Distribution Of Land Ownership Research Articles

Who owns the land? Socio-cultural and economic drivers of unequal agrarian land ownership in climate-vulnerable coastal Bangladesh

In agrarian society, land is a critical resource. Not only does access to arable land increase food security and household income, it also provides resources to cope with any environmental stresses. In most cases, in the low-income developing regions land distribution is very heterogeneous. Based on empirical research in coastal Bangladesh, this article explores patterns in land ownership among the local farmers, discussing how gender, ethnicity, religion, and status relate to farm size, playing a critical role in shaping the heterogeneous distribution of land ownership. Historical patterns of inequality and marginality influence land distribution patterns as the historical ‘Zamindar system’ in the region reinforced elite control. Colonial and post-colonial expansion into climate-vulnerable regions fuelled land expropriation. Cultural constructions of gender create challenges for females owning land. These legacies impact current land ownership patterns. Land distribution informs who is struggling with limited resources and who needs financial subsidies or other forms of support in times of crisis. Even though this paper has a regional focus, it provides critical insights and caution about overlooked assumptions of resource distribution, poverty, and development that can be applied to other parts of the Global South facing similar social, economic and postcolonial legacies.

Pelaksanaan Redistribusi Tanah Eks Hak Guna Usaha

This study aims to analyze the implementation of land redistribution of ex-use rights(HGU) as well as to analyze the constraints and solutions for implementing the land redistribution in Semarang Regency. One of the problems in the land sector in Indonesia is that there is still an imbalance in terms of land ownership which is still controlled by the owners of capital. There are still many farmers who do not own land that can be managed to improve farmer's health. In order to realize equal distribution of land ownership and increase the welfare of farmers, the government implemented a land redistribution program for ex-HGU lands that have expired and whose permits have not been extended. HGU permit for PT. Sinar Kartasura, which is located in Candi Village and Kenteng Village, Semarang Regency, has used its permit to become an object of agrarian reform as part of the government's efforts to reduce the imbalance of land ownership between farmers/people and capital owners.This research uses a normative juridical approach with the support of primary data. The research data uses primary legal materials such as laws and regulations on agrarian affairs and secondary legal materials which include books and journals that study agrarian reform. The results of this study explain that the priority for implementing agrarian reform is for ex-HGU and HGB land whose HGU has expired and within 1 year has not submitted an application for a permit extension. the implementation of land redistribution in Candi Village and Kenteng Village, Semarang Regency, as many as 3.26i of ex-HGU plots of PT. Sinar Kartasura has successfully completed 100%. Utilization of ex-HGU land is still used as agricultural land. Obstacles encountered in land redistribution are limited human resources and limited time to complete land redistribution. The recommendation from this study is that the participation of the public and the private sector in supporting the implementation of land redistribution will realize optimal and sustainable implementation of agrarian reform.

The biogeography and evolution of land ownership

AbstractAimLand ownership norms are well documented and play a central role in social–ecological systems. Yet only recently has the spatial and temporal distribution of land ownership been examined using biogeographical and evolutionary approaches. We incorporate biogeographical and evolutionary modelling to test associations between land ownership and environmental, subsistence and cultural contact predictors.LocationAfrica.TaxonBantu and Bantoid ethnolinguistic groups (73 societies).MethodsBased on ethnographies for 73 societies, we coded land ownership norms as none, group, kin or individual. We paired these data with language phylogenies, and measured phylogenetic and geographical signal and modelled alternative evolutionary trajectories using maximum likelihood methods. We tested the influence of environmental, subsistence and cultural predictors on spatial variation in land ownership, using a multi‐model inference approach based on logistic regression.ResultsBantu land ownership norms likely evolved on a unilinear trajectory (i.e. societies progress or regress along a series of ownership types), but not one requiring consistent increase in exclusivity (i.e. restrictions towards ownership by smaller groups) as suggested by prior theory. Our biogeographical analyses suggest land ownership is more likely where neighbours also own land and resource productivity is predictable. Reliance on agriculture has relatively small effect sizes and low importance in the model.Main ConclusionsWe find support for multiple evolutionary pathways. Lack of resolution may be due to localized horizontal transfer of norms consistent with the influence of neighbours we find from biogeographical analyses. We cannot rule out other untested mechanisms. Although long‐standing theories propose links between subsistence practices and land ownership, our results suggest subsistence plays only a modest role. Our results also support resource defensibility theory (i.e. land ownership is more likely where environmental productivity is predictable). Overall, we demonstrate the value of combining analytical approaches from evolution and biogeography to test hypotheses on the spatial and temporal variation of human cultural traits.

The Distribution of Land Rights in Huaibei from the Republican Period to the Early Years of the People’s Republic of China: A Case Study Based on the Suixi County Archives

Abstract It was once believed that land rights in the Huaibei region were highly concentrated and that large ownership of land was extremely common. However, in recent years, more and more scholars have come to believe that there was no such tendency of serious land concentration in modern China. Republican-era statistics on land ownership in Huaibei are extremely rare. In contrast, the “Land and Real Estate Ownership Certificate Stubs” 土地房产所有证存根 collected by the Suixi County Archives in the early years of the People’s Republic provide detailed records on the land ownership distribution in this county. Using these materials, we calculate the Gini coefficient of land ownership distribution for each village. It turns out that most of the villages had a Gini coefficient lower than 0.35, which indicates only a moderate differentiation of land occupation. It shows that large landownership did not prevail in rural Suixi. Rather, it was a world of small-scale landowners.

Tenure of agricultural assets farmers affected by policy on national strategic project development in Klaten Regency

Klaten is one of the three regencies in Central Java affected by the construction of the Solo-Yogyakarta toll road, and at the same time, it is the widest area for constructing this route. The purpose of this article is to describe agricultural mastery by farmers as a national project strategy. This article is part of research on the Response of Affected Farmers to the Strategic National Project policy for toll development. A research method is a quantitative approach by taking as many as 251 respondents who are taken representatively from the east, west, central, north and south sides. The performance of the control of agricultural assets is seen from (1) the average area of land owned by farmers, (2) the percentage of farmers on the status of farmers’ land ownership, (3) the distribution of land ownership and control, (4) the distribution of farmers’ occupations, (5) income from agricultural sector and (6) sources of income in the agricultural sector. Data were analyzed descriptively analytically with frequency tabulation. In conclusion, most respondents have land ownership status as cultivators, owning 0.01 to 0.49 ha of land, and consider farming their main occupation.

Land Inequality and Its Influencing Factors in Rural China in Modern Times: A Systematic Review

Land inequality is a global and historic issue. There is a problem of unequal distribution of land ownership in modern China; research results on this topic are extensive, but the conclusions are quite different or even completely opposite. This study systematically reviewed the research results obtained for land inequality in modern China and performed an international comparison. The results show that the debate on the estimation of land inequality in modern China has existed for a long time. The overall estimation of land inequality has been repeatedly revised, and many subdivision estimates show great regional variability. The application of the Gini coefficient and other methods can address the drawbacks of traditional methods. A change trend toward equality was found to be more likely in the late modern period. The majority of studies support the notion that debt burden, power, and strength exacerbated land inequality in modern China, whereas the inheritance system with equal sharing, revolution, and reform reduced the land inequality. However, the impact of disasters and commercialization remains controversial. Compared with relevant international studies, the study on land inequality in modern China focused on estimations with unique interpretation perspectives, but there are limitations in terms of the research methods used.

Europe’s Large-Scale Land Acquisitions and Bibliometric Analysis

The agricultural sector in the European Union is largely characterized by a declining number of farms and an increasing size of surviving farms. The land is concentrating under the usage of fewer large agricultural producers. Meanwhile, a broad distribution of land ownership is the basis for the welfare of local economies and rural communities. Land distribution is one important component that guarantees our right to food, human rights, and sustainability in agriculture. The aim of this paper was to compile a systematic review of the existing literature on large-scale land acquisitions in Europe. The results are based on two different search methods. Firstly, documents and articles on large-scale land acquisitions were studied and, secondly, keyword research from the SCOPUS database and analysis using VOSviewer where performed. This study shows that large-scale land acquisitions are closely related to food security, human rights, global governance and international law, land tenure, biofuel production, and financialization through European Union common agricultural policy subsidies and foreign direct investments.

Land rental market reforms: Can they increase outmigration from agriculture? Evidence from a quantitative model

Recent econometric work suggests that there is a positive link between the development of land rental markets and the migration of workers out of agriculture in the developing world. I investigate this claim using a two-sector model of structural transformation that takes into account the well-known inverse relationship between farm size and farm productivity. The model studies how the allocation of employment between agricultural and non-agricultural activities is affected by the presence of transaction costs in the land rental market, as well as by the initial distribution of land ownership. Theoretically, a reduction in transaction costs induces outmigration from agriculture if agricultural prices are sufficiently flexible, while rigid agricultural prices may lead to the reverse phenomenon of immigration in agriculture. Practically, the model predicts that for most of the countries tested, a reduction in transaction costs causes little labor movement between sectors. This is equally true concerning the effect of a land redistribution. In spite of this, these reforms are found to increase substantially the production efficiency and welfare of farmers. These results suggest that the main benefit of stimulating land rentals is not in fostering structural transformation, but in improving the livelihoods of farmers.

Tinjauan Yuridis Penyelesaian Sengketa Terhadap Alas Hak Atas Tanah (Studi Putusan Nomor: 347/PDT/2014/PT-Mdn)

Land disputes are unavoidable today, this is because various land needs are very high in today's times while the number of land parcels is limited. This demands improvements in the field of land management and use for the welfare of the community and especially legal certainty. The research method used in this paper is a normative juridical method. The research method used is library research and field research. Arrangement of rights regarding the basis of land rights as regulated in Law No. 5 of 1996 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles, regulating several land rights that are on the earth's surface, under the earth's surface, and above the air. The factors causing the frequent emergence of land dispute problems include: the land administration system, especially in terms of land certification, which is not right, the distribution of land ownership is not evenly distributed, the legality of land ownership is based solely on formal evidence (certificates), without regard to productivity. soil. The process of resolving disputes over land rights in decision number: 347 / Pdt / 2014 / PT-Mdn is resolved through the litigation channel, where in the litigation line the judiciary is given the authority to hold authority and adjudicate a dispute. In every dispute resolution process through litigation, the parties involved in the dispute must follow the procedures set out in the procedural law.

Fairness in the distribution of land ownership in Indonesia based on Islamic law perspective

The imbalance of land ownership and tenure, which results in several land cases, becomes the main problem in agrarian sector in Indonesia that needs quick handling. Although the government has issued some policies related to the agrarian sector, such cases have not been completely solved. The main cause of the imbalance of land ownership is not merely about substance or policy related to land, but also the fundamental concept, philosophy, and orientation of the policy. Regarding this matter, this article explains Islamic point of view about fairness in distribution of land ownership as an alternative solution. Methodologically, this research is normative juridical research which is not only descriptive, but also prescriptive with doctrinal approach. According to a research conducted, every policy related to land issued by the government should be based on the principles of public interest or social justice as well as security of life and property, which become part of the concept of maqashid al-syarî’ah. Thus, the government must play an active role in the mechanism for the distribution and revocation of property rights over the land. Additionally, to make a fair and equitable the distribution of land, the government is required to provide supports, such as intensification and extensification so that all people are able to receive, manage, and use land ownership rights.

Predictors of inequalities in land ownership among Nigerian households: Implications for sustainable development

The ownership and use of land are increasingly being threatened by rapid urbanization and unsustainable resource consumptions. In Nigeria, the land is faced with enormous pressure from an explosive population of 214 million people that is expected to almost double by 2050 to make Nigeria the third-largest country on Earth. The country’s population density of 232 persons/km2 is fivefold Africa’s average of 43 persons/km2 and the proportion of landed households has declined from 61.2 % in 2008 to 59.6 % in 2018. It is within this context that the Federal Government plans to establish cattle ranches to curb the incessant farmer-herder clashes that cause human and property losses. However, the success of this scheme and other land-use policies partly depends on understanding the extent and distribution of landownership in the country. This article explores the predictors of inequalities in agricultural land ownership among Nigerian households. The results from Chi-square analysis show that the households that own agricultural land are significantly more likely to be poor or middle class (76 %), rural dwellers (74 %), male-headed (86 %), living in northern regions (64 %), and not educated beyond primary school (63 %). Findings from the logistic regression analysis indicate that the significant predictors of agricultural land ownership include ownership of livestock with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.33, place of residence (OR = 2.28), gender (OR = 0.55), wealth index (OR = 0.56), number of bedrooms (OR = 1.44), and educational attainment (OR = 0.96). The paper underscores the implications of the findings on sustainable development, including gender equity, poverty alleviation, and the establishment of cattle ranches.

A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION URBAN DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK FOR LAND EXPROPRIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA: A STRATEGIC APPROACH

Abstract. The land question in South Africa has been a long-standing issue for more than 360 years. Consequent to unjust legislation such as The Natives Land Act No.27 of 1913 to this day, there is a racial imbalance in the distribution of land ownership in South Africa. Coupled with the socio-economic and spatial segregative mandates of the apartheid-government to enrich the white minority, such unjust legislation fostered mass-land dispossessions and displacements of black people relocating them to peripheral areas known as ‘Bantu stands’ where they were further ethnically grouped in remote from socio-economic opportunities. The preceding has resulted in the impoverishment of the black people as they no longer had land – their primary source of livelihood. The limited access to land by black people remains true in post-apartheid South Africa.Since the dawn of democracy, limited access to urban land has coursed challenges for housing development. Spatial transformation towards socio-economic integration has also become problematic as large areas of strategically located land remain locked in the hands of the minorities. Thus, to realise the mandates of South Africa’s democratic government – equal access to land and opportunities, this land needs to be acquired, particularly for the previously disadvantaged, poor, and landless.As cities move towards being smart, this research will demonstrate the use of Evidence Based Planning (EBP) in order to assist Local Government to foster scientific decision making methods. The use of the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a method to develop a Strategic Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) as a Planning Support System (PSS) that will be used to investigate the best suitable land for possible expropriation. Various criteria such as proximity to road connectivity, proximity to current and future economic activity, proximity to public transport routes, dolomitic land, priority areas and proximity to city centres are some of the criteria selected for the research. The Strategic Spatial Urban Development Decision Framework (SSUDDF) enabled us to stream line significant criteria and processes that where specific to strategic urban development in the Benoni town situated in the City of Ekurhuleni using critical spatial policy and strategic objectives of the city.

Configuración de los espacios rurales en el municipio de Purificación, Tolima, Colombia

Se toma como punto de partida la noción de configuración de los espacios rurales señalando que su configuración no responde a la comunión milenaria del hombre con el elemento esencial natural llamado tierra, como parte del intercambio orgánico, sino que, en el contexto de las lógicas de acumulación capitalista, obedece a los dictados de un crecimiento desmesurado y sin control de la ciudad que tiende a eliminar las relaciones sacras del hombre y la naturaleza. Metodológicamente se adoptó el testimonio histórico como estrategia de registro de información. Se presenta en primer lugar un referente conceptual del espacio rural. Luego se analiza la espacialidad territorial y rural en el municipio de Purificación, Tolima. Se encontró que las políticas de tierras, reforma rural y desarrollo que promueve el Estado colombiano son técnicas de gobierno de los pueblos latinoamericanos a través de las cuales históricamente los organismos multilaterales y los Estados controlan los territorios. Se concluye que es necesario pensar en escenarios rurales autogestionarios que den cuenta de la realización comunitaria de planes de vida con miras a un reparto de la propiedad de la tierra que nivele las desigualdades de la estructura social en Colombia.

Land ownership and distribution: Modeling the relationship to property law in the Norwegian case

Issues of land distribution and ownership matter in an industrialized and post-industrial world. In rural areas, land is still the livelihood of a large portion of the people and thus central to the viability of local communities. Land ownership is also central to national politics through issues of self-sufficiency, food sovereignty and recourse management. This study applies a historical approach combined with system dynamics modeling to the case of Norwegian odelsrett between 1814 and 2014. The odelsrett is a familial right of redemption regarding landed, agricultural property, which has roots going back more than a millennium in Norway. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of the odelsrett on the distribution of land ownership in Norway as a case. The results indicate that the odelsrett in Norway helped to increase wider distribution of land amongst the agricultural population only with the help of external historical events. We furthermore demonstrate how land ownership is an exclusive right, and how the legal system of which the odelsrett is part is designed to and operates to reproduce this right.

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

The THE CONCEPT OF THE LAND REFORM IN CUSTOMARY LAW OF THE JAVANESE COMMUNITY

Land Ownership Reform in Islam

This article shows that Islam has laid the foundations of agrarian law reform or land reform, from the oppressive and exploitative pre-Islamic system of land ownership towards the fair, equitable and humanist-religious-based distribution of land ownership. The purpose of agrarian reform cannot be separated from the objectives of the law in general, that is to create justice, expediency and law certainty which describe the legal values either juridical, sociological or philosophical. To explain the idea of agrarian reform in Islamic law, there are some discussions proving the existence of the notion of land ownership reform in terms of the process of land right ownership and patterns of land distribution by the State based on the historical data, especially early history of Islam. Shifting paradigm from the feudalist pre-Islamic ownership system to the communalist-religious Islamic ownership system under the single authority of the head of state on the basis of the principle of fairness rests on the spirit to realize the ideals of public benefit.

A system dynamics approach for sustainability assessment of biodiesel production in Colombia. Baseline simulation

The issue of sustainability assessment of biodiesel production has increasingly gained importance due to the interest of governments in drawing up sovereignty strategies, to diversify their energy matrix and to determine the impact of biofuels production. In this context, this work proposes a system dynamics model to assess biodiesel production in a specific context. A System Dynamics model was developed and applied to assess the sustainability of the conditions in the baseline scenario of biodiesel production in Colombia. Simulation of current biodiesel production showed that a strong support from government policies is required related to the promotion of an increase of the contents of biodiesel in the biodiesel-diesel blend, as well as of the production capacity. Certain dynamics were observed as a result of the modeling, the increase oil palm cultivation, can be related to a lesser rate of displacement of the population, of poverty and of emissions of pollutants affecting air quality (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter). Results also predicted that the increase in oil palm cultivation under baseline scenario could boost inequitable distribution of land ownership and increase greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in palm oil cultivation, and reduce food security.

Land Grabbing in Europe? Socio-Cultural Externalities of Large-Scale Land Acquisitions in East Germany

Recently, we witnessed an immense increase in international land transactions in the Global South, a phenomenon slowly expanding in northern industrialized countries, too. Even though in Europe agriculture plays a decreasing economic role for rural livelihoods, the increases in land transactions by non-local, non-agricultural investors pervades rural life. Nevertheless, the underlying processes are not yet well understood. Large-scale land acquisitions describe such purchases and leases in a neutral way, while ‘land grabbing’ expresses negative consequences for rural people. We investigate whether and under which conditions the term land grabbing is justified for the phenomenon observed in Europe. We propose six socio-cultural criteria that scholars should consider to come to an initial classification: legal irregularities, non-residence of new owners, centralization in decision-making structures, treating land as an investment object, concentration of decision-power, and limited access to land markets. We supplement our findings with empirical material from East Germany, where such land acquisition processes occur. Our paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about agricultural structural change in Europe, which is intensified by increasing land prices and a new distribution of landownership but likewise strongly intertwined with rural development.

Geography, land inequality and regional numeracy in Europe in historical perspective

We find a relationship between geographic factors and numeracy in more than 300 regions of Europe around the year 1900. We argue that the distribution of land ownership is a plausible mechanism, given that it is related to the geographic factors under study. Consistent with theoretical studies in the Unified Growth Theory framework, we find that inequality in land distribution has a negative correlation with human capital formation as landowners did not have incentives to promote educational institutions or were not willing to pay the necessary taxes. This study explains a substantial share of the differences in development gradients between rural European regions in a historical perspective.