Abstract
With an increasing world population and accelerated urbanization, the development of landscape sustainability remains a challenge for scientists, designers, and multiple stakeholders. Landscape sustainability science (LSS) studies dynamic relationships among landscape pattern, ecosystem services, and human well-being with spatially explicit methods. The design of a sustainable landscape needs both landscape sustainability–related disciplines and digital technologies that have been rapidly developing. GeoDesign is a new design method based on a new generation of information technology, especially spatial information technology, to design land systems. This paper discusses the suitability of GeoDesign for LSS to help design sustainable landscapes. Building on a review of LSS and GeoDesign, we conclude that LSS can utilize GeoDesign as a research method and the designed landscape as a research object to enrich and empower the spatially explicit methodology of LSS. To move forward, we suggest to integrate GeoDesign with LSS from six perspectives: strong/weak sustainability, multiple scales, ecosystem services, sustainability indicators, big data application, and the sense of place. Toward this end, we propose a LSS-based GeoDesign framework that links the six perspectives. We expect that this integration between GeoDesign and LSS will help advance the science and practice of sustainability and bring together many disciplines across natural, social, and design sciences.
Highlights
Sustainability is the theme of our time
Landscape Sustainability Science (LSS), sustainability science at the landscape and regional scales, is an emerging transdisciplinary field that investigates the dynamic relationships among landscape pattern, ecosystem services, and human well-being with spatially explicit methods [2]
GeoDesign is “environmental planning and design usually involving large areas, complex issues, and multi-person teams, that leverages the powers of digital computing, algorithmic processes, and communication technologies to foster collaborative, information-based design projects, and that depends upon timely feedback about impacts and implications of proposals based on dynamic modeling and simulation, and is informed by systems thinking”
Summary
Sustainability (sustainable development) is the theme of our time. our world today is replete with unsustainable villages, cities, and regions. Landscape Sustainability Science (LSS) is a “place-based, use-inspired science of understanding and improving the dynamic relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being with spatially explicit methods” [2]. Based on the three Es of sustainability (environment, economics, and equity/society), Musacchio [20] proposed that another three Es (aesthetics, ethics, and experience) should be considered for designing sustainable landscapes Another term, “land system architecture,” has been proposed [21,22,23] to expand the reach of landscape architecture beyond the urban built environments, develop the understanding of human–environment systems, account for spatial interaction-trade off consequences as affected by the structure of different types of land units, and consider more on scales [22,23]. Xiang [25,26] suggested an ecophronetic alternative to the present research in ecosystem services
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