Landscape Sustainability Science Research Articles

The varying roles of ecosystem services in poverty alleviation among rural households in urbanizing watersheds

Understanding the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being in rural areas of rapidly urbanizing watersheds is one of the core research questions of landscape sustainability science. It is important for poverty alleviation and forming related policies. However, there is insufficient investigation on the impacts of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation on multiple scales in such region. This paper investigates whether ecosystem services at the landscape level and household characteristics play important roles in connecting ecosystem services and poverty alleviation in a rapidly urbanizing landscape from the perspective of landscape sustainability science. We use an urbanizing watershed with a large number of poor people, analyzing the impacts of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation among different types of rural households based on surveys, nonparametric tests, and multinomial logit models. The results suggested that differences in household-level endowments had significant impacts on poverty alleviation. In terms of ecosystem services, regional (village-level) food supply were significantly associated with poverty alleviation (p < 0.1); while household-level benefits from cultural services had a significant positive effect (p < 0.01) on households moving to the better-off group. Differentiating the roles of ecosystem services on poverty alleviation between landscape level and household level is important for policy making. In urbanizing watersheds, offering ecological compensations, and providing trainings and financial supports for rural poor people should be adopted to help them get out of poverty.

Drivers and constraints of land use transitions on Western grasslands: insights from a California mountain ranching community

ContextLand use change drives a host of sustainability challenges on Earth’s grasslands. To understand the relationship between changing land use patterns, human well-being, and ecosystem services, research is needed into land use transitions on privately-owned grasslands. Such inquiry lies at the intersection of land system science, landscape sustainability science and environmental governance.ObjectivesThis study investigated land use change in a mountain ranching community in the Sierra Nevada, California. The research objective was to highlight factors influencing land use transitions and corollary ecological outcomes on privately-owned grasslands in the Western US.MethodsThis mixed methods case study integrated participant observation, 30 semi-structured interviews, and analysis of land cover and real estate data. Interviews were conducted with ranchers, public agencies, and conservation and real estate industry representatives, and analyzed with the constant comparison method using NVivo 12.ResultsLand use transitions in the case study region include agricultural intensification, residential and solar development, and disintensification. These transitions were influenced by many factors including decreasing land access and water availability, amenity migration, intergenerational succession, and conservation policy.ConclusionsBy highlighting factors influencing land use transitions on working lands, this study can be applied to improve the uptake of environmental policies. For the future, several approaches may support grasslands conservation: ensuring grazing lands access, income diversification, groundwater regulations, agriculture-compatible conservation easements, and land use policies supporting ownership transition to amenity purposes rather than low-density residential development.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-021-01385-6.

Landscape sustainability science (II): core questions and key approaches

Landscape sustainability science (II): core questions and key approaches

Assessing human-environment system sustainability based on Regional Safe and Just Operating Space: The case of the Inner Mongolia Grassland

China’s grassland policy has changed substantially since the country’s “reform and opening up” about four decades ago, with profound impacts on both herder’s wellbeing and grassland conservation in Inner Mongolia. However, whether the herder-grassland system of Inner Mongolia has become more sustainable has not been quantitatively assessed against established sustainability standards. Thus, this study aimed to quantify the sustainability gaps of the herder-grassland system of Inner Mongolia from 1982 to 2015, based on the Regional Safe and Just Operating Space (RSJOS) framework and landscape sustainability science. Specifically, we evaluated grassland productivity by combining the envelope of variability and spatial explicit landscape analysis methods, and assessed herder’s wellbeing using the minimum standards of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our main findings are: (1) the grassland productivity of Inner Mongolia returned to a safe operating state after experiencing unsafe changes between 2000 and 2009; (2) the hotspots of grassland degradation during 1980s-2015 were mainly located in desert steppes and the agro-pastoral transitional zone; (3) herder’s income, education, safe drinking water, and social equality did not reach the internationally agreed minimum standards of SDGs, although the overall wellbeing improved during recent decades; and (4) herder’s livelihood became less reliant on grasslands as their economic gains from raising livestock declined rapidly. We conclude that, while Inner Mongolia has made substantial progress in economic development during recent decades, improving the basic needs of herders (especially socioeconomic equity and high-quality education) and restoring severely degraded grasslands remain the most urgent and challenging issues that hinder a sustainability transition in the region.

From preference to landscape sustainability: a bibliometric review of landscape preference research from 1968 to 2019

ABSTRACT Landscape preference (LP) studies highlight one of the most important issues of human-environment relationship, and their related publications have increased rapidly over the last two decades. However, there is no systematic review with a holistic understanding of this field.   here we applied a bibliometric approach to examine the evolution of LP research and identify its status and future prospects. We obtained 7,637 LP research publications from Web of Science core collection from 1968 to 2019 and analyzed the characteristics of publication outputs as well as performances in various countries and institutions. Besides, content keywords analysis was conducted to discover the drivers, focus, motivation, and trends of LP research. We found that 1) publications, subject categories, and active journals increased rapidly since the 2000s ; 2) the USA, England, and Australia are the leading countries in LP research, while China is starting to have some influence; 3) LP research is most closely linked to ecological and environmental studies, being developed by objective drivers, i.e., interactions with landscape change, and subjective motivations ; and 4) LP research is advancing the landscape sustainability science, integrating natural and social science together through ecosystem services. By comprehensively reviewing the evolution and prospect of LP research, we provide insights for further research in this field.

Ultimately, What is Forest Landscape Restoration in Practice? Embodiments in Sub-Saharan Africa and Implications for Future Design.

Forest landscape restoration (FLR) is gaining ground as a novel, holistic approach to sustainable environmental management across developing countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, 30 countries have joined the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative to advance FLR goals. Although conceptually compelling, and despite efforts articulating initial implementation guidelines, divergent discourses and interpretations confound FLR translation into practice. We propose a characterization of FLR in practice using insights from political ecology; principles of ecological restoration and landscape sustainability science; and the philosophy, principles, and objectives of the FLR paradigm. Our qualitative analysis further draws on secondary data and insights from participant observation during FLR-related workshops. We build and organize the FLR characterization around answers to ten questions: why restoration; what purpose; for what desired outcomes; where (location and land uses); what spatial extent and scale(s); who; which techniques; how (approach/strategy); when and how long; and how much to achieve. We then assess early FLR strategic priorities for interventions across nine African countries and analyze five selected actual projects to illustrate use of the proposed FLR characterization framework. The illustrative characterization of both planned interventions and actual projects does not reflect all the proposed characteristics of FLR in practice. Missing features include the initial biophysical condition, the desired target ecosystem state, and evaluation dimensions, and ill-articulated aspects include cross-sectoral integrations. We contend that any significant differences between FLR conceptualization, including its principles, and the practical manifestations can undermine coherence, the value that the FLR approach adds, and its wider adoption. The proposed characterization of FLR in practice contributes to scholarly attempts to realign FLR conceptual philosophy, principles, and rhetoric to its practical manifestations in different contexts, and can inform future design of FLR undertakings for more inclusive landscape governance.

Ecology and sustainability of the Inner Mongolian Grassland: Looking back and moving forward

Understanding the ecology and sustainability of the Inner Mongolian Grassland is crucial for improving land management policies in the Mongolian Plateau and beyond. However, a systematic and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is still lacking. This review was intended to: (1) assess the current state of the ecological and sustainability research of the Inner Mongolian Grassland region, and (2) identify critical research topics and challenges for understanding pathways to sustainability of the region. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 2571 English articles indexed in the Web of Science during 1998–2019. Multiple methods, including descriptive statistics, principal component analysis, change point detection, theme mining, and association strength analysis, were combined to analyze the sampled literature. All reviewed studies can be grouped into four types: description of ecological and biogeochemical characteristics of degraded grasslands (type I), the impacts of climate change and human activities on aboveground (type II) and belowground grassland ecosystem functioning (type III), and the impacts of different management strategies on grassland ecosystem services and human well-being (type IV). The number of publications in all four themes has rapidly increased after 2007–2009. The four types of articles were related to each other in terms of the interannual publication consistency. Keyword co-occurrence network analysis showed that climate change and grazing were the major research topics, which are closely related to all other topics. Three perspectives have persisted in the ecology and sustainability research of the Inner Mongolian Grassland: Ecology in the Grassland, Ecology of the Grassland, and Sustainability of the Grassland. Based on the emerging landscape sustainability science framework, the transdisciplinary approach to landscape sustainability diagnostics and landscape planning and design should become a priority in advancing sustainability research of the region.

Landscape sustainability science in the drylands: mobility, rangelands and livelihoods

The global drylands cover 41% of the terrestrial surface and support millions of pastoralists and host diverse flora and fauna. Ongoing socioeconomic and environmental transformations in drylands make it imperative to understand how to achieve the twin goals of food security and ecosystem health. The review focuses on examining the patterns of rangeland vegetation dynamics and livelihood transformations associated with changes in pastoralist mobility. We conducted a comprehensive review of literature on dryland sustainability based on the coupled systems framework and through the lens of mobility, which reflects not only human and livestock movements but also the unique lifestyles and cultural identities of people in drylands. We find that mobility, which is critical for pastoralists to survive and thrive in the drylands, is generally in decline and has significant implications on dryland sustainability. Reduced mobility exacerbates bush encroachment and land degradation, as sedentarized pastoralists use the rangelands more recursively. Associated with declining mobility is livelihood intensification and diversification, but such livelihood transitions may carry both socioeconomic and environmental risks. We argue that to advance landscape sustainability science and reconcile concerns over environmental conservation and human well-being across the global drylands, we must better understand the underlying mechanisms of coupled systems transitions through the lens of mobility, and integrate the perspectives of multiple stakeholders with fundamentally different interests and priorities.

Rapid urbanization in a mountainous landscape: patterns, drivers, and planning implications

Understanding patterns and drivers of urbanization is essential for urban sustainability, but such understanding is lacking for mountainous regions. This study had three objectives: (1) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in Chongqing, the largest mountainous metropolitan area in China, during 1990–2015; (2) to explore major drivers for the observed urbanization patterns; and (3) to identify the spatial signatures of Chongqing’s urbanization which differ from those of topographically flat urban regions for sustainable urban planning in mountainous regions. We used multiple metrics to characterize urbanization patterns and expansion modes. Pearson correlation analysis and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were used to identify potential drivers. The built-up area of Chongqing increased five times during 1990–2015 with regional variations. Three growth modes—leapfrog, edge-expansion, and infilling, took place concurrently, but their relative dominance varied in time and space with leapfrog as the dominant mode in recent years. The major drivers of built-up area expansion changed from demography to economy, with topographic constraints attenuating over time. Compared to flat urban regions in China, the spatial signatures of Chongqing’s urbanization were characterized by greater dominance of leapfrog expansion mode with smaller and more regularly-shaped patches. The unique patterns and drivers of urban expansion in Chongqing provide new insights of urbanization in mountainous regions for sustainable urban planning. We have proposed a conceptual urban planning framework for mountainous cities based on landscape sustainability science, GeoDesign, and regional landscape characteristics.

The erosion of relational values resulting from landscape simplification

ContextThe global trend of landscape simplification for industrial agriculture is known to cause losses in biodiversity and ecosystem service diversity. Despite these problems being widely known, status quo trajectories driven by global economic growth and changing diets continue to lead to further landscape simplification.ObjectivesIn this perspective article, we argue that landscape simplification has negative consequences for a range of relational values, affecting the social-ecological relationships between people and nature, as well as the social relationships among people. A focus on relational values has been proposed to overcome the divide between intrinsic and instrumental values that people gain from nature.ResultsWe use a landscape sustainability science framing to examine the interconnections between ecological and social changes taking place in rural landscapes. We propose that increasingly rapid and extreme landscape simplification erodes human-nature connectedness, social relations, and the sense of agency of inhabitants—potentially to the point of severe erosion of relational values in extreme cases. We illustrate these hypothesized changes through four case studies from across the globe. Leaving the links between ecological, social-ecological and social dimensions of landscape change unattended could exacerbate disconnection from nature.ConclusionA relational values perspective can shed new light on managing and restoring landscapes. Landscape sustainability science is ideally placed as an integrative space that can connect relevant insights from landscape ecology and work on relational values. We see local agency as a likely key ingredient to landscape sustainability that should be actively fostered in conservation and restoration projects.

Advancing landscape sustainability science: theoretical foundation and synergies with innovations in methodology, design, and application

Our society has entered in an era of Anthropocene, in which people and their activities dominate almost all ecosystems on the planet. In the context of growing uncertainties, landscape sustainability science (LSS), as a place-based, use-inspired science, aims to understand and improve the dynamic relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being. In this editorial, we identify the major theoretical foundations of LSS, discuss recent innovations in research methodology to advance LSS, summarize the extension of LSS through landscape design and geo-design, and examine the application of LSS for addressing sustainability challenges across multiple landscapes. We highlight that long-term regional sustainability can only be achieved by integrating context-based sustainability across agricultural, urban, and natural landscapes so as to minimize the regional ecological footprint and make advancement towards achieving the sustainable development goals.

Linking landscape, land system and design approaches to achieve sustainability

ABSTRACTSustainability science is a use-inspired and place-based transdisciplinary enterprise that integrates natural and social sciences, engineering/design sciences, and humanities to produce actionable knowledge for improving human wellbeing while maintaining long-term environmental integrity. Regional landscapes represent a pivotal scale domain for studying and practicing sustainability because they integrate human-environment interactions, link local processes below and global patterns above, and provide a common platform for scientists, land designers/planners, policymakers, and stakeholders to collaborate on sustainability issues that resonate with all. An interdisciplinary confluence of ecological, geographical, and design/planning sciences is underway, but how this confluence can effectively contribute to the science and practice of sustainability is yet to be explored. Here I review landscape and land system-based approaches, including land change science, land system science, land system architecture, landscape ecology, landscape sustainability science, and geodesign, and discuss why and how they can be linked for achieving the common goal of sustainability.

Integrating GeoDesign with Landscape Sustainability Science

With an increasing world population and accelerated urbanization, the development of landscape sustainability remains a challenge for scientists, designers, and multiple stakeholders. Landscape sustainability science (LSS) studies dynamic relationships among landscape pattern, ecosystem services, and human well-being with spatially explicit methods. The design of a sustainable landscape needs both landscape sustainability–related disciplines and digital technologies that have been rapidly developing. GeoDesign is a new design method based on a new generation of information technology, especially spatial information technology, to design land systems. This paper discusses the suitability of GeoDesign for LSS to help design sustainable landscapes. Building on a review of LSS and GeoDesign, we conclude that LSS can utilize GeoDesign as a research method and the designed landscape as a research object to enrich and empower the spatially explicit methodology of LSS. To move forward, we suggest to integrate GeoDesign with LSS from six perspectives: strong/weak sustainability, multiple scales, ecosystem services, sustainability indicators, big data application, and the sense of place. Toward this end, we propose a LSS-based GeoDesign framework that links the six perspectives. We expect that this integration between GeoDesign and LSS will help advance the science and practice of sustainability and bring together many disciplines across natural, social, and design sciences.

Ecological civilization: perspectives from landscape ecology and landscape sustainability science

Reversing ecological degradation is critical for survival of many species but will not occur without a transformational reduction in humanity’s environmental impact. Ecological civilization is a way of approaching social and ecological reform and represents a new standard of human existence that may be sustainable well into the future. However, how to achieve ecological civilization still remains a question. Landscape sustainability science, with its theoretical basis in sustainability science and landscape ecology, offers a decisive path for achieving an ecological civilization. Three concepts integral to landscape ecology will be essential for contributing to an ecological civilization: (1) linking landscape patterns with biodiversity and ecosystem processes/function across scales, (2) measuring connectivity and flows across spatially heterogeneous systems, and (3) a systems understanding of the linkages between disturbance, resilience, and recovery. Achieving an ecological civilization is within the scope of human capability, but it will require a fundamental shift in world view and cooperation amongst all actors in the human race. A key place to start is with landscapes. This editorial provides perspectives from landscape ecology and landscape sustainability science for achieving this goal

Regenerative Development as an Integrative Paradigm and Methodology for Landscape Sustainability

Although the integration of sustainability, ecology, and design has been recognized as necessary by scientists and practitioners, most transdisciplinary frameworks are not inclusive of the worldviews, paradigms, aims, processes, and components necessary for sustainability. Landscape sustainability science helps to focus scientist, scholar, practitioner, and stakeholder efforts toward sustainability at a pivotal level; however, collaboration and progress have been slow. Significant potential exists for design to be an integrative and transformational methodology toward landscape sustainability, yet it has not fulfilled this ambitious role. In this paper, we first build a case for regenerative development, a development and design methodology based on an ecological worldview, as an integrative platform for a new paradigm. This new paradigm, which we call regenerative landscape development, has the potential to thoroughly catalyze a shift toward regenerative sustainability. We then detail this new paradigm as a process that could continually enhance the capacities of living systems to increase health, well-being, and happiness. Next, to illustrate regenerative development in practice, we provide brief case studies of projects in Viña del Mar, Chile and Juluchuca, Guerrero, Mexico. Finally, we propose future recommendations and precautions in the construction of regenerative landscape development as a new paradigm. If fully understood, embraced, and realized, regenerative development holds incredible potential for a sustainable future.

Activating landscape ecology: a governance framework for design-in-science

In response to predominantly local and private approaches to landscape change, landscape ecologists should critically assess the multiscalar influences on landscape design. This study develops a governance framework for Nassauer and Opdam’s “Design-in-Science” model. Its objective is to create an approach for examining hierarchical constraints on landscape design in order to investigate linkages among urban greening initiatives, patterns of landscape change, and the broader societal values driving those changes. It aims to provide an integrative and actionable approach for landscape sustainability science. This framework is examined through an ethnographic study of public policy processes surrounding the urban tree initiatives in Boston, MA; Philadelphia, PA; and Baltimore, MD. These initiatives demonstrate the impact of political and economic decentralization on urban landscape patterns. Their collaborative governance approach incorporates diverse resources to implement programming at a fine-scale. The predominant tree giveaway program fragments the urban and regional forest. Spatial and temporal fragmentation undermines the long-term security of urban greening programs, and it suggests reconsideration of the role of state regimes in driving broad scale spatial planning.

How can landscape ecology contribute to sustainability science?

While landscape ecology is distinct from sustainability science, landscape ecologists have expressed their ambitions to help society advance sustainability of landscapes. In this context Wu (2013) coined the concept of landscape sustainability science. In August of 2017 we joined the 5th forum of landscape sustainability science in Beijing (see http://leml.asu.edu/chess/FLSS/05/index.html). To inspire landscape ecologists in developing research for a more sustainable future, we highlight some of the key points raised there. We emphasize challenges that have been identified in sustainability science that we consider particularly relevant for landscape sustainability. Then we describe how landscape ecology could enrich sustainability science. Finally, we propose five topics for landscape ecology research to advance landscape sustainability science.

Landscape service capability, landscape service flow and landscape service demand: A new framework for landscape services and its use for landscape sustainability assessment

Creating methods to achieve sustainable development is a global challenge faced by civilization in the 21st century. As an operational element of sustainability science, landscape sustainability science (LSS) plays an important role in the development of methods for sustainable development. Landscape services (LS) is a newly emerging concept associated with ecosystem services (ES) that exhibits great potential for promoting landscape sustainability research despite its nascent stage of development. In this article, the historical development of the LS concept is reviewed, and the special implications and advantages of LS relative to ES for landscape practices are further expanded. Furthermore, a sustainability-oriented LS conceptual framework specifically developed for the integration of LS and landscape sustainability research is proposed. We refer to this framework as the landscape service capability-flow-demand (LSCFD) framework. Finally, the prospects for the application of the new framework in landscape sustainability assessments are explored. By using LSCFD, we suggest that a distinction be made between landscape service capacity (LSC), landscape service flow (LSF), and landscape service demand (LSD). LSC refers to the long-term potential of a landscape for producing various types of materials, energy, information, conditions, and effectiveness that are valued by people. LSF refers to the transmission process for material, energy, information, conditions and effectiveness from a landscape to benefit people that occur either within or across the landscape. LSD is the societal dimension of LS and refers to the types and volume of material, energy, information, conditions, and effectiveness that a landscape’s inhabitants need to satisfy their existence, livelihood, and development. Based on the LSCFD framework, landscape sustainability assessments can be performed by considering the following four areas: LSC sustainability, LSF sustainability, LSD sustainability, and the dynamic equilibrium relationships among the other three areas. Thus, various types of LS capabilities, integrated services capabilities, and the diversity and balance of LS demands should be evaluated. Additionally, analyzing the supplying regions of LS flow, spatial orientation of the population that benefits, transmission media, transmission mechanism, and transmission limiting factors is essential to explore the dynamic equilibrium relationships between LS capability, flow, and demand. The LSCFD concept framework of LS provides a method for implementing LSS into actual practice. In the context of global environmental changes and sustainable development, the LSCFD framework of LS will definitely contribute to future research.

Historical landscape dynamics of Inner Mongolia: patterns, drivers, and impacts

Understanding the causes and consequences of land use and land cover change in drylands is crucial for global sustainability. Inner Mongolia consists of arid and semiarid ecosystems of global importance. Our main goal was twofold: to review the patterns and drivers of land use and land cover change in Inner Mongolia, and to discuss ecological impacts and strategies for promoting landscape and regional sustainability. We took an interdisciplinary and retrospective approach, based on historical records and remote sensing data. Inner Mongolia has evolved from an ocean to a forested region and then to a dryland area in the past millions of years. As a cradle of Chinese civilization, Inner Mongolia has experienced a series of land transitions from localized primitive agriculture that occurred in prehistoric times to broad-scale nomadic pastoralism that lasted for a few 1000 years, and to sedentary pastoralism with increasing agriculture and urbanization since the 1960s. The general land use pattern has long been shaped by the interactions between nomadic pastoralism and agrarian culture. The major drivers of land use and land cover change include: climate, demography, socioeconomic structures, institutional changes, and technological innovations. The landscapes of Inner Mongolia have evolved historically through several phases, and the profound and unsustainable landscape transformations during the past 50 years have been driven primarily by land use policies. Strategies based on landscape sustainability science are needed to curb ecosystem degradation and promote sustainability in the region.

景观可持续性与景观可持续性科学

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 景观可持续性与景观可持续性科学 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312042884 作者: 作者单位: 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京师范大学,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室北京师范大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（41390462，41171069） Landscape sustainability and landscape sustainability science Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:人类活动已经剧烈地改变了自然环境，全球气候变化、生物多样性丧失、环境污染等种种迹象表明当今世界正处在一个不可持续的运行轨迹上，实现可持续发展成为21世纪人类面临的巨大挑战。景观是理解与塑造人类社会和环境关系最具操作性的尺度，也是提供景观服务，实现人类福祉最重要的场所。景观可持续性研究对于人类具有重要意义。景观可持续性是指特定景观所具有的、能够长期而稳定地提供景观服务、维护和改善本区域人类福祉的综合能力。景观可持续性具有跨学科、多维度特征，强调景观弹性和可再生能力；景观服务是景观可持续性研究中的重要概念，它是连接自然资本与人类福祉的关键桥梁，也是将景观可持续性与景观生态学紧密联系在一起的纽带。格局-过程-设计新范式的产生是景观可持续性研究的新发展。在景观可持续性快速发展的同时，聚焦于景观和区域尺度的景观可持续性科学应运而生。景观可持续性科学以景观格局、景观服务、人类福祉三者之间的动态关系为主要研究内容，充分融合了景观生态学空间显示方法、可持续性指标体系和GIS&RS等方法技术，其理论框架和研究方法体系正在逐步形成和完善之中。景观可持续性科学是可持续性科学的重要组成部分，虽然处于刚刚起步阶段，它必将成为未来十多年可持续性科学的研究热点。 Abstract:Human activities have drastically altered the natural environment. All the signs including global climate changes, biodiversity loss, and environmental pollution indicate that our world is on an unsustainable trajectory. Achieving sustainable development has become a huge challenge for humanity in the 21st century. Landscape is not only the most operational scale for understanding and shaping the relationship between human society and environment, but also the most important places for providing landscape services as well as achieving human well-being. Landscape Sustainability research is of great significance for humans. Landscape sustainability is defined as the capacity of a landscape to consistently provide long-term, landscape-specific ecosystem services essential for maintaining and improving human well-being. Landscape Sustainability has the characters of interdiscipline and multi-dimension, and emphasizes resilience and landscape regeneration. Landscape Services is an important concept in the Landscape Sustainability research. It is not only a key bridge between natural capital and human well-being, but also the closely linking bonds between landscape sustainability and landscape ecology. The new paradigm "pattern-process - design" produced a major breakthrough in Landscape Sustainability research. With the rapid development of Landscape Sustainability research, Landscape Sustainability Science comes into being, which is focusing on landscape and regional scale. The main research contents of Landscape Sustainability Science are the dynamic relationships among landscape pattern, landscape services, and human well-being. While Landscape Sustainability Science fully integrates spatially explicit methods and sustainability index system of landscape ecology, it also takes advantages of other technologies such as GIS and RS. Its theoretical framework and research methodology are being gradually formed and improved. Landscape Sustainability Science is one of the key components of Sustainability Science. Although in its initial stage, Landscape Sustainability Science will become one of the research hotspots of Sustainability Science in the coming decades. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献