Landslide Reduction Research Articles

Опыт формирования ремонтно-маточного стада шипа (Acipenser nudiventris) для целей воспроизводства на базе ТОО «Halyk Balyk» Алматинской области

In modern conditions due to the intense anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem, and accordingly on the habitats of valuable fish species, there is a landslide reduction in spawning populations of thorn in the Ili-Balkhash basin. The issue of preserving this species is discussed through the formation of repair and breeding herds from “wild” individuals, domestication in controlled conditions of fish farms. Only under controlled conditions are there opportunities for the formation of productive herds of endangered fish species. The production facilities of Halyk Balyk LLP were used to carry out work on the reproduction of young thorns and the formation of repair and brood stock of thorns. Throughout the entire period of thorn cultivation, direct-flow water supply from an artesian well was used in the pools of Nalyk Balyk LLP. The water temperature in the pools ranged from 15.0 to 15.50 °C. To increase the immune status in order to prevent stress, courses of vitamin C, B vitamins, and viusid - vet feed additives were regularly administered as needed. The use of such a feeding scheme allows to increase the growth rate of fish, increases the survival rate of fish and improves their physiological condition, fish become more resilient. The adaptation of “wild” individuals of the thorn takes place in a shorter time. Based on the determination of the growth and dynamics of the mass of adaptable individuals, it was found that the habituation to new conditions and artificial feeds is slow, only in the second month the fish begins to eat fruitfully. The survival rates of the domesticated thorn for the entire growing period were 100%.

Influence of high Andean grasslands on landslide reduction in Peru

Influence of high Andean grasslands on landslide reduction in Peru

Territorial analysis of crime in rural areas and its short-term forecast for 2022

Objective: to analyze the criminological situation in the Russian Federation and the territorial differences in crime in rural areas, as well as to make a short-term forecast of this type of crime in the Russian Federation.Methods: dynamic, statistical, historical, systemic-structural and comparative-legal methods, as well as a specific sociological methodology of estimating rural crime.Results: the main trend of rural crime from January 1, 2019 to October 1, 2021 can be considered a uniform straightline decrease: a constant monthly decrease by 1.1 thousand crimes. This trend characterizes a situation when the effect of criminogenic factors is neutralized by the impact of anti-criminogenic ones. If we take the above-mentioned data as a basis and generalize them for the next year, we can assume that in 2022 from 331.2 thousand to 388.8 thousand crimes will be registered in rural areas of the Russian Federation. Meanwhile, it should be noted that official data on the state of crime in rural areas, as well as the criminal statistics in the Russian Federation as a whole, cause well-founded doubts. The landslide reduction in crimes in rural areas does not follow from the ongoing social changes in rural areas and gives reason to believe that such a reduction is due to a violation of accounting and registration discipline on the part of staff of the law-enforcement bodies.Scientific novelty: for the first time, a comparative legal analysis of the dynamics of registered crimes in rural and urban areas was carried out, as a result of which the features of crime in rural areas were identified and the author’s short-term forecast for 2022 was proposed. Despite the tendency to reduce the number of crimes registered in rural areas in 2009-2021, the criminal situation in rural areas remains complicated. Statistical indicators do not reflect the real state of this type of crime, since this trend is due to artificial regulation of the number of crimes reflected in statistical reporting towards understatement.Practical significance: as a result of the conducted criminological research, a high degree of public danger of crime in rural areas has been revealed, and its forecasting makes it possible to pay closer attention to the need to develop effective measures to combat and prevent this type of crime.

Investigating probable causes for predicting catastrophic landslides along NH-60 excavated through semi-arid basaltic terrain of Chandanapuri Ghat, Maharashtra, India

Road Cut Slope Catastrophe (RCSC) is a recent menace threatening vehicular traffic and commuter safety in hilly tracts. Reduction of risk along Road Cut Hill Slope (RCHS) needs to be tackled on priority. National Highway (NH) 60 (formerly NH-50) situated in semi-arid basaltic tract within Chandanapuri Ghat (hill) in Maharashtra is being expanded to enhance economic activity in the allied region. To predict RCSC or landslide activity across the Ghat stretch, eleven (n = 11) road cut slopes were investigated by collecting data regarding (1) slope, (2) RCHS height, (3) distance from road, (4) rock composition, (5) soil structure, and (6) mass movement. Traffic survey was also carried out to understand the vehicular frequency. Survey of India (SOI) 1:50,000 scale toposheet (47/I/3) and LISS-III satellite imagery were used to identify the pre-expansion road situation of the area. Mean rainfall and temperature data were collected from TRMM data, and worldclime grid, respectively, to evaluate climatic nature of the area. Satellite-derived ASTER GDEM data were used to prepare the topographic information. Field investigations, GPS data and traffic survey, space-based remote sensing (RS) satellite-derived data were all integrated in ArcGIS V.9.2 software to produce the composite spatial database of all samples. After that, RCHS site weighting and weighted factor combination (WFC) were carried out to form the Landslide Risk Intensity (LRI), i.e., Low risk (LR), Moderate Risk (MR), High risk (HR), and Very High risk (VHR). Results indicate that out of 11 samples, 2 (P3, P11) are prone to VHR, 3 (P2, P9, P10) prone to HR, 3 (P5, P7, P8) prone to MR, and 3 (P1, P4, P6) prone to RCSC. The results were validated from rock fall activity even though the cut slopes are protected with security net, confirmed by field visit. Thus, investigated RCSC will be useful to evaluate the risk intensity and help evolve suitable remedial measures for RCSC or landslide reduction in the present and other similar areas. It is also recommended to make highway slope maintenance an integral part of highway management.

Vegetative engineering as landslide reduction and handling alternative

This paper is prepared as the results of review study approach of landslide-affected location a week after the event and analysis of literature study. The landslide event on April 1st, 2017 that caused the death of 26 people in Banaran village on the slopes of Mount Wilis, Ponorogo, East Java, as an example of events occured due to loss of natural elements in the form of perennials. Vegetative engineering effort is one of alternatives in reducing or preventing landslides, by utilizing hardwoods with strong roots in order to withstand landslide scours. The Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation estimated that landslide on Mount Wilis slopes was initiated bythe absence of plant species as water absorber and land cover disappearance that led to increased critical land and environmental degradation. The purpose of vegetative engineering research was to select plants with function to prevent landslides. Type of this research was descriptive qualitative analysis through method of vegetative engineering in selecting right kind of plant species to be cultivated on the land with altitude 0-2000 MASL (Meter Above Sea Level).

Effect of paddy terraces topography on landslide reduction

Effect of paddy terraces topography on landslide reduction

Geological Evaluation of West Virginia Landslides

The major urban areas of West Virginia have been mapped for landslides at a scale of 1:24,000 under an Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) grant. The mapping covered 36 quadrangles where recent landslides, old landslides, rockfalls, and slide-prone areas were identified. With a landslide density of 18 per square mile covering on average 11 acres each, consideration of several geological factors that are understandable to decisionmakers and the general public was warranted. From this database, a random selection of 2,416 landslides were analyzed using 12 geological map factors to ascertain the conditions associated with past failures and attempt to assess future risk. Three natural factors associated with the sampled landslides appear to be critical for the evaluation of future risks: rock formation, soil series, and slope percent. These factors, when normalized for their actual areal distribution, provide an inexpensive, preliminary assessment of the hazard prior to any financial investment or development decision. For example, if an area has one high-risk factor, building regulations may be required to meet certain additional requirements. As the number of high-risk factors increase, perhaps with consideration given to moderate or low-risk factors, these requirements would change accordingly. Examples of landslides and this normalization procedure for several areas in West Virginia are discussed. Landslide reduction techniques will also be presented.