Lane's Work Research Articles

Regensburg Article 5 on Justification: Inconsistent Patchwork or Substance of True Doctrine? by Anthony N. S. Lane

Reviewed by: Regensburg Article 5 on Justification: Inconsistent Patchwork or Substance of True Doctrine? by Anthony N. S. Lane Suzanne Hequet Regensburg Article 5 on Justification: Inconsistent Patchwork or Substance of True Doctrine? By Anthony N. S. Lane. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. 370 pp. The title presents readers of Regensburg Article 5 with a dichotomy. The author's work validates Calvin's view that the article is the substance of true doctrine, rather than an inconsistent patchwork, a comment attributed to Luther (1). This work, the product of almost twenty years of research, is fully footnoted. It includes an appendix with drafts of Article 5 from Worms, Melanchthon, Eck, Gropper, and the final version. All but the Worms draft appear in two columns, with the Latin to the left and English to the right (279–333). It also includes a glossary of Latin terms, a bibliography, and index (335–370). Chapter one focuses on historical context, summarizing the background and theological perspectives of the six collocutors (Protestants Melanchthon, Bucer, and Pistorius, and Roman Catholics Gropper, Eck, and Pflug). Also included are the positions of Contarini, Calvin, and Pighius (13–22). After his summary of meetings leading up to and including the 1541 colloquy, Lane highlights the importance of the compromise reached on justification in the fifth article, but notes "the joy and the hope engendered were to be short-lived" (30). The second chapter reviews reactions to Article 5. As word spread beyond Regensburg, Elector John Frederick rejected the article, saying it obscured scripture and would lead to greater error (38). The pope neither approved nor disapproved, but his problem with Article 5 was ambiguity not unorthodoxy (52). "On all sides conciliation gave way to recrimination as the participants published works focused not on the limited agreement reached but on the reasons for the failure of the colloquy" (33). Debates following the collapse of the colloquy are summarized in chapter three. Thereafter, a second brief colloquy in 1546 in Regensburg set the stage for discussions on justification at the Council of Trent, where the eventual decree "was firmly anti-Lutheran" (85). [End Page 363] Foundational to Lane's analysis of Article 5 are his definitions for duplex iustitia in chapter four. He traces the roots of this term (89), arguing that definitions of and the differences between double righteousness and double justification are key to understanding duplex iustitia. The uses of double righteousness—inherent and imputed—are traced in the writings of Pighius, Calvin, Bucer, Gropper, and Melanchthon (95–105). A further distinction is made between the doctrine of duplex iustitia and the terminology of duplex iustitia (author's italics, 106). Lane argues inherent and imputed righteousness are held together in the article, even though the term duplex iustitia does not appear (106). Nevertheless, Protestants and Roman Catholics did not agree on the formula of duplex iustitia as embraced in the article. "For Protestants, soteriology was primary, and ecclesiology secondary; for the Catholics, the reverse was true" (107). The second half of chapter four focuses on double justification, as distinct from double righteousness, with Lane noting that, unfortunately, much modern scholarship confuses duplex iustitia with double justification (129). Lane concludes that while an earlier attempt in the Worms Draft taught two justifications, the final draft of Article 5 "confines itself to affirming a double righteousness, imputed and inherent, not a double justification" (145). Chapter five is a phrase-by-phrase analysis of the article, interspersed with Lane's comments on inherent and imputed righteousness in writings of the 1541 collocutors, Contarini, Calvin, Luther, and Pighius. The views of modern scholars are interwoven here. Lane's work is thorough and detailed, leaving readers room to evaluate his assertions. In the final chapter Lane concludes, "… from the perspective of a Reformation theology of justification, Article 5 does indeed contain the substance of true doctrine" (273). Lane's assertion is true if, as the subtitle implies, Article 5 can be understood in only one of two ways—an inconsistent patchwork or the substance of true doctrine. Unfortunately, Lane does not address the third option—that of ambiguity as mentioned in chapter two (52). This leaves open the key question of whether...

Arabic–English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage

Arabic–English Dictionary of Qur'anic Usage

From Her Own Point of View: Rediscovering Rose Wilder Lane, Literary Journalist

This article discusses the fifty-year writing career and works of Rose Wilder Lane (1886–1968). To date, most scholarship about Lane has focused on Lane's relationship to her mother, Laura Ingalls Wilder, and Wilder's more famous books. This article argues that Lane's work deserves its own examination, that her contribution to literary journalism should be recognized, and that her story illustrates a need in scholarship to look for alternate sources of literary journalism. It documents Lane's journalistic career from its beginnings “On the Margins” with the San Francisco Bulletin in 1915 until its end with a masterpiece of literary journalism from Saigon in 1965. Lane's work shines because she committed absolutely to a point of view in telling both her fiction and nonfiction stories. That point of view varied, but as her fiction career passed behind her, it was increasingly her own, as she gave voice to “American” values of individualism and freedom from government interference.

John Calvin: Student of the Church Fathers. By Anthony N. S. Lane. Pp. xiii + 304. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1999. isbn 0 567 08694 1. Paper £16.95

This clear-headed, critical, and highly wissenschaftlich book embodies the evolution of various studies on the topic over more than 25 years by Tony Lane. Moreover, it reflects what has been a definite growth area in Reformation studies throughout the last quarter of the twentieth century. This devotes increasing attention to the nature of the use of the Church Fathers in Reformation debates, and so the function of the ‘patristic testimony’ in non-controversial theology, polemical theology, and the interpretation of Scripture. Early impulses originated with survey studies by Pontien Polman and Jan Koopmans as far back as 1932 and 1938 respectively. The former is in French, and the latter remained locked in Dutch till 1955, when a German version was published. It is also striking that more specific work on Calvin in this respect pre-dates considerably the recent trend, as Lane acknowledges. Significant pioneer work (also only slowly ingested by subsequent Calvin scholars, especially in the English-speaking world) had been done—in French—by Luchesius Smits (1956–8, Calvin and Augustine), in Dutch by H. J. Mooi (1962, Calvin's use of sources for Church history and history of doctrine), and in English by W. N. Todd (1964) as an unpublished and wide ranging thesis (Union, New York) on Calvin's use of the Church Fathers. Methodologically, much in Lane's work is a reprise and extended application of this early work, since prominence is given to the statistical, empirical, and evidence-based approaches—designed in part to dispel cloudiness occasioned by a tendency in some writers to rely on hypothesis and speculation.

Processo grupal e a questão do poder em Martín-Baró

O presente artigo trata da concepção de processo grupal e poder social enfocada por Martín-Baró.<a name=volta1></a><a href="#nota1">¹</a> O autor retoma a concepção de grupo presente no trabalho de Sílvia Lane, quando considera os aspectos pessoais, as características grupais, a vivência subjetiva e realidade objetiva e o caráter histórico do grupo. Na perspectiva da psicologia social, segundo o autor, é muito mais relevante a análise do papel do poder na vida cotidiana, no dia-a-dia das pessoas, do que se centrar nos acontecimentos excepcionais e não rotineiros. Considerando que grande parte da prática profissional do psicólogo, principalmente numa perspectiva psicossocial, envolve o trabalho com grupos, a abordagem da questão do poder passa a ter papel fundamental. Neste sentido, o contato com a produção de Martín-Baró é essencial e pode contribuir incisivamente no nosso trabalho cotidiano.

Reporting the Post-Communist Revolution by R. s> Giles R. W. Snyder L. DeLisle (review)

REVIEWS I73 Lane examines the emergence of the emigre PresidentAdamkus,and his role in steeringLithuaniatowardsEuropeanUnion and NATO membership. The greatesthurdle that Lithuaniafaced in the immediate aftermathof the Soviet occupation was the economic legacy of the failed Communist system. Lane splits this period into two: firstlythe period of transition, which runs until 1995, and the remainder:from I995 untilthe present. During the period of transition, Lithuania's economy was woefully mishandled by the government , which led to Lithuania lagging behind its Baltic neighbours. As examples of this, Lane highlights the inadequate and constantly changing policy of land reform, the unsuccessfulprivatizationpolicy and the failureto maximize foreign investment. The more recent period has, however, seen an improvement, although Lane reflects on the difficulty Lithuania faces in accessingher traditionalpre-Warmarketsbecause of the restrictivepolicies of the EuropeanUnion. Application for membership of the European Union is commented on in depth, along with that of NATO. This is a twin-trackpolicy that Lithuania's successive governments have all pursued since i99I. Joining both organizations is seen as the only way to counter Lithuania's ongoing sense of vulnerability. Even though a decade has passed since the restitution of independence, Russia remains the greatest concern and security threat to Lithuania. This situation is exacerbated by the existence of Kaliningrad:an enclave of Russianterritorysituatedto Lithuania'ssouth-west.If, as expected, the Prague Summit of 2002 admits Lithuania into NATO, there will be a piece of Russian territory surrounded by NATO members. When EU membershipfollows, Kaliningradwill again cause problems as Lithuaniawill eventuallybe bound by the SchengenAgreementwhich allowsfreemovement of people within the EU borders.Throughout his book, Lane demonstratesa clear awarenessof the powerful sense of Lithuanian national identity, which sustainedLithuaniathroughcenturiesof occupationandprovidedthebedrock for the reconstructionof an independent Lithuanianstate. He concludes that admissioninto the EU will not in anyway dilute this. Lithuania. Stepping Westward is an excellent analysisof that country. Possibly its only weaknessis that it does not dwell enough on the years following I995 in particular.But as it would be clearlywrong to shortenthe pre-I99I section, perhapsfutureeditions of thisbook deservean additionalvolume to cover the yearsfrom 1995 untilthe presentin the detail that they merit. But thisisjust a minor criticism Lane's work should become requiredreading for scholars and Lithuaniaenthusiastsalike. London A. E. ASHBOURNE Giles, R.; Snyder, R. W., and DeLisle, L. (eds). Reporting thePost-Communist Revolution. Media StudiesSeries.TransactionPublishers,New Brunswick, NJ, and London, 2001. xv + 245 pp. Tables. Further reading. Index. [I8.95 (paperback). SPLIT into three parts, Reporting thePost-Communist Revolution contains twentythree essays, concluding with a review essay. The themes cover a wide area 174 SEER, 8I, I, 2003 rangingfrom the fall of communism (PartOne), throughthe developments in the media systemsof Central and EasternEurope in the decade afterthe fall of the Berlin Wall (PartTwo), to the assertion of a new media identity (Part Three). The claim made in the preface that a sort of democracy in print preceded democracy in law is not entirelyconvincing. The communist censorswere far moreworriedby thelikesofHavel and Solzhenitsynthanjournalists,who were all stateemployees. Also, creativewritingis an activitycarriedon for the most part by a small group of people. Driven by a need to express and to explore certain ideas and carried out in self-imposed solitary confinement, creative writing is surelythe opposite of the sort of authorialegalitarianismwhich the editors claim was taking place before I989. Those that challenged the communistpartieswere a minorityand were not alwaysunderstoodor highly regardedby a majoritythatwaspreoccupiedwiththe dailygrindof survival. Exploring the role of the BBC during the Cold War, John Tusa cites Alexander Lieven's advice that a 'cool, detached, almost clinical approach is called for' (p. iI). Any sense of superiorityor a 'holier than thou' approach, asserted Lieven, would be resented by the audience. On the face of it this is straightforward,yet it reveals more about the BBC's approach than Lieven realizes. To play Devil's advocate: the BBC's programmers adopted a detached and cool approach not out of any single-minded devotion to truth but because they believed it to be more effective. In other words, the BBC's approachcould, reasonably,be regardedasessentiallypragmaticand tactical, even Machiavellian perhaps. Moreover, once you establish a reputation for being 'cool and detached', it is easierto get awaywith the odd lie, or even the judicious...

Improvement of methods for reconstructing water heating aggregated load curves and evaluating demand-side control benefits

Electric water heating represents a substantial share of electricity consumption, and can be a significant part in utility system peak. Storage water heaters with limited capacity have been a useful tool for some utilities to manage the electrical load, generally promoted by attractive tariff structure. The present paper proposes a method to estimate the results of such a strategy. A hot water needs diversity model is exposed and fitted on real data. An original method for modeling power demand due to standing losses is explained as an addition to Beute and Lane's work, which allows to compare various types of water heating systems and potential savings by limiting standing losses or installed power. As an application, some water heating national load curves are reconstructed. Potential or realized savings are computed for France and Italy.

Socialism and Manhood: A Rejoinder

Marilyn Lake believes that my reply to her work on William Lane is an attempt to 'discredit' recent feminist inquiry into masculinity and the labour movement! Nothing could be further from the truth. Several times in my reply I referred to the importance of the debate that she opened up and to the 'great contribution' she has made. I entirely endorse the project to unravel the gendered dimensions of political discourse, and the attempts to understand the emotional appeal of political doctrines/movements. Nor do I differ in my assessment of the Australian labour movement: it became a man's movement in every sense of the word.2 Where I differ from Lake is in her appraisal of William Lane, and for that matter, nineteenth century socialism as a whole. Her selective reading of Lane's work is both reductionist and teleological: it assumes that because the labour movement adopted a certain 'masculinist discourse' that Lane's 'masculinism' was essentially the same. This is a failing Joan Scott identified in her pathbreaking inquiry into the construction of gender: 'the position that emerges as dominant is [too often] stated as the only possible one'. But as Scott points out, the stereotypes of masculinity and femininity 'rested on the refusal or repression of alternative possibilities'. My point was that William Lane, and many of his socialist feminist contemporaries, embodied such an 'historical alternative'.3 Their ideal of men and women as equals and as mates was the vision that was lost.4 In that sense, and that sense alone, Lake's work on Lane is (uncharacteristically) 'a history without choice, and without hope'.5 To clarify Lake's views, let us return to her original article. Lake contends that the class solidarity promoted by Lane rested on an emotional appeal to gender solidarity. Lane, she argues, believed in the simple binary distinction of 'manliness' and 'womanliness', manly independence on one hand, and

Documenting the Movement

New York City photographer Bettye Lane has been covering the renewed women's struggle for equality since 1969, when, as a photographer for the National Observer, she unexpectedly came upon a demonstration against construction workers' treatment of women by the feminist group BITCH. Lane's work has appeared in Ms., Newsweek, Time, People Magazine, the Los Angeles Times, the New York Times, The Village Voice, and the Washington Post, among numerous others. She has had over twelve exhibits of her photographs and won NOW's Susan B. Anthony Award in 1982.

Violent Death in the City: Suicide, Accident, and Murder in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia

Much of the material in this book is about death, but its real subject is life - the living behavior of thousands of largely anonymous Philadelphians between 1839 and 1901. The only remaining record of many of these people is the final entry: perhaps a story in the paper, more likely a brief notation by some agent of the state about the way in which they died. The manner of dying is, however, a reflection of the manner of living, and these largely unexplored records provide a great deal of information about the changing conditions of ordinary life. Roger Lane uses them to reexamine the links between growth and disorder or violence, two concerns that have dominated the traditional history and sociology of American cities in the nineteenth century. Violent Death in the City was first published in 1979. Lane has written a new bibliographic essay for this edition, citing significant work published since then. David R. Johnson provides a foreword underscoring the importance of Lane's work.

Observation of Wet Specimens Using a Modified Cambridge Mark II SEM

It has become possible in recent years to observe hydrated specimens in the presence of water in the SEM. Since the advent of the wet cell in 1960 by Thornley1, followed by Lane's work to develop the environmental cell in 19702, and culminating in the extensive advances made by Robinson throughout the 1970's3, the development of a method to observe wet specimens in a SEM while maintaining good image quality and high resolution capabilities has become a reality. A Cambridge Mark II Stereo-scan SEM has likewise been modified to study hydrated systems. The modifications made to the Mark II to allow it to be used as an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) follow. A new specimen stage was fabricated and substituted for the Mark II specimen stage. This new stage has a reservoir for holding 2-3 ml of water, and is capable of controlled cooling to below O°C Cooling is accomplished by flowing cold ethanol through this specimen stage. A separate mechanical rotary pump was used to evacuate the specimen chamber and the pressure was monitored using a U-tube mercury manometer.

Tensor theory of invariants for the projective differential geometry of a curved surface

Introduction. In 1907 E. J. Wilczynski [1 ](') announced an analytic basis for the projective differential geometry of a curved surface. The present paper has resulted from a study of Wilczynski's work in the light of tensor analysis. His first memoir was restricted to the invariant theory of a system of partial differential equations defining a curved surface under the subgroup of transformations preserving their canonical form, but his fourth memoir undertook the development of a general invariant theory of these same equations under their full geometric group of transformations. There are some problems in the field of differential invariants whose complete solution would be discouragingly burdensome without the aid of the tensor calculus. The general projective invariant theory of surfaces begun by Wilczynski is probably one of these which was destined to remain uncompleted under the longhand methods at his disposal. It happens, however, to be particularly amenable to tensor methods as this paper will show. To aid readability we have recast some of Wilczynski's methods and results into tensor notation from whence we introduce covariant differentiation sufficing for the formation of tensors from which invariants are then formed by contraction. The Lie theory of groups serves to point out the number of existing invariants of any specified order and all such invariants are then explicitly exhibited. In this way all projective differential invariants and covariants of a curved surface are obtained. In addition to the aid afforded by Wilczynski's papers, the author wishes to acknowledge the assistance derived from the excellent text of E. P. Lane [2]. Here again some of Lane's work has been put in tensor form to make. it available for our use. Subsequent references to Lane will be from this text with author and page number cited. It should be remarked that G. Fubini and E. Cech were the first to apply the conventional tensor analysis of Ricci and Levi-Civita to projective differential geometry. The differences and similarities between the Italian and American schools in their point of view and method of attack have been elucidated by Lane in his report Present tendencies in projective geometry, Amer. Math. Monthly vol. 37 (1930) pp. 212-216. As one of these tendencies Lane cited the gradual knitting together of the American and Italian schools. Our paper belongs in this category in that while pursuing the Wilczynski