Landmark Search Research Articles

A Computer-Aided Model for Dental Image Diagnosis Utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks

A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is an artificial neural network that is primarily utilized for the purposes of image recognition and processing, owing to its remarkable ability to recognize patterns within images. CNNs have found widespread application in diverse areas of computer vision, including but not limited to object tracking and recognition, security, and military and biomedical image analysis. CNN in orthodontic medical imaging technologies to reduce orthodontic treatment planning time, including automatic landmark search on cephalometric radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) tooth segmentation, and CBCT tooth segmentation. This paper describes the strategy and the architecture of deep convolutional neural networks applied to DICOM datasets to distinguish between X-ray pictures with and without teeth. This work focuses on the application of the CNNs to a DICOM dataset in orthodontics as pre-processing for CNNs using fuzzy C-means clustering to construct a reasonable prediction that results in improved accuracy of this system. The aforementioned proposal has shown encouraging outcomes and visual representations, indicating that utilizing methods based on convolutional neural networks can greatly enhance the computational planning of orthodontic treatments by decreasing the time required for analysis. In many cases, this approach's analysis surpasses the accuracy of a manual orthodontist. This model achieved an accuracy exceeding 98% in applying the CNNs to differentiate between X-ray images with teeth and others with no teeth to focus any further work only on useful images which helps in diagnosis planning.

Organizational Culture as a Development Resource in the Conditions of Changing Institutional Functions of Libraries

In the context of technological and socio-cultural transformations, libraries are in search for landmarks and new formats of activity. The vector of transformation of library functions is from the preservation and transmission of information to agentive: structuring communities, managing information, communicative functions. Libraries are becoming conductors of social innovation. The article considers organizational culture as a catalyst for the development of libraries in the future. The authors pose the problem of inconsistency of organizational culture with new demands and needs, as well as justify the need for the formation of an innovative type of culture. The paper presents the results of quantitative and qualitative research in the Municipal Information Library System (MILS) of Tomsk in 2021. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted with employees of three libraries of Tomsk MILS, one of which took part in the Federal project “Cultural Environment” of the National project “Culture” on the creation of model municipal libraries. The authors study organizational culture at the formal and informal levels. The analysis showed that each of the libraries demonstrated insufficient level of compliance with the context of social transformations. Barriers of organizational culture in public libraries are conservative mission, management attitudes to support performing competencies, features of clan culture (orientation to isolation, lack of openness for cooperation on the part of staff both within the library network and with external communities, underestimation of the role of partnership), technological focus of activities, etc. Reserves for the development of organizational culture are the willingness of staff to take initiatives, focus on support and building positive relationships in the team. As an opportunity to manage organizational culture, the authors note that transformations should begin with a change of emphasis in the libraryʼs mission based on a new spatial approach.

Comparative Cytogenetics of Lace Bugs (Tingidae, Heteroptera): New Data and a Brief Overview.

Simple SummaryTingidae, or lace bugs, is a family of herbivorous true bugs, with approximately 2600 identified species in 318 genera classified in two or sometimes three subfamilies, among which the largest subfamily Tinginae comprises about 2500 species. Here, an account is given of the karyotypes of 16 lace bug species studied using conventional chromosomal techniques and FISH with two repetitive DNA probes, 18S rDNA and (TTAGG)n. We also summarize and analyze all information accumulated to date on karyotypes of lace bugs. In general, such information is available for 60 species and 22 genera of Tinginae. We show that lace bugs are characterized by: (1) very conservative karyotypes, with six pairs of autosomes in a haploid set; (2) either an XY or X(0) sex chromosome system; (3) a conventional sequence of sex chromosome divisions in male meiosis; (4) absence of the (TTAGG)n mechanism for maintaining telomere integrity; (5) four discrete patterns of 18S rDNA chromosomal localization. We conclude that the search for chromosomal landmarks is of paramount importance for the characterization of the lace bug cytogenetics in more detail.The lace bug family Tingidae comprises more than 2600 described species in 318 genera that are classified into the subfamilies Tinginae (about 2500 species and 300 genera), Cantacaderinae, and Vianadinae. We provide data on karyotypes of 16 species belonging to 10 genera of the tribes Tingini and Acalyptaini (Tinginae) studied using conventional chromosome staining and FISH. The species of Tingini possess 2n = 12A + XY, whereas those of Acalyptaini have 2n = 12A + X(0). FISH for 18S rDNA revealed hybridization signals on one of the medium-sized bivalents in species of both tribes. FISH with a telomeric probe TTAGG produced no signals in any species. In addition, we provide a list of all data obtained to date on Tingidae karyotypes, which includes 60 species from 22 genera of Tinginae. The subfamily is highly conservative in relation to the number and size of autosomes, whereas it shows diversity in the number and chromosomal distribution of the rDNA arrays, which may be located either on a pair of autosomes (the predominant and supposedly ancestral pattern), on one or both sex chromosomes, or on an autosome pair and the X. The absence of the “insect” telomeric sequence TTAGG in all species implies that Tinginae have some other, yet unknown, telomere organization.

FEATURES OF WORK WITH SACRED CHORAL WORKS IN THE CLASSES OF THE EDUCATIONAL CHORAL COLLECTIVE

The article analyzes the problem of working with sacred choral works in classes of an educational choir. The role of religious and spiritual culture and sacred choral art is covered. Domestic national values and priorities in the current conditions are outlined. The importance of sacred choral music in the repertoire of the student choir is also substantiated; the system of Christian values based on the Holy Scriptures, and the conciliar spiritual experience of the Church is singled out. The norms of phonetics of hymns in the Church Slavonic language are outlined, it is noted that the texts of hymns originate from liturgical books such as “Irmology”, “The Octave”, “New Testament”, “Old Testament”, “Horology”. Sacred choral music is considered a factor of spiritual and moral qualities of student youth; determined that at the present stage one of the pressing issues and tasks of art education is the revival of the nation’sspirituality, the search for new landmarks, a new system of values. The positivity of the influence of spiritual singing on people is proved, which is confirmed by Christian writers and teachers of the Church, such as St. John Chrysostom, st. Vasily the Great, st. Isidore Pelusiot; it has been proved that sacred music is a source of harmony with the world, a harmony of one’s feelings and thoughts.Choral singing is a carrier of enormous informational and educational potential, containing interdisciplinary communicative connections of the main subjects of the musical cycle: solfeggio, music theory, harmony, polyphony, history of music, analysis of musical forms, solo singing, and conducting.The article examines the main problem in the work of choirmasters, namely, the lack of knowledge of the traditional style of sacred music, its genre affiliation, and stylistic features.
 Keywords: sacred choral music; spiritual development of personality; vespers service; hymns; church traditions; liturgy; intonation; psalms; Christian values.

The converged stage of architects of Yakutian art at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries

The article analyzes the convergent stage of architectonics of the art of Yakutia, which has manifested itself after the collapse of Soviet culture. The universal method of architectonic research of culture developed by Kondakov is used. Cultural modernity of Yakutia of the 1990s is studied at three levels: 1) in the “removed” content, it is represented by the active appeal of artists to mythological heroes and archetypes of the past, which contributed to the search for new mythologists and landmarks. 2) activities of the Yakut drama theater, headed by Andrei Borisov. The actual content is filled with ethnosemvoles - Ysyah, national costume, the Olonho epic. e. 3) potential content of modernity manifested in the art of Yakut cinema. Timely organizational aspects of regulating the artistic culture of Yakutia at the beginning of the XXI century have contributed to the development of the cinema industry. The convergent level implies a conditional synthesis - 1990-2020, one of the components, which is the “reinterpretation and modernization of archaic,” taking a conditional and game character (in the work of leading directors of Yakut cinema). There is a “return to one,” but this “one” is interpreted in a different way.

METHODS OF PARALITURGICAL CHORAL COMPOSITIONS IN STUDENT CHOIR CLASSES

The article focuses on revealing the methodology methods of paraliturgical choral compositions in student choir classes, namely, phonetic features of Church Slavonic hymns, nature of sound production, dynamic ensemble, vocal and timbre ensemble, and phrasing. The role of religious and spiritual culture, spiritual choral art is highlighted. The importance of spiritual choral music in the repertoire of the student choir is substantiated, and the system of Christian values is singled out. It was determined that currently, one of the urgent issues of art education is the revival of the spirituality of the nation, the search for new landmarks, a new system of values. The positive effect of spiritual singing on a person has been proven as well. It was determined that paraliturgical chants have a pedagogical and psychotherapeutic effect on the formation of personality, occupy an important place in the repertoire of student choirs. The interdisciplinary connections between the study of paraliturgical choral works and the subjects of the musical cycle are analysed, e.g., history of music, solfeggio, harmony, voice production, conducting. It was emphasized that in working on paraliturgical choral works, it is important for leaders of educational choral groups to master the special skills and abilities. Choral singing is a carrier of enormous informational and educational potential, containing interdisciplinary communicative connections of the main subjects of the musical cycle: solfeggio, music theory, harmony, polyphony, history of music, analysis of musical forms, solo singing, conducting. The article examines the main problem in the work of choirmasters, namely, the lack of knowledge of the traditional style of sacred music, its genre affiliation, and stylistic features.

Neo-Tengrianism in Kazakhstan as a response to re-Islamization: In search of ideological roots

This article analyzes the ideological foundations and origins of modern Tengrism in Kazakhstan. In the search for spiritual landmarks during the period of nation-building, neo-Tengrianism arises, on the one hand, as a revival of the original Kazakh traditions and values. On the other hand, it is being actualized as a response to re-Islamization, or rather the emergence of new Islamic movements, including their radical ideas and practices, which run counter to traditional Kazakh culture. The article presents an analysis of the ideas causing the growth of interest in the Tengrist worldview. The works of Chokan Valikhanov, Lev Gumilyov, Murad Adzhi, Nurmagambet Ayupov, Serikbol Kondybai, Yedige Tursunov and other authors are considered as basic sources influencing the ideology of neo-Tengrianism. The analysis of the works of informal leaders of neo-Tengrian communities in Kazakhstan was also conducted, namely the conceptual and ideological aspects of neo-Ttengrianism in the works "The Truth. The Sacred System of Qazaq" and "QASIET. The Power of the Spirit of the Great Steppe". The paper concludes that under the influence of the ideas and concepts of the above authors, a new generation of followers of neo-Tengrianism as a worldview, system of practices, generating ideas aimed at strengthening the national identity, can emerge.

“Border situationˮ: Chuvash prose of the turn of the 20th-21st centuries

The article analyses the state of Chuvash prose in the mid-1980s – the first decade of the 21st century. In the course of the study, it was found that at this stage there is an intense search for modern landmarks, new forms and content in the Chuvash artistic literature. The following significant changes were revealed in the national prose – topics previously hushed up (social bottom, Stalinism, abuse in the Soviet army and the Afghan War) went public and new genre varieties (erotic, mystical, intelligent works) appeared; the possibilities and range of traditional literature expanded (lyrical-philosophical, lyrical-psychological, women's prose developed, psychologism deepened); literature with a complicated form of writing (postmodern works) has appeared recently; there has been an increased interest in the Chuvash national (history, mythology), etc. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the turn of the 20th-21st centuries in the national Chuvash literature there has been a kind of transition period, during which the features of new prose, free from the previous ideology, are determined.

O-050 Virtual reality applications in ultrasound

Abstract text Surgical simulation has been introduced in surgical training since 1920 following the example of airline and military industry. Recently, the Association of American Medical Colleges commented on the increased use of simulation in different medical specialties, recognizing its potential ability to improve patients safety and to enhance healthcare in general. Historically, graduating obstetrics and gynecology residents have been expected to learn following the adage ‘see one, do one, teach one’, which required a high volume experience. Nowadays, as the complexity of procedures increases and surgical volume decreases, in order to acquire surgical skills rapidly there is the need to integrate surgical and ultrasound virtual simulation into modern residency training alongside traditional teaching methods. In addition, recent changes in the field (e.g. workhours restrictions, decreased bedside teaching) have high lightened these necessities. Ultrasonography is a skill that requires a complex interplay of motor skills and visual-cognitive skill. The learning process include two steps: an initial global assessment followed by a focal search for pathology and key landmarks. Recently more attention has been paid to design increasingly sophisticated simulators for ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology. These are broadly divided into to major categories: physical mannequins and virtual reality simulators. The physical mannequins practically consist in low cost silicon dummies that enable learners to discover basic anatomical and pathological findings using real ultrasound equipment. This type of simulators allows the trainees to learn haw to use the equipment in order to obtain proper scans. However, the case complexity is limited due to the low fidelity of the physical mannequins. In addition there is no automated feedback and a supervisor is always needed during the practice. The virtual reality simulators usually rely on haptic devices or physical mannequins that record probe movements during transabdominal or transvaginal scans and combined them with computer-animated/real ultrasound images. Instructions and automated feedback are provided during the practice. They often contains multiple cases allowing the trainees to be exposed to different clinical scenarios. In the field of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility some ultrasound and surgical skills are required for independent practice including transvaginal oocyte pick-up, hysterosalpingocontrastsonography (HyCoSy) and embryo-transfer. Considering advantages and disadvantages of both apprenticeship models (traditional training and simulator-based training), a blended approach which combines simulator-based training with didactic and more traditional training on real patients could be introduced. So far the use of simulation-based training has shown promising results in terms of moderate effects on patient outcomes and large effects on trainee behavior in the clinical setting. It could be useful especially in the initial part of a structured training for novices, enabling them to acquire basic skills and to reach a predefined level of performance in a safe and controlled environment, before applying the procedure to real patients.

Les modes transgressifs de l’espace au profit de l’espace-temps dans La Route des Flandres (1960) de Claude Simon

<p>The subversion of traditional narrative techniques is one of the main facets of the New Roman. Claude Simon, one of the leading novelists of this literary movement, inscribes his creations in this movement. <em>La Route des Flandres</em> (1960) is in this respect a fertile ground for the transgression of classical spatial aesthetics. In this novel, space is subverted by the way it confuses the reader who seems, like the characters, to be trapped in a labyrinthine road where terror and death reign. Lost in cosmic opacity, the characters are disoriented and desperately search for landmarks. This partly explains the importance of space-time, which appears to be an alternative for the protagonists of the novel to free themselves from the concrete limits of the ruined battlefield, to find themselves in the dream, the power of attorney, the remembrance and reminiscences. Thus, through portraits, letters, newspapers and pictorial paintings, the characters travel here and now, through the thought generated from these objects, in space-time.</p>

Memory Politics in the European Union: in Search for Common Landmarks

The article evaluates the reasons behind the surge of interest in memory politics in EU countries in the last decade. The author analyses the current memory studies agenda, the mechanisms and instruments proposed for use at EU level to promote a common European identity, and the practices of representing a shared European past in public spaces that have emerged over the last few years (such as the permanent exhibition of House of European History in Brussels). The evaluation of new priorities on the memory politics agenda can help shed light on the difficulties and threats to further promote European solidarity based on a common memory, especially having in mind the drastic consequences of the 2020 pandemic crisis. One can foresee the advancement of national and regional models of memory politics to the frontline of identity politics in Europe. The research is based on the analysis of discourses reflecting the changing memory politics agenda aimed at consolidating a common European space where Russia is considered as the alien Other. Empirical data was collected by the author during her visits to European museums and memory sites representing the history and the current state of the European integration project. This was complemented by the analysis of digital library and archive resources and expert reports dedicated to memory politics and identity policies in the EU.

Contradictions in the Formation of the Historical Consciousness of Modern Russian Youth

From a praxeological standpoint, history is an experience of the past transferred to the present for the search for landmarks in reality. However, the historical consciousness of modern youth, which is forming under the conditions of network reality, is quite contradictory, which increases the political risk of involving this social group in protest activity. Young people are characterised by a fragmented worldview, an uncritical attitude to information coming from social networks, and the use of consumer behaviour standards in social relations. All these trends in the context of the spread of the ideology of neoliberalism lead to the undermining of collective identity. A particular object of influence is historical consciousness, which is a part of national identity. The strategic objectives of the Russian state are to maintain historical communication, including through memorials, to preserve historical identity as part of national sovereignty. The solution to these problems cannot be ensured by the efforts of the state alone; it is necessary to involve all the leading social institutions — agents of socialisation. Overcoming the contradictions in the formation of the historical consciousness of Russian youth involves the transmission of the value of patriotism through the institution of a traditional family.

Enhanced detection of fetal pose in 3D MRI by Deep Reinforcement Learning with physical structure priors on anatomy.

Fetal MRI is heavily constrained by unpredictable and substantial fetal motion that causes image artifacts and limits the set of viable diagnostic image contrasts. Current mitigation of motion artifacts is predominantly performed by fast, single-shot MRI and retrospective motion correction. Estimation of fetal pose in real time during MRI stands to benefit prospective methods to detect and mitigate fetal motion artifacts where inferred fetal motion is combined with online slice prescription with low-latency decision making. Current developments of deep reinforcement learning (DRL), offer a novel approach for fetal landmarks detection. In this task 15 agents are deployed to detect 15 landmarks simultaneously by DRL. The optimization is challenging, and here we propose an improved DRL that incorporates priors on physical structure of the fetal body. First, we use graph communication layers to improve the communication among agents based on a graph where each node represents a fetal-body landmark. Further, additional reward based on the distance between agents and physical structures such as the fetal limbs is used to fully exploit physical structure. Evaluation of this method on a repository of 3-mm resolution in vivo data demonstrates a mean accuracy of landmark estimation within 10 mm of ground truth as 87.3%, and a mean error of 6.9 mm. The proposed DRL for fetal pose landmark search demonstrates a potential clinical utility for online detection of fetal motion that guides real-time mitigation of motion artifacts as well as health diagnosis during MRI of the pregnant mother.

Hybrid approach for automatic cephalometric landmark annotation on cone-beam computed tomography volumes.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is commonly used for 3-dimensional (3D) evaluation and treatment planning of patients in orthodontics, where precision and reproducibility of landmark annotation are required. Manual landmarking is a time- and effort-consuming task regardless of the practitioner's experience. We introduce a hybrid algorithm for automatic cephalometric landmark annotation on CBCT volumes. This algorithm is based on a 2-dimensional holistic search using active shape models in coronal and sagittal related projections followed by a 3D knowledge-based searching algorithm on subvolumes for local landmark adjustment. Eighteen landmarks were located on 24 CBCT head scans from a public dataset. A 2.51-mm mean localization error (SD, 1.60mm) was achieved when comparing automatic annotations with ground truth. The proposed hybrid algorithm shows that a fast initial 2-dimensional landmark search can be useful for a more accurate 3D annotation and could save computational time compared with a full-volume analysis. Furthermore, this study shows that full bone structures from CBCT are manageable in a personal computer for 3D modern cephalometry.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL HERITAGE OF ACADEMICIAN IVAN ZIAZUN IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNIZATION OF EDUCATION

The article stated that modern Ukrainian education and science require a new understanding of the philosophical and intellectual concepts, theories, and the experience of education organization in synchronic and diachronic discourse, which provides the quality of innovative educational and scientific reformation, enrichment of the nation's intellect, and search for landmarks in the establishment of Ukraine in the European space. The conceptual ideas of academician Ivan Andriiovych Ziaziun are generalized in order to actualize the philosophical and pedagogical achievements of the scientist-philosopher in modern pedagogical theory and educational practice.The conceptual ideas of academician I. Ziaziun were embodied in the author's conceptions of the philosophical and pedagogical heritage: "philosophy of education", "pedagogical excellence", "pedagogy of good", "the beauty of pedagogical action" etc. The scientist substantiated the interdisciplinary connection of psychology and pedagogy, extrapolating it in the context of the meaning of consciousness and sub- consciousness in professional and personal development of a teacher, giving meaningful value to reflection as an instrument of self-evaluation and self-perfection. The problem of human nature is a pivot in the philosophical concept of academicianI. Ziaziun, which manifests itself in the spiritual, psychic, ethical and aesthetic dimensions of human life. In the context of defining the human nature of the individual, the academician substantiated the principles of the philosophy of education.The key requirement of the humanistic paradigm of education is pedagogical thinking and pedagogical action, which constitute the values of subject-subject interaction in the educational environment. The scientist emphasized that pedagogical excellence is a manifestation of activity of teacher personality, a humanistic philoso- phical position, the effectiveness of extrapolation of adequate methods and forms of learning. The teacher's pedagogical act is manifested in self-realization within pedagogical activity, which ensures the self-development of student's personality, in pedagogical technique, speech culture, the dialogic nature of communication, the search for truth, in figurative aesthetic worldview, and creative activity.

Automatic 3-dimensional cephalometric landmarking based on active shape models in related projections.

This article presents a novel technique for automatic cephalometric landmark localization on 3-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes by using an active shape model to search for landmarks in related projections. Twenty-four random CBCT scans from a public data set were imported and processed into Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, Mass). Orthogonal coronal and sagittal projections (digitally reconstructed radiographs) were created, and 2 trained active shape models were used to locate cephalometric landmarks on each. Finally, by relating projections, 18 tridimensional landmarks were located on CBCT volume representations. From our 3D gold standard, a 3.64-mm mean error in localization of cephalometric landmarks was achieved with this method, with the highest localization errors in the porion and sella regions because of the low volume definition. The proposed algorithm for automatic 3D landmarking on CBCT volumes seems to be useful for 3D cephalometric analysis. This study shows that a fast 2-dimensional landmark search can be useful for 3D localization, which could save computational time compared with a full-volume analysis. Also, this research confirmsthat by using CBCT for cephalometry, there are no distortion projections, and full structure information of a virtual patient is manageable in a personal computer.

Discrete Multimodal Hashing With Canonical Views for Robust Mobile Landmark Search

Mobile landmark search (MLS) recently receives increasing attention for its great practical values. However, it still remains unsolved due to two important challenges. One is high bandwidth consumption of query transmission, and the other is the huge visual variations of query images sent from mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing scheme, named as canonical view based discrete multi-modal hashing (CV-DMH), to handle these problems via a novel three-stage learning procedure. First, a submodular function is designed to measure visual representativeness and redundancy of a view set. With it, canonical views, which capture key visual appearances of landmark with limited redundancy, are efficiently discovered with an iterative mining strategy. Second, multi-modal sparse coding is applied to transform visual features from multiple modalities into an intermediate representation. It can robustly and adaptively characterize visual contents of varied landmark images with certain canonical views. Finally, compact binary codes are learned on intermediate representation within a tailored discrete binary embedding model which preserves visual relations of images measured with canonical views and removes the involved noises. In this part, we develop a new augmented Lagrangian multiplier (ALM) based optimization method to directly solve the discrete binary codes. We can not only explicitly deal with the discrete constraint, but also consider the bit-uncorrelated constraint and balance constraint together. Experiments on real world landmark datasets demonstrate the superior performance of CV-DMH over several state-of-the-art methods.

IEEE Access Special Section Editorial: Intelligent Sensing On Mobile and Social Media Analytics

The proliferation of mobile devices has led to an increasingly interconnected era, and a recent trend is the migration of multimedia search and analysis from the desktop to the cloud. This is, perhaps, partly due to the ease of capturing images and videos on a mobile device and associating them with social and contextual metadata such as comments and GPS tags. Such a hybrid data structure can benefit a wide variety of potential (mobile) multimedia applications, such as location recognition, landmark search, augmented reality, and commercial recommendations. One intrinsic potential solution is to explore large-scale social multimedia to assist and facilitate location related applications on the go and in real-time. With the combination of social and mobile cues, several problems that are previously difficult to be tackled in multimedia content analysis have also become more tractable. Current research in Intelligent Sensing is addressing the following:

Landmark Reranking for Smart Travel Guide Systems by Combining and Analyzing Diverse Media

Advanced networking technologies and massive online social media have stimulated a booming growth of travel heterogeneous information in recent years. By employing such information, smart travel guide systems, such as landmark ranking systems, have been proposed to offer diverse online travel services. It is essential for a landmark ranking system to structure, analyze, and search the travel heterogeneous information to produce human-expected results. Therefore, currently the most fundamental yet challenging problems can be concluded: 1) how to fuse heterogeneous tourism information and 2) how to model landmark ranking. In this paper, a novel landmark search system is introduced based on a newly designed heterogeneous information fusion scheme and a query-dependent landmark ranking strategy. Different from the existing travel guide systems, the proposed system can effectively combine the heterogeneous information from multimodality media into a landmark reranking list via a user’s query. Experimental results conducted on a large travel information collection illustrate the advantages of the proposed system in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.

Feature-based attention across saccades and immediate postsaccadic selection.

Before each eye movement, attentional resources are drawn to the saccade goal. This saccade-related attention is known to be spatial in nature, and in this study we asked whether it also evokes any feature selectivity that is maintained across the saccade. After a saccade toward a colored target, participants performed a postsaccadic feature search on an array displayed at landing. The saccade target either had the same color as the search target in the postsaccadic array (congruent trials) or a different color (incongruent or neutral trials). Our results show that the color of the saccade target did not prime the subsequent feature search. This suggests that "landmark search", the process of searching for the saccade target once the eye lands (Deubel in Visual Cognition, 11, 173-202, 2004), may not involve the attentional mechanisms that underlie feature search. We also analyzed intertrial effects and observed priming of pop-out (Maljkovic & Nakayama in Memory & Cognition, 22, 657-672, 1994) for the postsaccadic feature search: the detection of the color singleton became faster when its color was repeated on successive trials. However, search performance revealed no effect of congruency between the saccade and search targets, either within or across trials, suggesting that the priming of pop-out is specific to target repetitions within the same task and is not seen for repetitions across tasks. Our results support a dissociation between feature-based attention and the attentional mechanisms associated with eye movement programming.