Land Typologies Research Articles

Social capital of rice farmers in various typologies of rice lands in south Sumatra

The aim of the research is to quantify the level of social capital conditions of rice farmers in 3 typologies of tidal, swamp and rainfed rice fields in South Sumatra. This research is carried out in 3 locations in South Sumatra in rural areas based on rice farmers and representing three land typologies, namely Ogan Ilir District, Pemulutan District, Tanjung Pasir Village for the Swamp land typology, Banyuasin District, Muara Telang District, Upang Jaya Village for the Tidal Land Typology, and OKI Regency, Lempuing Jaya District, Lubuk Seberuk Village for rainfed land typology. The research used the Likert scale method to analyze the state of social capital of rice farmers in Banyuasin Regency. The results of measuring farmers' social capital on Three Land Typologies in South Sumatra using a Likert scale obtained a score of 53.11 for the lowland land typology in Tanjung Pasir Village, Pemulutan District, Ogan Ilir Regency, 55.02 for the rainfed land typology in Lubuk Seberuk Village, Lempuing Jaya District , Ogan Komering Ili Regency and 59.96 for the tidal land typology in Upang Jaya Village, Muara Telang District, Banyuasin Regency, which means that farmers' social capital is included in the High criteria for these three land typologies.

Spatial analysis of land cover changes in mangrove and peatland forests in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Forest management in Indonesia can be observed through land cover change as a macro indicator for forest loss or gains. In order to have a clear understanding of the trend of the land cover change in peatland and mangroves, we conduct the land cover change analysis using the last decadal or 10-year period. The land typologies used as analysis units are peat and mangrove ecosystem. The research area is located in North Sumatra Province, occupying a peat area of 50,089.9 ha and mangrove area of 86,907 ha. The spatial analysis includes land cover maps overlay and classification using GIS. The 2012-2022 analysis results indicate a trend of an increase in peat reforestation by 819.6 ha and deforestation by 5,043.5 ha, while the trend of mangrove reforestation increased by 12,801.5 ha and deforestation by 4,669.5 ha. Land cover changes in the peatland are predominantly derived due to conversion of plantation to secondary swamp forest and conversion of secondary swamp forest to bare land. In the mangrove ecosystem land cover changes are mainly derived due to the regrowth of shrubs to secondary mangrove forests and due to conversion or degradation of secondary mangrove forests to shrubs.

Specifications of Sugar Cane Varieties Based on Land Characteristic and Typology

The productivity of sugarcane is decreasing and there are more and more varieties in circulation. The decrease in productivity is caused by the incompatibility of each variety of land typology. The purpose of this research is to arrange the right varieties in increasing the productivity of sugarcane. The research method is surveying and matching. Parameters used include soil texture, land type conditions, soil drainage conditions, and rainfall. Based on the research results, the total working area of 11,866.81 ha was divided into 4 land typologies, namely BHJ with an area of 2,910.95 hectares (24.53%), BPJ with an area of 2,047.44 hectares (17.25%), RHL an area of 471.12 hectares (3.97%), RPL area of 1,527.01 hectares (12.87%). Based on land typology the suitability of BHJ varieties of sugarcane suitable varieties PSMLG 1 AGRIBUN, VMC76-16, NX03, PS921, PSJT941, PSDK923; BPJ land typology of suitable varieties Cenning, VMC71-238, PA0218, NX01, Kentung, AASAgribun, PSJT 941, PSDK923, PSBK051, NX02; RHL land typology of suitable varieties PSKA 942, PA028, PSBK061, VMC76-16, AMS Agribun, ASA Agribun, PSJT941, NXI4T, MOJO01, Bululawang; RPL land typology of suitable varieties PS881, TLH02, PSKA 942, PSBK061, PS091, PSJK922, VMC86-550, PS862, PS851, PSCO902, Kidang Kencana, PS882, PS092, PS865, PS864, NXI4T, Bululawang. Keywords: Soil drainage, Soil texture, Soil type, Soil typology, Sugarcane varieties.

Analisis Usahatani Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Rakyat Berdasarkan Jasa Ekosistem Pengaturan Tata Aliran Air dan Banjir di Provinsi Riau

Riau Province has the largest oil palm plantation in Indonesia consisting of large national private plantations and community plantations located in various land typologies and landscapes. Each landscape has characteristics of forest areas and peat hydrological units that can affect the level of land productivity. This study aims to determine the carrying capacity of environmental capacity based on ecosystem services of water flow and flood management services in smallholder oil palm plantations in Riau Province. The analysis method consists of spatial analysis and farming analysis, spatial analysis to determine the carrying capacity of environmental capacity based on ecosystem services for water flow and flood management services. Farming analysis to determine land productivity, fresh fruit bunch (FFB) prices, production costs and farmer income based on environmental capacity criteria based on ecosystem services for water flow and flood management services. The results showed that based on the capacity of environmental capacity based on ecosystem services for water flow and flood management services on smallholder oil palm plantations in Riau Province consisted of very low, low, medium, high and very high criteria. Furthermore, the level of productivity, FFB prices, production costs and farmers' income are influenced by the typology of the capacity of water flow and flood management services. The higher the capacity of water flow and flood management services, the higher the land productivity and farmers' income.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING FARMING PRODUCTIVITY OF RAWA LEBAK RICELAND BASED ON LAND TYPOLOGY IN GANDUS DISTRICT, PALEMBANG CITY

Most of the paddy fields in the city of Palembang are rawa lebak land that scattered on the banks of the Musi River. One of the centers of rawa lebak rice in Palembang City is in Gandus District, which has an area of 1,017,255 hectares of rawa lebak rice fields. The productivity of rawa lebak rice in Gandus District (4.4 tons/ha) is still lower than the average productivity of South Sumatra Province (4.975 tons/ha) and national (5.13 tons/ha). The purpose of this study was (1) to analyze the factors that influence rice production in rawa lebak rice farming in three typologies, namely shallow, middle, and deep rawa lebak land, and (2 ) to analyze the efficiency of the use of rice production factors in rawa lebak rice farming in three typologies of rawa lebak land. The research was conducted in Gandus District, Palembang City. Sampling used purposive sampling method and taken as many as 93 farmers, consisting of 31 farmers in each rawa lebak typology. The analysis used is a Cobb-Douglass model regression and t-test to determine the effect of production factors, and efficiency analysis to determine the efficiency of the use of production factors. The results showed that (1) The production factor of urea and NPK fertilizers had a significant affect on farming productivity in all typologies of rawa lebak land. Land area, seed, and pesticide factors had no significant effect on farming productivity in all typologies of rawa lebak land. Meanwhile the labor factor had a significant effect in middle and deep rawa lebak land, but had no significant effect in shallow rawa lebak land.(2) The production factors of land area and seeds are inefficient in all land typologies. The production factor of urea and NPK fertilizer has not been used efficiently in all land typologies. The use of pesticide factor is inefficient in the middle and deep rawa lebak land, while the use of labor is inefficient in the shallow and deep rawa lebak land.

Neighborhoods and their impacts on the informal food economy of Bengaluru

Informal work has received much attention in global policy and research over the past four decades, however, policy approaches have favoured an economic way of thinking about informality rather than a spatial or urban perspective. This article investigates city-scale trends within the informal food economy of Bengaluru, attempting to use a spatial lens to understand informal work. The study involved a large scale quantitative survey of informal food businesses in different kinds of neighborhoods across the city, as well as in-depth interviews with a smaller set of businesses. Through the survey and interviews, we studied the variety of business setups and their operations, occupational mobility and financial stability. This article attempts to demonstrate: (i) the diversity of outcomes for vendors over time, and (ii) how vendors' occupational history and social networks play a role in creating (and closing off) vending opportunities, and (iii) how the spatial-economic structure of the city, defined here as specific land typologies, influences the operations and financial prospects of informal food businesses.

The Historical Transformation of Peri-Urban Land Use Patterns, via Landscape GIS-Based Analysis and Landscape Metrics, in the Vesuvius Area

Peri-urban areas constitute an enormous resource in terms of natural capital, landscape heritage and economic activities, but, at the same time, they are often affected by physical and socio-economic degradation, drawing the attention of decision makers and planners. Many studies have focused on these contexts both in terms of suburbs, with a close dependence on urban centers, and new land typologies. The present paper focuses on documentary evidence of the direct impacts of urban growth on rural lands. The study area entails the Vesuvius National Park, which, belonging the Naples metropolis, is well-known for its historical, geo-morphologic and naturalistic value. Furthermore, the area has a history of high-quality cartographic production: the 1817, 1907, 1960, 2009 time steps maps were digitized, georeferenced, vectorized and compared in a GIS environment. The results highlight a strong change in land-use, in vineyards and urban class types, with a more disaggregated landscape mosaic. The approach shows that the historical modeling of land-use changes supports the understanding of current land-use dynamics and landscape patterns. The study also shows the need to integrate landscape planning and landscape ecology approaches, highlighting the close interactions between urban, agricultural and natural areas, for the purpose of supporting decision makers in land-use management and conservation policies.

Respons tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) terhadap aplikasi konsorsium biostimulan di tiga tipologi lahan

The consortium biostimulant combines several types of biostimulant applied holistically, such as phytohormones to induce physiological processes, humic acid to improve nutrition intake and land fertility, and biofertilizer arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve abiotic stress tolerance. The objectives of this research were to analyze the effect of application consortium biostimulant on the growth and productivity of Bululawang sugarcane variety planted in three land typologies, i.e. irrigated heavy soil with good drainage (BPL), irrigated heavy soil with poor drainage (BPJ), and rainfed light soil with good drainage (RHL). The research was conducted on plant cane (PC) sugarcane areal in Lumajang Regency, East Java, from July 2019 to September 2020. The treatment plot area was 1 ha for each land typologies, and the observation were conducted on 10 m plant row with ten times replications. Each treatment was replicated ten times. The results showed that the application of consortium biostimulant could induce faster growth of sugarcane shoots and better roots at one month after planting (MAP). Stalk height and diameter showed significantly different values between treatment and control at the plant age 6 to 12 MAP. In addition, the sugarcane stalk weight per meter row also increases by 13.72 – 28.57%. The growth performance of sugarcane on a commercial scale increased, also sugarcane productivity increased by 11.08 – 20.36%. The potential sugar yield increased by 15.05% in BPL land typology, 4.9% in BPJ land typology, and 9.7% in RHL land typology. The difference in land typologies affected the effectiveness of the consortium biostimulant application in increasing sugarcane productivity.

An assessment method and typology for the regeneration of vacant land in Quito, Ecuador

A proper categorization of vacant lands allows for more appropriate and successful reuse/management strategies. As such, proper definitions and classifications are necessary for the reutilization of vacant sites. Seeking to understand and develop vacant land typologies, this study triangulates data created through an extensive literature review, field experts’ interviews, and an online survey to residents to propose a new typology of vacant lands which can serve as a guide for their regeneration. Also integrating the most relevant vacant land typologies in current literature and available local spatial data, this study identified five vacant land typologies most suitable for the city of Quito, Ecuador including: i) Abandoned Land ii) Undeveloped Land iii) Postindustrial Land iv) Land Held for Speculation, and v) Derelict Land. The research demonstrates that the regeneration of the different typologies of vacant land in Quito has the potential to serve the community and help to address specific urban necessities based on local characteristics. The reutilization of these sites is expected to help with the mitigation of urban sprawl and to control inner-city increasing land vacancies.

LEVEL OF FAILURE RISK BASED ON LAND TYPOLOGY OF PARTICIPANTS OF RICE FARM INSURANCE PROGRAMS IN SOUTH SUMATERA

Risk level in South Sumatra differs based on the land typology in which Buay Madang Timur District in East OKU Regency with typical irrigation rice field typology has different risk level compared to Banyuasin Regency with its tidal land typology. This research was aimed to find out risk failure in two land typologies nad losses due to its risk. The calculation of Z score was used to calculate risk level using cross data section in year 2019. Data were collected from each district with 120 AUTP farmer participants consisted of 60 samples of tidal land typology and 60 technical irrigation. Which 60 samples consisted of 52 unclaimed farmers and 8 claimed farmers. Based Z score calculation of crop failure risk, it was resulted that technical irrigation land typology in OKU Regency had 44% risk level due to rat and planthopper attack, compared to 49% tidal land typology in Banyuasin Regency that caused rat attack. Risk impact due to crop failure was then calculated using the Value at Risk (Var) method. Results showed that crop failure losses in East OKU Regency were equal to Rp. 11.304.361,- for each planting season while in Banyuasin Regency it was Rp. 12.445.273,-. Thus, the impact of crop failure risk in tidal land typology was greater than technical irrigation.

Analyzing the provision of ecosystem services by conservation easements and other protected and non-protected areas in the Upper Chattahoochee Watershed

A conservation easement (CE) legally places a permanent restriction on the development of a private land parcel, and in turn, can provide tax benefits to the landowner. We used the modular toolset InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) to quantify provision of five ecosystem services (ESs) (carbon storage, wildlife habitat quality, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment exports) provided by CEs and other land typologies (Simulated Parcels, 1 km Buffer area, Watershed Average, Federal, State and Local Protected Areas) within the Upper Chattahoochee Watershed (UCW), which provides 72% of drinking water to about six million residents of the Atlanta Metropolitan Area and is experiencing one of fastest urban growth of the United States. Simulated Parcels would represent the land cover of CEs if the development restrictions were not in place. We conducted the analysis for 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016. We aggregated all ESs into one index. Overall, CEs provided higher levels of ESs relative to the Simulated Parcels, 1 km Buffer, Watershed Average, and Local Protected Areas. However, the ESs from CEs were lower relative to Federal and State Protected Areas. Our results suggest that CEs are effective in ensuring the continuance of ESs within the UCW.

Increasing Rice Yield Through Amelioration and Fertilization on Medium Freshwater Swampland

A big potential of freshwater swampland to overcome the land depreciation and the effects of drought in some land typologies during climate anomalies such as El Nino. Some of the freshwater swampland has been utilized by farmers for food crops, horticulture, fisheries, and livestock, but its utilization and productivity are still low and needs to be improved. The research was conducted on 2.5 ha of medium freshwater swampland at Hamayung village, Daha Utara district, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, South Kalimantan in dry season 2017. The experiment used a randomized block design with six treatments and three replicates. The treatments were: (1) Application of Pistia stratiotes + Biotara + Decision Support System (DSS) fertilization system; (2) Application of Pistia stratiotes + Biotara + recommended fertilization system; (3) Application without Pistia stratiotes + Biotara + DSS fertilization system; (4) Application without Pistia stratiotes + Biotara + recommended fertilization system; (5) Only Pistia stratiotes; and (6) Control. Soil tillage was carried out with minimum tillage. The rice variety was Inpara (Inbrida padi rawa) 2, which is high yield varieties for a swampy area that Fe tolerant with a planting system of jajar legowo (jarwo) 2: 1 (25 cm-50 cm) x 12.5 cm. The results showed that a combination treatment of 15 t/ha in situ weed of Pistia stratiotes/ha + 25 kg Biotara/ha + DSS fertilization system (50 kg urea/ha + 37 kg SP36/ha + 24 kg KCl/ha) gave the highest yield (7.62 t/ha). This treatment increased yield by 10.28% compared to control (6.91 t/ha) and was higher (52.40-69.33%) than those yielded by local farmers cultivation (4.5-5.0 t/ha).

The Role of Subsidized Fertilizers on Rice Production and Income of Farmers in Various Land Typologies

The research aimed to analyze the role of subsidized fertilizers on rice production and income of farmers in various land typologies. The sampling used is cluster method and followed with an experimental research by using Split Plot Design. The compound fertilizer costs are one-half times higher than single fertilizer, but the rice yield difference is enhanced by the provision of fertilizer reaching more than two-times higher compared to a single fertilizer. The rice yields can be increased more than three-times higher, but the income of farmers can be increased only about one and half times. The Government needs to make a policy of the lowest rice price, then income of farmers can be automatically increased and at the same time the welfare of famer’s families will be also increased.

Determining Sustainability Index of Tobacco Planted in Various Types of Land Typology in Pamekasan, Madura

Economic importance of tobacco plantation has long been undeniable for East Java. In this province, especially in Madura, Pamekasan constitutes one of the greatest tobacco producers, cultivated in many types of farm typology such as sawah, tegal, and gunung. This current study aimed at investigating sustainability index of tobacco planted in various land typologies in Pamekasan. Data were collected using in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The study was conducted in Pamekasan, Madura, between April 2016 and March 2016. Data obtained were evaluated using Rap-Tobacco (derived from Rap-Fish) commonly known as Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS), covering ecological, social economy, institutional and policy, and technological aspects. The results demonstrated that the highest sustainability index was observed at technological dimension, reaching up to 66.99 (sawah), 55.97 (tegal) and 58.13 (gunung). Although tobacco farming was sustainable in terms of technological dimension, more advanced technological supports might help it to reach a meaningful improvement, such as the use of information system for generating accurate climate data, as well as production and better distribution of proper tobacco seeds. Statistically, stress value was found <0.25%, while R2 value ranged from 92% to 94%. In short, we could conclude that the present model successfully fitted the testing data and could satisfactorily calculate sustainability index.

The Highest Retail Price (HET) of Subsidized Fertilizer at the Farmer’s Level in South Sumatra Rice Farming, Indonesia

The research objective is to analyze the subsidized fertilizer price (HET) at the hand of farmers of rice farming in South Sumatra province. The sampling method was disproportionate stratified random sampling with four land typologies. The field data were collected through observation, interviews with respondents. The use amount of fertilizers on all typologies effected significantly different to rice yields. In the lebak ricefields, the influence of Urea, NPKPhonska and KCl together effected significantly different, but not significantly different for each use of fertilizers. The use cost of Urea affected rice yields and income of farmers significantly different for all ricefields. Eligible HET price received by farmers has to be lower than the real HET price. Determination eligible HET price has to consider soil productivity and accessibility (dam, water gates, water pump, road, infrastructure, local retail and others).

Characterizing and Analyzing Sonor System in South Sumatra Tidal Wetlands

The research aimed to (1) describe changing biomass during the burning process, (2) characterize the nutrient loss due to biomass burning, (3) analyse the financial loss of nutrient transfer, and (4) compare farmer’s income among three land typologies. This research was conducted in tidal wetlands Talang Sepucuk, OKI District, South Sumatra with a slope of 0-3 %. Three selected land typologies (B, C and D) are located in the area adjacent to one another with distance < 1.200 m. The natural vegetation data and paddy yields was recorded by squares method, i.e. 25 x 25 m at each study site, dried and weighed and analyzed in the laboratory. The research resulted that the nutrient transfer due to biomass burning was in range of Rp 49.98-51.62 Mills/ha/year. The farmer’s income of the sonor system was very small (Rp 3.61-3.97 Mills/ha/year), it was only about 7 % of the total financial loss of nutrient transfer). The remaining value (93 %) is beyond the capacity of farmers to harvest natural resources. This value (93 %) is classified as one of the biggest negative impact of the sonor system to be paid by the all people.<strong> </strong>The government must intervene to make the public policy by giving direct subsidy to farmers NOT to burn biomass in the sonor system with compensation of at least 2 (two) times of farmer’s income from the sonor system (around Rp 7.66 Mill. Rp/ha/year). If farmers still continue to apply the sonor system by using fire, then there is very little opportunity for us to manage the nutrients loss due to biomass burning. The preventive and proactive approach is the best way how to manage the land resources.

Optimalisasi Alokasi Sumberdaya Rumahtangga Petani Di Ekosistem Lahan Pasang Surut di Kalimantan Selatan = Optimizing The Allocation Of Farm-household Resources In Tidal Swamp Area In South Kalimantan

The objective of this research is to analyses the allocation of farmer household resources in tidal swamp area. The survey method was used to collect farmer data located in tidal swamps land villages with acid sulphate land, peatyland,. and potential land typologies in South Kalimantan. Quantitative analysis of data was carried out using linear programming model and sensitivity analysis, utilizing the BLPX 88 program.The findings of the analysis showed that villages allocated resources differently with the implication that incomes earned by the villages differed from one village to the other. However, it was found out too that optimal solution showed the need for the continuation of rice growing in the areas. Farmers who were located in potential areas where tangerine were grown produce higher incomes than the other two villages. To replicate the cropping pattern farmers in potential land in acid sulphate land and peatyland, resulted into a drastic increase in income earned by farmers

KEANEKARAGAMAN, DOMINASI, PERSEBARAN SPESIES PENGGEREK BATANG PADI DAN SERANGANNYA PADA BERBAGAI TIPOLOGI LAHAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI

Diversity, domination, and distribution of rice stem borer species and its damage in various land typologies in Jambi Province. The research was conducted to analyze the diversity, domination, species distribution of rice stem borers (RSB) and its damage on various land typologies in Jambi Province. The research was carried out using survey method, from December 2010 until June 2011. Samples of RSB were collected from tidal swamp in Tanjung Jabung Timur District, swampy area in Muaro Jambi District, rainfed lowland in Sarolangun District, irrigated lowland in Merangin District, and irrigated upland in Kerinci District and Sungai Penuh District. The results showed that there were five spesies of RSB found in Jambi Province. Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (yellow stem borer) was the most dominant of RSB, followed by Sesamia inferens Walker (pink stem borer), Chilo suppressalis Walker (striped stem borer), Chilo polychrysus Meyrick (dark-headed stem borer), and Scirpophaga innotata Walker (white stem borer). The distribution of S. incertulas, S. inferens, C. suppressalis and C. polychrysus were in all of rice field in Jambi Province, but that of S. innotata was limited over tidal swamp and rainfield lowland area. The RSB damage rate was lower than economic thereshold.

Impacts of Short-Term Land Use by High-Speed Rail on Large Metropolises

An accessibility-based approach was used to find the short-term impacts of high-speed rail (HSR) on metropolitan areas. The impacts of Spanish HSR on Madrid from 2006 to 2009 were studied by the integration of geographic information system technology and spatial discrete choice models. Besides the socioeconomic variables, both local and regional transport network development and accessibility growth were considered to isolate the impacts on the changes of land use types brought about by different sources of accessibility. The results from the model reveal that in large metropolitan cities such as Madrid, the impacts of HSR were shadowed by other external factors. With a focus on the land typologies that shifted the land use types during the years studied, the growth of regional accessibility by inauguration of new HSR lines was found to be an important incentive. This growth of regional accessibility may lead to the upgrade of land occupation. However, this finding does not imply that such an increase can be a sufficient factor to drive the change in land use patterns because in a comparison with the whole metropolitan region, the proportion of land cells that changed each year was relatively small.

POTENSI PARASITOID TELUR PENGGEREK BATANG PADI KUNING Scirpophaga incertulas Walker PADA BEBERAPA TIPOLOGI LAHAN DI PROVINSI JAMBI

The research was conducted to analyze the diversity, dispersal and domination of the egg parasitoid species of the yellow rice stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker on several land typologies in Jambi Province. The study was conducted by survey method, from December 2010 until June 2011. Samples of egg parasitoids of S. incertulas were collected by baiting parasitoids with eggs of S. incertulas. The results of the research showed that there were three spesies of the egg parasitoids of S. incertulas found in Jambi Province, the most dominant was Telenomus rowani Gahan, followed by Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead and Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere. T. rowani and T. japonicum were found in all wetland ecosystems in Jambi Province (tidal swamp, swampy area, rainfed lowland, lowland technical irrigation, and upland technical irrigation), while T. schoenobii was found only in tidal swamp, swampy area, and lowland technical irrigation. The highest species diversity of egg parasitoid of S. incertulas was found on tidal swamp (Shannon index 1.047), followed by swampy area, lowland technical irrigation, rainfed and upland technical irrigation area. The average of proportion of egg masses parasitized by T. rowani, T. japonicum and T. Schoenobii were 22.58, 6.18 and 2.68% respectively. The average of individual eggs parasitized by T. rowani, T. schoenobii, and T. japnicum were 8.41, 1.67 and 1.47% respectively.