as an analytical method. The results indicated that the groups were not significantly different from one another on the pretest, which served as a baseline for the assessment. Nevertheless, the results of the post-test demonstrated a significant rise in the Experimental Group's grammar proficiency (mean = 74.38), supporting the first hypothesis, which states that learning a language through social media can improve one's grammar skills. Just as the control group showed no change in their speaking abilities, the experimental group showed a marked improvement, with a mean score that pointed to increased proficiency. These results show that using YouTube and Instagram in language classes is an effective strategy, showing that it has real-world applications and inspiring teachers to be creative in their methods so that students learn languages more interestingly and engagingly.

Metaphor in grammatical works of linguists

The object of the research is metaphorical nominations in scientific linguistic discourse. The purpose of the study is to systematically describe the structural and semantic features of metaphors in grammatical works. The identification of expressive linguistic units in scientific texts is important for a comprehensive study of the relationship between rational and emotional in strict speech styles. The appeal to this topic is dictated by the need to find ways to present complex theoretical material in university syntax teaching. The article considers metaphors-words, metaphors-phrases and metaphors-predicative units characterizing transitional phenomena in the grammar of the Russian language. Metaphorical designations in the description of the desemanticized verbal components of analytical constructions and verbal connectives are highlighted. Metaphors characterizing other grammatical phenomena are analyzed. The role of verbal metaphors in the description of constitutive features of sentences of different types is established. The features of substantive and adjectival metaphors in grammatical works are noted. It is shown that the expanded metaphors demonstrate the multidimensional nature of syntactic categories. It is concluded that verbal and substantive metaphors convey the desire of linguists to present the grammatical system as dynamic, actively developing. The use of metaphorical names makes it possible to present grammatical theory in a more accessible way, to draw attention to interesting linguistic facts.

Lexical Effects on Second Language Grammar Acquisition: Testing Psycholinguistic and Neurocognitive Predictions

Lexical Effects on Second Language Grammar Acquisition: Testing Psycholinguistic and Neurocognitive Predictions

Revisiting writing feedback: Using teacher-student writing conferences to enhance learners’ L2 writing skills

Previous studies have largely overlooked teacher feedback, which plays a significant role in the social construction of knowledge within educational ecosystems worldwide. While written corrective feedback has been the focus of writing feedback research, oral feedback in teacher-student L2 writing conferences has not received as much attention, especially from an ecological lens. To address this research gap, this study investigated how writing training, including teacher-student conferences, can improve learners' L2 writing skills, with a specific focus on Ethiopia. The study explores how these conferences can help students enhance their L2 writing skills through constructive criticism and encouragement. To achieve this, 63 students (aged 15 to 23; 38 male and 25 female) were divided into experimental and control groups using a quasi-experimental design. The students underwent pre- and post-tests during an eight-week intervention. MANOVA was used to evaluate the pre-test data, while ANCOVA was used for the post-test analysis. The post-test results show that teacher-student conferences can effectively improve three writing skills: organization, vocabulary, and mechanics. The greatest impact on students' understanding of the writing process was seen in mechanics (43.4%), vocabulary (36.9%), and organization (11.5%). However, the intervention did not have a statistically significant impact on two other writing skills: content and language usage or grammar. Recommendations for future research and strategies for integrating teacher-student conferences into writing instruction are provided.

Dynamics of speech and language competencies formation while the level-based approach to teaching the discipline ‘foreign language’ is being implemented

Introduction. The level-based approach to organizing foreign language teaching at the university is designed to take into account a number of objective factors: heterogeneity of the degree of foreign language proficiency of students in non-linguistic areas of training entering the university, higher requirements for the quality of mastering the discipline ‘Foreign Language’, and a limited number of academic hours allocated for mastering this discipline in the curriculum. The study aims to identify the dynamics of foreign language teaching when the level-based approach is being implemented. Materials and methods. The study was based on first-year students of non-linguistic areas of training at two higher schools of Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (236 people). The research methods were the entrance and final diagnostic tests, differentiation of teaching a foreign language (English) and statistical processing methods (the Shapiro-Wilk test, Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Statistical data were processed using the IBM SPSS 23.0 computer software package. Research results. The data obtained allows assessing the qualitative growth of speech formation (reading and listening) and language (vocabulary and grammar) competencies. The differences between the entrance and final tests (p <0.001) are statistically significant and in all the aspects tested are in favor of the final test. Conclusion. The level approach proved effective for speech and language competencies formation in students of non-linguistic areas of training when studying the discipline ‘Foreign Language’, which is confirmed by statistical processing of the final test results. The level approach reduced the impact of such negative factors as heterogeneity of the initial language training of first-year students, psychological barriers, and short terms of teaching a foreign language to students of non-linguistic areas of training. Prospects for further research into the implementation of level-based teaching may be associated with analyzing how other components of foreign language communicative competence are formed.