Integrated Land Use Transport Research Articles

Exploring the influence of transportation on urban spatial structure using the spatial Durbin model: evidence from 265 prefecture-level cities in China

The interactive relation between transportation and urban spatial structure remains a significant yet challenging issue in transport engineering and urban planning. Most previous studies indicate that the coordination of transportation and urban structure is conducive to solve urban diseases and promote urban sustainable development. Grounded in the theory of city-region spatial structure, this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban spatial structure from 2006 to 2019 and investigates the impact of transportation on shaping urban spatial structure in prefecture-level cities in China using spatial Durbin model. Major findings include: first, the nighttime light remote sensing data is employed to characterize urban spatial structure with the mono-centricity index ranging from 0.26 to 0.48. The coastal cities tend to exhibit the polycentric structure, while the cities in western region often display the monocentric structure. Second, there is a gradual decline in mono-centricity structure in these cities. Spatial heterogeneity in urban spatial structure is evident in eastern, central, western and northeastern China. Third, transportation significantly and positively influences spatial structure, however, the impact varies across regions and city sizes. Finally, policy implications are proposed based on these findings, such as promoting the integrated land use-transportation development, implementing targeted regional policies, and enhancing land use spatial planning.

Multi-scenario based urban growth modeling and prediction using earth observation datasets towards urban policy improvement

Urbanization is a growing challenge for city planners and policymakers who are continuously focusing on computer-based statistical models, and machine learning for a sustainable and livable city. The main objectives of this article were to develop a robust artificial intelligence-based hybrid geo-simulation model to support multi-scenario urban growth modeling for urban policy improvement. In this study, earth observation datasets, Artificial Neural Network-Multilayer Perceptron coupled with Markov Chain (MLP-Markov) and Cellular Automata and Markov Chain (CA-Markov) were applied and the best performance was measured for urban growth modeling. The result shows that the urban land use was 25.79, 31.40, 45.19, 89.22 and 147.96 square km in 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 which has been predicted for 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051 based on the planned and unplanned development scenarios. The predicted urban land use of the planned development scenario is 242.10, 312.69, 363.80 and 400.72 square km while 242.91, 314.31, 366.23 and 403.98 square km of the unplanned development scenario during 2021, 2031, 2041 and 2051. The uncertainty result shows that overall agreement (84.99%) and other indices are higher, and disagreement is lower (15.01%) for MLP-Markov than the CA-Markov for the urban land use prediction. The hybrid geo-simulation models were tested over multiple urban planning indicators to understand urban growth patterns and related scenarios. The result shows that the geo-simulation model is extremely sensitive to the complex pattern of urban growth and disperse indicators over space and time. This study provides a promising guideline for urban planners and conservation scientists to implement a robust artificial intelligence-based hybrid geo-simulation model for compact, organized, and integrated land use-transportation development. HIGHLIGHTS Raipur city passing through sprawling and unplanned development due to uncontrol population growth and unmanaged development practices by local government and planning authority. Master plan of the development authority of the city failed to restrict unplanned development. Proposed urban growth model promote a compact, organized, integrated land use-transportation development and sustainable urban planning. Study, highlighted complexity in the modeling and suggested simplified Machine-based hybrid geo-simulation model for future urban growth for urban policy improvement.

Renters vs owners: The impact of accessibility on residential location choice. Evidence from Lyon urban area, France (1999–2013)

Urban areas face important challenges linked to contradictory trends of concentration, urban sprawl and segregation. More and more people choose to buy a residence in the suburbs taking advantage of the accessibility increase. At the same time, young households choose to rent in central areas. In this paper, distinguishing between renters and owners, we investigate the evolution of the households’ location choice determinants over time with a special focus on accessibility to employment. Our case study is the Lyon urban area. We rely on discrete choice models using the disaggregated census data of the location choices of households from 1999, 2008 and 2013 and we calculate elasticities. The results confirm our initial intuition. Owners become less sensitive to accessibility to employment over time whereas it is the opposite for renters. Our results suggest the importance of incorporating these temporal evolutions into models for a better land-use transport integration and policy.

Agent-based integrated land use/transport models: a study on scale factors and transport model simulation intervals

Abstract Modern agent-based models often suffer from long runtimes (computation times). While quite a few studies deal with runtime issues in transport models, there is less research with respect of agent-based, integrated land-use transport (ILUT) models. This paper examines how the transport model interval in an ILUT model suite affects runtime and results. In addition, the possibility of scaling the synthetic population, which is a common approach in agent-based transport models, is tested on the land-use side. Results suggest that transport models do not necessarily need to run every one or two years and larger intervals like five years lead to similar results. However, if intervals are too long, there error of estimated travel times in the years between transport model updates become larger. Scaling the land-use population does not result in large reductions of runtimes if the transport model population is kept uniform. Thus, scaling the land-use model population can be used to actually model every agent individually in the transport model. On the other hand, if the transport model population is scaled down with respect of the land use model, runtimes can be improved. In both cases, the results of the land use model appear to be stable in when using smaller population sub-samples, as far as the resolution of the analysis is not too small.

Understanding the ongoing struggle for land use and transport integration: Institutional incongruence in the Dutch national planning process

Formal and informal institutions help shape processes of planning, as ‘rules of the game’. However, institutions do not always align. As a result of changes in strategy and operation, institutional incongruence can emerge as old and new institutions conflict or as actors perceive and apply institutions in a different manner. In this article, we aim to gain insight in the concept of institutional incongruence and the way it shapes transport planning policy and implementation. To this end, we analyse the role of institutional congruence in the case of land use transport integration (LUTI) in the Netherlands. Although LUTI creates opportunities for beneficial synergies and helps avoid unwanted consequences, such as project time and project cost overruns, examples of successful deployment remain scarce. Through an institutional analysis of the Dutch national Planning, Programming and Budgeting (PPB) System for road infrastructure, we assess the ways in which LUTI is enabled or obstructed by formal and informal institutions. The one-year research project involves a triangulation of literature research, policy analysis, 22 expert interviews, focus groups and workshops. The findings illustrate that strategy and operation each present distinct formal and informal institutional incongruence that negatively influence land-use transport integration. We conclude that institutional incongruence is several instances of institutional incongruence can be found throughout the Dutch national planning process. These are partly inevitable because institutional change occurs gradually to reflect developments in society and manifests itself in both formal and informal rules. Therefore we recommend that, in order to achieve LUTI, the full institutional configuration of formal and informal rules, at strategic and operational level should be analysed, redesigned and aligned.

Integrated land use-transportation approach in controlling the growth of urban sprawl using remote sensing and GIS application

Integrated land use-transportation approach in urban planning has provided a new direction in urban sprawl studies. The spatial analysis of the current land use will provide an insight of the development density and the effect of active transportation activities on urban sprawl growth. This paper focuses on the integrated land use-transportation approach in controlling the urban sprawl by assimilating the application of remote sensing and GIS with Land Use Geospatial Indices (LUGI). Remote sensing and GIS is applied in measuring the phases of urban sprawl growth focusing on the aspect of the land use-transportation relationship. Two components of LUGI; 1) strip sprawl and 2) leapfrog development sprawl are designated to measure the spatial interruption caused by the urban sprawl. Strip and leapfrog analyses are useful in determining the existence of urban sprawl from the transportation perspectives. Transportation elements of road hierarchy and geometric, as well as transportation infrastructure are included as variables in the measurement process to validate the indication of both types of sprawl. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is chosen as the study area. Currently, the city served as capital and premier location that accommodates the regional headquarters of national and multinational business companies. Thus, the rapid population growth has contributed to the growth of urban sprawl in Kuala Lumpur, yet there are no substantial measures to identify the type, pattern and how to kerb it. The findings proved that Kuala Lumpur is currently facing the urban sprawl issues pertinent to the two components of LUGI calculated. These geospatial indices sprawl not only occurred at the city fringe but currently transpired within the city as well. The integrated land use-transportation approach is necessary for controlling the settlement development within the city to reduce the sprawling effects to the land use density and transportation system.

Research agenda for low-carbon mobility: Issues for New World cities

ABSTRACTLow-carbon mobility (LCM) features strongly in debates about the sustainability of cities and their resilience in the face of demographic, economic, and climate change. Transport is a major source of carbon emissions and there are indications that these continue to increase, despite the considerable recent advances in vehicle, engine, and fuel technologies. Reducing carbon emissions from transport may become more difficult, not easier. A particular issue relates to the New World cities, typified by those of North America and Australasia, which largely developed from the latter half of the nineteenth century onward and whose transportation systems were largely based around private vehicle ownership and usage. These cities are typically composed of low-density, dispersed suburbs, which are highly car dependent and resource and carbon emission intensive. This article develops a research agenda directed at determining and testing policy and planning measures relevant to the quest for low carbon mobility in New World cities. It suggests a rich agenda for essential research on LCM. Much of this agenda falls within the realm of the integration of transport and land use, with attention to urban design details to enhance the perceptions of and opportunities to use low carbon transport alternatives. Research topics identified for LCM research include (1) urban design and land use–transport integration (LUTI), (2) low carbon mobility policies directed at achieving widespread behavior change, (3) opportunities for new technology and its application, including requirements for systems and infrastructure, and (4) analysis and tools for informed decision making, including modeling, measurement, visualization, and especially assessment.

Activities Relocation for a Sustainable Mobility System

The paper analyzes an existing Land Use Transport Integration (LUTI) model in terms of its capacity to generate sustainable mobility behaviours in an urban area promoting the use of the public transport. The cited LUTI assumes the residual capacity of the mass transit system as a key element to indicate location and intensity of new residential and activities developments. It appears as a tool for the adoption of integrated transport-land use policies, especially for the short term planning.A systematic and accurate analysis of this LUTI is reported considering a real case of study (the city of Rome, Italy): five scenarios with different characteristics both in terms of supply network and travel demand have been considered. Finally, suggestions are reported to overcome some weaknesses that can arise in practical applications of the LUTI.

Transport Interchange and Local Urban Environment Integration

Among the different interchange design aspects, integrated land use and infrastructure planning is maybe one of the most problematic fields in practice, given that a joint transport and urban planning spills over the regular scope of action of interchange developers, whereas it involves the cooperation and agreement of various authorities. Not only this, but the very issue of land use-transport integration seems to be a long-standing mantra in planning and transport research, lacking scientific evidence. This paper is an output of an ongoing European research project called “NODES - New tOols for Design and OpEration of Urban Transport InterchangeS”. Its aim is to start re-focusing the academic-scientific evidence on the question and to foresee a specific and practical framework to approach the problem. The underlying hypothesis is that the interchange could be a catalyst of life and security in the city.

Assessing the Impact of Accessibility Improvement on Property Value Capitalization Post Perth – Mandurah Railway Opening

The research examines the behaviour aspect of LUTI (land use transport integration) in relation with the public transport extension emerged in the area by the Mandurah Line in Perth Metropolitan Area. The question on the contribution of the station precincts along the Mandurah line to increase public transport patronage has been considered for more than seven years now. The LUTI is examined by considering mode choice, as well as incorporating property value capitalization and public transport accessibility enhancement post rail opening. By incorporating the behavioural aspect in the LUTI analysis, i.e. we are able to quantify the relationships between land-use modifications, accessibility, and mobility. This paper discusses on the first finding at the preliminary stage of analysis. The correlation between property value and increased accesssibility post public transport extension is weak. Simple regression analysis shown 5-7% contribution of accessibility on property value capitalization; however, capitalization mostly emerged due to spilover outside the Mandurah rail line catchment, implied unobservatory factors other than accessibility improvement have more influence on capitalization of property value.

Neighborhood environment and health behavior in Los Angeles area

The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and obesity among adults. Using data from 7200 adult respondents in the 2007 Los Angeles County Health Survey, a binary logistic regression model is tested to examine whether land use patterns and the built environment characteristics of residential neighborhoods are associated with one’s probability of being obese. The result has shown that living in a neighborhood with higher household density, closeness to rail stations, and better bus services are associated with a lesser likelihood to be obese, which implies that people in a well-designed transit-oriented neighborhood tend to use active transportation modes to reach their daily activities and access transit services. Increased use of active transportation gives people an opportunity to engage in a moderate-level of exercise, so as to reduce their weight and enhance their health condition. This paper contributes an approach to analyze and estimate the health impact of an integrated land use-transportation plan. The model estimated in the paper can be used to analyze public health issues as a result of different land use policies, built environment improvements, and future demographic change.

A functional integrated land use-transportation model for analyzing transportation impacts in the Maryland-Washington, DC Region

The Maryland-Washington, DC region has been experiencing significant land-use changes and changes in local and regional travel patterns due to increasing growth and sprawl. The region’s highway and transit networks regularly experience severe congestion levels. Before proceeding with plans to build new transportation infrastructure to address this expanding demand for travel, a critical question is how future land use will affect the regional transportation system. This article investigates how an integrated land-use and transportation model can address this question. A base year and two horizon-year land use-transport scenarios are analyzed. The horizon-year scenarios are: (1) business as usual (BAU) and (2) high gasoline prices (HGP). The scenarios developed through the land-use model are derived from a three-stage top-down approach: (a) at the state level, (b) at the county level, and (c) at the statewide modeling zone (SMZ) level that reflects economic impacts on the region. The transportation model, the Maryland Statewide Transport Model (MSTM), is an integrated land use-transportation model, capable of reflecting development and travel patterns in the region. The model includes all of Maryland, Washington, DC, and Delaware, and portions of southern Pennsylvania, northern Virginia, New Jersey, and West Virginia. The neighboring states are included to reflect the entering, exiting, and through trips in the region. The MSTM is a four-step travel-demand model with input provided by the alternative land-use scenarios, designed to produce link-level assignment results for four daily time periods, nineteen trip purposes, and eleven modes of travel. This article presents preliminary results of the land use-transportation model. The long-distance passenger and commodity-travel models are at the development stage and are not included in the results. The analyses of the land use-transport scenarios reveal insights to the region’s travel patterns in terms of the congestion level and the shift of travel as per land-use changes. The model is a useful tool for analyzing future land-use and transportation impacts in the region.

Integrating Land Use with Public Transport: The Use of a Discursive Accessibility Tool to Inform Metropolitan Spatial Planning in Perth

Traditional transport modelling tools have not been used to enable planners to assess the extent to which future metropolitan growth options achieve sustainable accessibility through land use transport integration (LUTI). Further, both the characteristics and use of traditional tools limit the opportunity for stakeholders to participate in an explorative, open‐ended decision‐making process. The paper reports on how a new accessibility assessment tool, designed to overcome these problems, was employed with planning and transport practitioners to enable informed choices between scenarios for future change to Perth’s metropolitan spatial structure and public transport network. It was found that the tool provided measurements for public transport accessibility where previously there were none. More importantly practitioners’ understanding about LUTI was enhanced, particularly by showing the relationships between transport network accessibility and the accessibility of ‘place’.

Land use-transportation modeling with UrbanSim: Experiences and progress

As an open source and modular software system using highly disaggregated data for dynamic simulation, UrbanSim has been instrumental in making integrated land-use transportation modeling accessible beyond the bespoke models that characterized earlier generations. The UrbanSim model and the collaborative OPUS framework (Open Platform for Urban Simulation) that it has spawned have stimulated much original progress in this field. The object of this thematic issue of the Journal of Transport and Land Use is to report on this work and to illustrate the various ways UrbanSim has been adapted. However, this special issue is more than just a collection of progress reports. A central theme running through all the papers is that integrated land use-transportation modeling in Europe presents a series of challenges and demands not necessarily present in the United States context in which UrbanSim was developed. Thus, while the UrbanSim system can be technically adapted to European studies given the data and resources, the prevailing land-use transportation environment in Europe differs from the United States.

Planning for sustainable accessibility: The implementation challenge

The ‘Network City’ planning strategy espouses sustainable accessibility. The aim is to re-orient the existing urban structure by focussing development at places with high accessibility in order to support an effective public and private transport system. The implementation phase calls for changes to planning practices: the need for public transport planning and development change to be mutually supportive; the need for road network planning and road design to place land use-transport integration as the core objective rather than traffic efficiency and for the need to stage development according to planned population and employment targets. This must take place within a new participatory approach. All this requires planners to gain new skills. To achieve this the system of planning must remain strong.

Bilevel Negotiation Protocol for Multiagent Simulation of Housing Transactions and Market Clearing Processes

Models of residential choice behavior play a central role in integrated land use-transportation models. An agent-based model was developed of the negotiation process between selling and buying agents to represent price formation and clearance processes in housing markets. The model takes into account the heterogeneity of the goods traded, behavior protocols, imperfect knowledge, and strategic behavior of interacting households and real estate agents in price negotiations. A framework was developed, and the results of numerical experiments conducted to test the model are discussed.

Teaching Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning

Planning pedagogy is increasingly focused on teaching interdisciplinary topics in an integrated and synergistic manner. The intersection of land use and transportation is that of two topics that have risen to be front and center for the planning profession. This article focuses on the manner in which planning programs and, in particular, specific courses address land use and transportation planning. After describing the context in which such courses exist, this article analyzes syllabi from fifteen courses in North American planning programs in two respects. The first examines the list of topics covered within each course by discussing the nature of primary, secondary, and peripheral topics. Second, the analysis uncovers the frequency with which specific readings are employed in each course. The article closes by discussing the nature of a land use-transportation course from the University of Minnesota in which there is a lecture and laboratory component.

Three Methods for Synthesizing Base-Year Built Form for Integrated Land Use-Transport Models

Newer integrated land use-transport models require as a base-year input a representation of existing built form (building stock by type, age, density, and other variables). Available data on floor space inventory have been found to be both incomplete and inconsistent with employment and population data in three land use-transport modeling exercises in the United States: in Sacramento, California; in the state of Oregon; and in Oahu, Hawaii. This paper reports on three methods used to synthesize a built-form input at a detailed microlevel for these three models. Each method uses existing land cover data and reconciles them with population data, employment data, and data on the consumption of floor space by activity. All three approaches assign floor space quantities by type to a detailed microlevel (grid cell or parcel) inventory of land. The approaches differ in their algorithmic approach, motivations, and data requirements.

Uncertainty Propagation in an Integrated Land Use-Transportation Modeling Framework: Output Variation via UrbanSim

The effect of uncertainty in the land use component of a partially integrated land use–transportation modeling system called UrbanSim is examined. Outputs from the land use model (LUM) act as inputs for a traditional four-step travel demand model (TDM), and travel times from the traffic-assignment stage of the TDM are fed forward into the subsequent years’ LUM. This work examines the propagation of uncertainty across model stages as well as at each model stage over time. A factorized design approach is used to model uncertainty in demographic inputs (which include aggregate growth rates and mobility rates) to the land use model, as well as uncertainty in various model parameters. Results suggest that although several model inputs may affect model outputs in the short run, only those inputs that have a cumulative effect are likely to have a significant impact on outputs in the long run. Results also suggest that uncertainty in model outputs may increase for the first few years for which the model is run, as modified inputs send shocks through the urban system. However, the level of uncertainty appears to come down in later years, as households, jobs, and developers respond to changed input conditions.

South Yorkshire Supertram: Its Property Impacts and their Implications for Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning

(1999). South Yorkshire Supertram: Its Property Impacts and their Implications for Integrated Land Use-Transportation Planning. Planning Practice & Research: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 277-299.