Social Domains Research Articles

Literature and ICTE: Issues and Perspectives

Throughout the undulating course of history, literature has remained a steadfast companion to the pursuit of language instruction, defying the ebb and flow of its prominence. Presently, it is experiencing an extraordinary renaissance, and to effectively reintegrate it within language classrooms and ignite learners' enthusiasm, digital technologies have emerged as an invaluable ally. The purpose of this article is to embark on an exploration of the multifaceted role of literature within diverse language teaching methodologies while delving into the intricate interplay between literature didactics and the realm of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). We endeavor to elucidate the notion that digital technology, when wielded as a pedagogical instrument, serves as a veritable fount of innovation in the domain of language and culture instruction, holding immense potential to invigorate learners' motivation.

Integrating informal and formal care: An innovative, scalable program blueprint.

People have infinite needs, including illness prevention, wellness, self-care, practical support, and quality of life. This article describes community-based, informal care programs that help people identify their needs, set goals, and organize networks of care to address their needs holistically in a way that can also significantly reduce healthcare costs. Approaches can be customized for primary care, home and community, hospice, and other care sectors to facilitate low-cost, high impact adoption. We provide a blueprint for programs that integrate informal and formal care across social, physical, and mental health domains as a key part of healthcare system transformation.

Effects on personal and cultural wellbeing of attending free community outreach concerts given by a professional orchestra

Despite hundreds of investigations into the benefits of arts engagement for health and wellbeing, much of what we know comes from research in clinical settings, and little is understood about the positive effects of attending live musical performances. As many professional orchestras have begun re-examining their purpose and mission statements, they also seek ways to measure their impact beyond ticket sales and donations in hopes of highlighting positive effects on concertgoers and their community. The purpose of this study was to explore the impacts of a free community outreach concert series provided by a professional orchestra on individual and community wellbeing in a large city in the United States. The researchers conducted semi-structured interviews, paired interviews, and a focus group with 18 participants between the ages of 18 and 77 years. Abductive analysis allowed us to consider emerging themes and pre-existing theories of wellbeing concurrently. The results showed three primary areas of impact on concert attendees’ wellbeing: emotional, social, and cultural. Concert attendance fostered positive emotional states and reduced negative emotions, led to personal feelings of connection with the orchestra and across the community, and contributed to personal- and local-cultural wellbeing. In addition to reinforcing much of the prior scholarship on the effects on wellbeing of arts participation, particularly in the emotional and social domains, the results highlight new possible connections between community outreach programs and increased cultural wellbeing.

An Integrated Review of Transitional Care for Families of Pre-Term Infants

This study was conducted to identify the key elements of transitional care for families with pre-term infants in South Korea. We used an integrative review methodology proposed by Whittemore and Knafle. During the problem identification step, the review question was constructed via the population, intervention, outcome, and timeframe (PIOT) format. During the literature search step, integrative reviews of the published literature from nine electronic databases were undertaken and a total of 14 studies were reviewed that met our inclusion criteria. During the data evaluation step, the quality of the literature was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) developed by Hong et al. We identified three domains and 10 key attributes of transitional care for families of pre-term infants. The parenting empowerment domain included growth and development, developmental promotion, nutrition, safe environment, general parenting, and parent–infant interaction. The emotional support domain included counseling, advocacy, and community network. The social support domain included professional collaboration. Efforts should continue to further develop programs and policies to enhance transitional care for families of pre-term infants that reflect South Korean nursing practices.

Controlling the narrative: the relationship between narrative ability and executive functioning in children with developmental language disorder

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience problems in language comprehension and/or production. In particular, storytelling or narrative ability is often impaired, as this type of discourse involves all domains of language. These problems may lead to a lower quality of social interaction and mental health. Moreover, problems in oral narrative ability during early development have a negative effect on later literacy. However, telling a story involves more than language alone. Executive functioning is thought to play an important part in stimulating narrative ability, as linguistic utterances need to be planned in a temporal and causal order, and switching is needed between multiple characters and events in the story. Research has shown that children with DLD experience problems with executive functioning, independent of their language ability. Thus, the difficulties in storytelling may be caused by both impaired language and executive functioning, as both domains follow hierarchical developmental paths during the early childhood years. In this review, we discuss three components of narrative ability (comprehension, production of macrostructure and production of microstructure) and how they may be interconnected to the three core components of executive functioning (working memory, switching and inhibition) and attention. This review shows that updating and monitoring information in working memory plays an important part in all three components of narrative ability, across multiple studies. This result may give direction in the development of narrative assessment and intervention, and urge further research to disentangle the interplay between language and executive control in DLD.

The contributions of motor skill proficiency to cognitive and social development in early childhood.

With limited evidence from intervention studies, causal relationships between motor competence and cognitive and social development have yet to be clearly established. In this research, we investigated whether a targeted training programme to improve fundamental movement skills (i.e., object control, locomotor) in young children would also lead to improvements in the cognitive (i.e., executive function) and social (i.e., socioemotional competence) domains. Using a two-arm group randomised intervention design, 185 children aged 36 to 60 months (mean 47.51, SD 8.11 months) were allocated to a motor skill intervention group or an active control group. The intervention was implemented over one school year, and outcomes were monitored across five time points. Longitudinal analysis was performed using hierarchical linear mixed-effects and latent growth curve models. Participation in the motor skill intervention led to higher rates of development of object control skills (p < 0.001) and executive function (p < 0.001). A dose‒response relationship was found in which those children who displayed greater development of object control skills over time also displayed greater development of executive function (p = 0.001). We found no significant effects of the intervention on locomotor skills, social behaviours, or socioemotional competence. These findings provide evidence of a causal relationship between motor and cognitive development.

Exploring the Realization Level and the Obstacles Affecting Different Types of Ecological Product Value—A Typical Case from Zhejiang, China

The realization of ecological product value (EPV) is a crucial pathway for green economic development and the practical implementation of both the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and China’s “Two Mountains Theory”, which emphasizes the need for harmony between ecological protection and economic growth. While China has initiated several pilot projects, there remains no consensus on the classification of ecological products or the measurement of EPV realization levels, largely due to limitations in the existing accounting systems, which fail to address EPV’s complexity. This study introduces a novel framework for measuring EPV realization, categorizing ecological products into pure public, quasi-public, and operational types. It demonstrates the economic value of ecological conservation, providing viable economic incentives for green development. This framework allows governments and businesses to see that protecting and sustainably utilizing natural resources can also yield economic benefits, thus offering a new feasible pathway for green development. Using Zhejiang Province as a case study, the authors present an improved coupling coordination model and a mechanical equilibrium model to assess EPV levels, emphasizing the importance of tailored regional strategies. Additionally, an obstacle degree model is employed to identify and analyze the factors limiting EPV realization. The results show that (1) different types of ecological products follow distinct value realization paths within the “economic–ecological–social” system; (2) EPV realization varies significantly across regions, with a trend of being lower in the southwest and higher in the northeast; (3) obstacles to value realization differ across subsystems, with particular attention needed to improve quasi-public ecological products in the ecological and social domains; (4) factors such as pesticide use and the number of tourist attractions affect EPV realization at the provincial and municipal levels, respectively. This study presents a new EPV measurement framework and highlights the spatial–temporal variability of EPV realization across regions. It provides valuable insights for developing countries and ecologically vulnerable areas seeking to optimize their EPV realization, supporting sustainable development and advancing “Two Mountains Theory” transformation.

Insights Into Minimally Invasive Aesthetic Procedures- Defining Demographic Factors and Impact of the Treatment on Self Perception: A Propensity Matched Cross Sectional Study

Abstract Background The lion´s share of the research on facial aesthetic procedures focuses on visual results and patient satisfaction. Objectives To characterize treated and untreated potential patients and the identification of determinants that influence the decision making as well as the impact of such treatments on patients’ self-perception. Methods A cross-sectional propensity-score-matched study on minimally invasive aesthetic procedures was performed through a survey comprising elements regarding demographics, conduct towards minimally invasive facial plastic interventions as well as psychological well-being and social self-esteem domains of the validated Face-Q module. Results Complete data was collected from 598 participants. Among those, 88% (n=529) were female and 12% (n=69) were male. Forty-six percent (n=277) of the participants were below the age of 30, and 39% (n=233) percent were between 30 and 45 years of age. Of the 598 participants, 22% (n=134) participants had undergone a minimally invasive aesthetic procedure of botulinum toxin and/or hyaluronic acid injection and 78% (n=464) participants had never received any aesthetical treatment. Female gender, 30-45 years of age, self-employment and an income over 75000€ were significant predictors of undergoing minimally invasive aesthetic procedures. Among treated participants, the overall Face-Q score as well as the scores for the social-esteem and the psychological well-being domains improved significantly with the aesthetic treatment. Conclusions This study highlights the major role of healthcare providers in better informing patients and the positive impact of facial aesthetic treatments on patients’ appearance as well as on psychological wellbeing and self-esteem.

Medication adherence and quality of life among geriatric patients: Insights from a hospital-based cross-sectional study in India.

Understanding the factors that influence medication adherence and the multidimensional aspects of quality of life in the elderly is of paramount importance in enhancing their overall well-being. Since geriatric patients usually suffer from multiple morbidities due to their declining age, the adherence towards their medications plays a very crucial role in their quality of life. This cross-sectional study explores the intricate relationship between medication adherence and quality of life among 310 elderly patients at a single medical college and hospital. Participants completed the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) to assess medication adherence and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire, which comprises four domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) to evaluate quality of life. Statistical analyses, including correlations, paired t-tests, ANOVA, and Backward Multiple Linear Regression, were employed to examine the relationships and differences among variables. The findings indicate varying levels of medication adherence among participants, with a significant proportion exhibiting medium adherence (47.1%) and highlighting the need for interventions to address challenges in medication adherence among the elderly population. Notably, gender emerged as a significant factor influencing quality of life, with males reporting higher satisfaction across all domains compared to females. Medication adherence exhibited a significant correlation with the social relationships domain (DOM3) of the WHOQOL-BREF, underlining the importance of adherence in fostering positive social interactions. Our study revealed a significant association between medication adherence (MMAS- 8) and the quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) among elderly patients. We also observed noteworthy gender differences in quality-of-life perceptions. It emphasizes the need for tailored interventions that consider medication adherence issues to enhance the overall quality of life among this vulnerable population.

Instability of revised Korean Developmental Screening Test classification in first year of life.

Early development is characterized by considerable variability. To investigate the stability of the revised Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) classification of the development of healthy term 4-6 and 10-12 month-old infants. This study used data from the Korean Children's Environmental Health study, a nationwide prospective birth cohort study. Sixty-nine healthy term infants (26 boys, 43 girls) underwent two serial tests at 4-6 and 10-12 months of age between August 2017 and December 2019. We divided the entire group into three categories according to the revised K-DST cut-off points. At 4-5 months, more than 50% of infants were categorized into the ≥-1 standard deviations (SD) group. The lowest prevalence (52.7%) was observed in the gross motor domain. Seven infants (10.1%) scored below -2 SD in at least one domain. The prevalence of scores below -2 SD was 7.3% in the gross and fine motor domains. At 10-12 months, >70% were as categorized into the ≥-1 SD group except in the language domain. Six infants (9.5%) scored below -2 SD in at least one domain. The prevalence of scores below -2SD was 4.8%, 3.2%, 3.2% in the cognition, language, and gross motor domains, respectively. On serial follow-up for 4-12 months, a significant number of infants improved to the peer and high-level group (≥-1 SD), especially in the gross motor domain (33.3%). Among the seven infants who scored below -2 SD at 4-5 months, only two had -2 SD scores at 10-12 months. For infants presenting with suspected developmental delay on the revised K-DST 4-5 months questionnaire, especially in the gross motor domain, in the absence of any abnormal neurological findings or developmental red flags, close monitoring and repeated assessments should be performed.

Women Discrimination in Mexico and Impact towards The National Security

Mexico is currently grappling with a humanitarian crisis, particularly affecting its female population, which has the potential to lead to severe consequences such as the degradation of the country. This research aims to study the impact of women's discrimination towards Mexican national security. The objective of this research is to ascertain the specific manifestations of discrimination against women in Mexico, examine the implications of such discrimination on national security, and analyze the proactive measures implemented by the Mexican government and non-governmental organizations in addressing this pervasive issue. The qualitative methodology employed in this study originates from secondary sources and the concept used was national security. The results of this study indicate that discrimination against women in Mexico has been influenced by factors within the political, economic, and social domains. It highlights risks for women in Mexican politics and underscores societal discrimination, particularly affecting Indigenous women. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it intensifies gender-based issues, emphasizing the urgency of addressing inequality in Mexico. The ramifications of women's discrimination in Mexico extend across societal facets, contributing to increased crime rates, societal instability, and heightened poverty levels. In anticipation of these consequences, it is imperative to evaluate the vulnerability of various economic sectors and formulate strategies to mitigate their susceptibility. Collaboration between the government and non-governmental organizations is essential to implement initiatives focused on enhancing adaptation capabilities, fortifying legal frameworks, and providing support to affected communities.

Teacher Support and Student Engagement in the Conduct of Blended Learning Instruction for English as A Foreign Language

With the deep integration of information technology and education, blended learning has emerged as a new paradigm in higher education, combining the strengths of both online and offline learning environments. This approach allows English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners, particularly in the Chinese context, to engage in flexible and continuous learning beyond traditional classroom settings, thereby fostering greater student initiative and self-directed learning. Understanding the impact of teacher support on student engagement within this blended learning framework is crucial for optimizing educational outcomes. This study employed a quantitative descriptive comparative and correlational research design to examine the relationship between various forms of teacher support—instructional, emotional, feedback, and interpersonal—and student engagement among 307 Chinese EFL learners in a blended learning environment. The findings reveal that all forms of teacher support were perceived as high, with feedback provision ranking highest. Similarly, student engagement was also rated highly across behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains. The Pearson correlation coefficient between teacher support and student engagement was found to be 0.75, indicating a significant positive relationship. Based on these findings, a program aimed at enhancing teacher support to further improve student engagement in blended learning environments was developed and recommended.

Measuring subjective cognitive complaints with covid-19 brain fog using the subjective scale to investigate cognition (SSTICS)

The term “brain fog” has emerged from the observations of neuropsychiatric conditions present in post-COVID-19 infections. This is characterized by concentration and memory problems, selective attention disorders and difficulties in executive functions, yet it is unclear how long these deficits may persist and which cognitive functions are most vulnerable. Therefore, there is a need to properly evaluate these cognitive complaints using an assessment tool that specifies their intensity and nature. Our primary objective was to explore subjective perceptions of cognitive functioning in COVID-19-associated with brain fog using a tool that was previously validated for assessing subjective cognitive complaints. A total of 68 participants were recruited and the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition (SSTICS) was used to assess cognitive complaints. This was the first time that the SSTICS was used for this purpose in subjects with COVID-19. In addition, participants were administered a questionnaire assessing for the presence of various symptoms, as well as COVID-19 clinical parameters. The neuropsychological basis for the construct of the SSTICS was related to the cognitive complaints expressed by participants. A reliability analysis of our sample indicated a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha= 0.951). Associations between various SSTICS scores and COVID-related symptomatology and the differences between group of participants who reported cognitive complaints (“complainers”) and those who did not were assessed. We performed an exploratory factorial analysis based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on their distribution, participants were grouped into: “good functioning” - scores 0-9 (35.3%); “medium functioning” - scores 14-23 (25%); and “poor functioning” - scores 26-71 (39.7%). The mean SSTICS score was 20.59 (SD 16.61) and correlated with the quarantine duration and loss of smell. Complainers differed significantly from non-complainers in the total number of symptoms, the quarantine duration and the presence/absence of specific symptoms, such as loss of smell, tiredness and aches/pains. Our study showed that >10% of patients reported subjective cognitive complaints following COVID-19, with most reporting mild or serious cognitive complaints, mostly within the domains of memory, attention, language, executive functioning or praxis.

Assessment of Quality of Life and Determinants Among the Elderly Population in Rural Areas of Puducherry: A Mixed Method Study

Background: Elderly people living in rural areas often faces unique challenges that affect their quality of life (QOL), including limited access to healthcare and social support. Understanding the factors influencing their well-being is essential to improve the quality of life. The study aims to assess the QOL and its determinants among the elderly in rural areas of Puducherry. Methods: A community based sequential explanatory mixed method study was conducted among the elderly residing in the rural field practice area of a medical college in Puducherry district. 200 participants were recruited by simple random sampling from the family health records in the Rural Health Training Centre of a medical college. WHO QOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of Life quantitatively and an interview guide to explore its determinants. Data were entered in MS excel and analyzed using SPSS v16.0. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.8± 2.5 years with majority being females. The environmental domain scored the highest mean QOL and psychological domain the lowest mean QOL. The overall mean QOL was 234.8 ± 65.4. The main determinants of poor QOL are age ≥ 75 years, lower socio-economic class, those who are widow/separated and presence of comorbid conditions. The binary logistic regression predicts the factor for poor QOL was age ≥ 75 years with OR (95% CI) as 6.23 (2.44-15.91). Conclusion: The overall mean QOL was moderate. The factors identified for poor QOL need to be addressed with key intervention strategies. Quality affordable medical services at door step to improve physical domain and targeted health education for family members and the community, who form the immediate environment around the elderly, can play a crucial role in enhancing the social domain.

Aging Well? Exploring Self-Reported Quality of Life in the Older Austrian Population Based on Repeated Cross-Sectional Data

ABSTRACT Increase in life expectancy around the world puts aging societies with all their challenges on the Global Public Health agenda. In Austria, additional years of life gained are not spent in good health, as healthy life expectancy is far below the European average. Using repeated cross-sectional data from three waves of the Austrian Health Interview Survey (2006, 2014 and 2019), including a total of 10,056 participants aged 65 years and above, this study examined the change in self-reported quality-of-life (QoL) over time and explored associated factors. QoL, estimated by domain scores of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, increased over time but decreased with age in all survey waves. Observed mean scores were significantly higher in males than in females in all QoL domains except the social domain but sex differences disappeared in most domains in the multivariable regression analyses. Instead, factors associated with significantly higher QoL scores included younger age, higher socioeconomic status, living in Western Austria and having no chronic conditions. Statistically significant observed sex differences in QoL in the older-aged Austrian population disappeared when adjusting for income and education. Strategies and measures to increase financial capabilities may have a significant impact on QoL and well-being in this age group.

Más Allá de las Medidas Tradicionales: Evaluación de Nudges en la Mitigación de la Corrupción y Deshonestidad

Corruption represents a significant global obstacle, adversely affecting political, economic, social, and environmental domains. It manifests in a variety of forms and contexts, requiring mitigation strategies, regulations, and policies that involve complex and structural adaptations. Within the field of behavioral economics, the innovative approach of using nudges has emerged—a methodology designed to alter human behavior in predictable ways without restricting available choices. When applied in an ethical context, these nudges have been used to correct improper behaviors such as dishonesty, bribery, and corruption. This study offers a detailed analysis of six research works focused on nudges specifically designed to address and reduce corrupt and dishonest behaviors, evaluating their effectiveness according to different theoretical frameworks. The study emphasizes the critical importance of considering cultural context and the specificities of each situation when implementing nudges, as well as the need to explore their applicability across diverse contexts to develop more robust methodologies.

Electrode Location and Domain-Specific Cognitive Change Following Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms. DBS is also associated with postoperative cognitive change in some patients. Previous studies found associations between medial active electrode contacts and overall cognitive decline. Our current aim is to determine the relationship between active electrode contact location and domain-specific cognitive changes. A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with PD who underwent subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS from August 05, 2010, to February 22, 2021, and received preoperative and postoperative neuropsychological testing. Standardized norm-referenced test z-scores were categorized into attention, executive function, language, verbal memory, and visuospatial domains. SD change scores were averaged to create domain-specific change scores. We identified anterior commissure/posterior commissure coordinates of active electrode contacts in atlas space. We evaluated differences in active electrode contact location between patients with a domain score decrease of at least 1 SD and less than 1 SD. We performed multiple variable linear regression controlling for age, sex, education, time from surgery to postoperative neuropsychological testing (follow-up duration), disease duration, preoperative unified Parkinson's disease rating scale off medication scores, and preoperative memory scores to determine the relationship between active electrode contact location and domain change. A total of 83 patients (male: n = 60, 72.3%) were included with a mean age of 63.6 ± 8.3 years, median disease duration of 9.0 [6.0, 11.5] years, and median follow-up duration of 8.0 [7.0, 11.0] months. More superior active electrode contact location in the left STN (P = .002) and higher preoperative memory scores (P < .0001) were associated with worsening memory. Active electrode contact location was not associated with change in other domains. In patients with PD who underwent STN DBS, we found an association between superior active electrode contacts in the left STN and verbal memory decline. Our study increases understanding of factors associated with cognitive change after DBS and may help inform postoperative programming.

The Double-Coded Self in Higher Education: Student Self-Formation and Social Sustainability

ABSTRACT Education for social sustainability rests on (1) individual learning agency, and (2) graduates prepared in relations between the individual and collective society, in the context of open ontology and emerging ecological, social and political challenges. The self-determining learner in higher education, with antecedents in Confucian self-cultivation and Bildung, is engaged in conscious self-formation, incorporating reflexive autonomous agency, the will to learn, and immersion in knowledge and relational experiences. Self-making is pervasive in other spheres of life suggesting that it can become integral to higher education. The article reviews self-formation, and individual/social relations, in two traditions: the Chinese civilisational zone and Euro-America. It focuses especially on the double-coded self in each tradition (the reflexive coupling of the inner self and social self), emerging forms of individuality in China, and Michel Foucault’s account of the impact of early Christianity in separating the individual and social in Euro-America. In the Sinic configuration, individual growth and social responsibility are well understood but the individual is crowded by layers of social demands. Euro-America gives students more room but renders the social domain opaque: individual detachment from social responsibility is rife. What is needed is a half-way house: students free from coercion who are prepared in their duties to the community.

Icelandic in late modernity: On language policy discourses, stylistic variation, and the fate of purism and standard language ideology

Abstract Social changes in late modernity have implications for the ways in which variation in Icelandic language use comes to be associated with different modes of communication, and for the labelling of forms in terms of “correctness” or “purity”. While a conception of “standard” still seems to prevail, there is continual transition as regards which particular linguistic traits and practices serve as manifestations of “standard language use”. A diachronic look at official language policies shows a gradual shift away from an ideal of preserving the traditional forms of Icelandic. A change took place around the turn of the millennium, with increased focus on domains of language use and the status of Icelandic as the national language. Currently, language-political discourses yet again suggest a broadened focus so that “the language” is being complemented by “the speakers” with an emphasis on human rights. Conflicts have emerged between the well-established “language-oriented” prescriptive practices, and the more recent “speaker-oriented” language planning efforts. But still the role of Icelandic as a national language and historical treasure seems to prevail, and in both camps, there are concerns that foreign languages pose a threat to Icelandic.

Enhancing wineries’ sustainability through territorial certifications: a case study in Emilia-Romagna, Italy

Purpose As sustainability concerns become increasingly influential in shaping wineries’ strategies at the production and processing stages, this study aims to investigate the anticipated benefits, incentives and constraints associated with a territorial sustainability certification in the wine industry. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on wine producers from the Romagna Consortium (Italy), the research explores the influence of firm characteristics on sustainability attitudes and explores the Consortium potential role in facilitating the ecological transition. Data are collected through an online survey and analyzed by means of factor and cluster analysis. Findings Findings reveal the Consortium capacity to expand its scope, incorporating elements of sustainability, resilience and territorial development. In addition, it emerges that the perception of sustainability among local producers extends beyond environmental concerns, encompassing the economic and social domains. Practical implications Acting as a cluster constituent, the Consortium can stimulate collaborative behavior and promote knowledge dissemination contributing to a mature collaborative environment. A territorial sustainability certification is thus viewed as multifunctional tool, enhancing economic performance and collective reputation, while addressing the numerous environmental challenges faced by the sector. Originality/value The study’s originality lies in its direct engagement with a considerable number of producers in a geographic area boasting a mature wine industry but with limited research focusing on coordinated efforts for improved sustainability performance.