Lamp Circuit Research Articles

Mn‐doping ensuring cobalt silicate hollow spheres with boosted electrochemical property for hybrid supercapacitors

AbstractRecently, transition metal silicates (TMSs) have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs), especially cobalt silicate (Co2SiO4, CoSi) related materials. However, due to the poor conductivity and narrow potential range of CoSi, its electrochemical properties are not fully developed and far from desirable. Herein, to enhance the electrochemical properties of CoSi, hollow spheres of Mn‐doped CoSi (CoMnSi) were fabricated through a hydrothermal method. The dopant Mn facilitates the formation of CoMnSi hollow spheres assembled by nanosheets and these nanosheets connect with each other to form the core‐shell hollow architecture. The effect of the Mn/Co ratio on the electrochemical properties of CoSi has been investigated. CoMnSi‐2 (Mn/Co = 1/9) displays the specific capacitance of 495 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, surpassing to that of CoSi (279 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and manganese silicate (denoted as MnSi, 38 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). The CoMnSi‐2//active carbon hybrid supercapacitor (CoMnSi‐2//AC HSC) achieves the specific capacitance with 181 mF cm−2 (151 F g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 and energy density with 0.644 Wh m−2 at 2 W m−2. The device displays a practical application by powering the LED lamp circuit bulb working for more than 25 min repeatedly. The performance achieved by CoMnSi is superior to some state‐of‐the‐art electrode materials of TMSs. Density functional theory calculations have provided evidence that Mn‐doping enhances the electronic conductivity and reduces the electron transport barrier of CoSi, boosting its electrochemical properties. This work supplies a strategy for tailoring structures of TMSs to enhance their electrochemical performance.

Impact of Solar Radiation on Luminaires and Energy Efficiency in Isolated Residential Photovoltaic Systems

This research centers on the implementation of photovoltaic systems in residential applications, coupled with battery-based energy storage, and evaluates their efficiency in generating energy, specifically for lighting in buildings. The methodology hinges on detecting interharmonic signals to characterize potentially disruptive frequencies and identify the origins of various failures. Multiple case studies are presented to validate the method’s efficacy, including one involving fluorescent lamp circuits and another examining variations in solar radiation during the summer season. Real-world experiments are conducted in a residential setting, and the results are thoroughly analyzed. Various types of interharmonic generation behaviors are demonstrated, which are influenced by fluctuations in solar radiation and the appropriate installation of solar panels. The findings reveal that the absence of solar radiation below 300 W/m2 in a photovoltaic system relying on energy storage adversely affects interharmonics in luminaires installed within a residential space.

Improved design of LED lamp circuit to enhance distribution transformer capability based on a comparative study of various standards

Nowadays, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps replaced the conventional types because of its higher brightness and lower energy consumption. The lamps represent about 20% of the total load all over the world. The sever distortion produced by LED lamps to network voltage and current waveforms became high challenge to researchers and manufacturers to reduce its effects on the electric equipment. In this paper, the severe side effects of using commercial LED lamps on transformers are investigated, analyzed and its circuit is modified to improve the exploitation of transformer capabilities. A new converter circuit for the LED lamps has been designed to minimize harmonics and improve the voltage quality, power factor (PF) and transformer capability utilization. Also, it guarantees a proper operation even the LED input voltage decreased to 40% of its rated value. To assure the effectiveness of the proposed circuit, a prototype is created and tested considering two scenarios: commercial and proposed LED lamp circuits. Comprehensive comparisons between the effects of the two scenarios on the distribution transformers are conducted. The proposed study is applied to Mansoura University campus microgrid electric network in Egypt. The microgrid is simulated via MATLAB Simulink and applied to the two scenarios. The total harmonic distortion (THD), PF, voltage notching, harmonic loss factor, K-factor, factor-K, and the related derating capacities of the network transformers are calculated and compared using the American and European standards for the prototype and simulator. The results ensure that the proposed circuit could effectively minimize the THD and improve the PF, voltage quality, and the utilization of transformer capacities.

Utilization of Electronic Waste for Energy-saving Lamp Circuits

Indonesia is one of the largest electronic consumer countries in the world. The negative impact unless the increase in the use of electrical energy, there is also an increase in electronic waste or e-waste. If electronic waste (e-waste) is not managed properly, it will cause its own problems, especially environmental health problems. One alternative to overcome these problems is the use of e-waste as a raw material for a series of Waste-Based Energy Saving Lamps, abbreviated as SLHE BBL. This study aims to develop SLHE BBL prototypes base on electric and electronics waste, and test the performance of SLHE BBL prototypes. The SLHE BBL method developed by research and development adapted from Borg & Gall with the following stages: First, needs analysis and product planning; Second: Initial product development, validation and initial product revision. Third: Product development, testing, product revision. Fourth: Finalization dan Dissemination. The research instrument consisted of an observation sheet, luxmeter, voltmeter, ammeter, multimeter, watt meter. The collected data was then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results of the research are as follows: 1) waste that can be recycled into raw materials for SLHE BBL include: resistors, capacitors, LED lights on computer mice or electronic component indicators, used goods casings, adapters, diodes, cables, TV’s control remote; 2) Electrical and mechanical design of SLHE BBL can be assembled into prototype of SLHE BBL; 3) The performance of the SLHE BBL prototype is that the lamp can be adjusted in colour and light intensity; the measured electrical parameters are within the range in accordance with the provisions of electrical standards such as Perasyaratan Umum Instalasi Lstrik (PUIL), International Electrical Commisionin (IEC), or National Electrical Code (NEC)

Water purification system based on self-powered ozone production

Ozone treatment is an excellent sterilization technology, but high voltage is essential for ozone generation. Here, for the first time, we report a multifunctional water purification system based on self-powered ozone generation. The TENG with “like charges repel” strategy (LCR-TENG), which can obtain a maximum short-circuit current of 22.15 uA, a peak power of 80 mW, and a maximum transient voltage over 30.7 kV, is designed as the power source of the system. Then, an air-breakdown-discharge is generated by this TENG to support the ozone generation, while the maximum concentration of generated ozone can be up to 30 mg/m3 and it is enough for the application of water treatment. With continuous injection of ozone into solutions, Rhodamine B with 5 ppm concentration can be degraded by 97.6% in 20 min. The ozone generated by the system are effective for bio-sterilization in water, indicating the promising application for the treatment of organic matter and microorganisms in water. A variety of external loads, such as ultraviolet lamp and step-down circuit can be simultaneously integrated in the current loop and the function of the system can be further expanded without disturbing the ozone generation. Hence, this work broadens the high voltage applications of TENG for the multifunctional purification system.

The misconceptions about the calculation of light bulb resistance in specialized school

The paper deals with the study of the resistance of incandescent light bulbs. It has been established that the temperature dependence of resistance for these types of lamps always manifests itself in school experiments. Therefore, students in specialized school should be taught a systematic comparison of resistance in resistors and lamps in circuits in term of didactic principles and be given a detailed explanation of the different factors that occurred in lamp circuits and were mistakenly understood as equipment errors.

Automatization of fog lamp based on LED sensor and photo dioda

Accidents due to misuse of fog lamps are traffic violations. To help minimize the misuse of fog lamps, the automatic fog lamp design is indispensable for car drivers to be applied directly to vehicles that still use manual fog lamps. This study aims to produce the design / prototype automatic fog lights with control LED and photo diode sensors that can work effectively, efficiently and economically and is able to function when the fog began to emerge through the simulation of CO2 solid (dry ice). This research method uses experiments with implementation stages including (1) designing an automatic fog lamp circuit, (2) simulating the validity of the design, (3) refining the design until the final design is obtained, (4) product manufacturing, (5) product testing, (6) automatic fog lamp prototype. Design media using PCB (Printed Circuit Board). While the main components needed are batteries, switches, resistors, LEDs, photo diodes, transistors, relays, fog lamps, and cables. From the test results, the automatic fog lamp circuit design with the substitution of the light sensor is able to turn the fog lamp on and off automatically. The efficient distance for placing the LED and photo diode is 4.5 cm. Thus, the LED-based automatic fog lamp and photo diode can be used as an alternative to support the safety factor for vehicle users.

From Waste to Energy: Recycling Batik Waste to Electricity

The World’s electricity consumption continues to increase as the shift from conventional products to electronic products weight the electricity burden in every state. Besides that, power outagesinhibitsocial and industrial activities as the last one occurred in Jabodetabek, August 2019. In this research it is pointed out that the composite of batik waste, charcoals, bilimbi, and tamarinds wrapped in aluminium foil is able to generate 0.5-volt electrical voltage per unit. Experiment method is used in this research by involving 13 samples with different compositions to yield a stable electrical voltage. The most stable one is derived from the composition of charcoal, bilimbi, and tamarind with the addition of batik waste water, which generated 0.5volt electrical voltage per unit. In order to verify the generated voltage, an electrical circuit with 7-unit structure was made and examined to a 3-volt flip-flop lamp circuit. To further develop this prototype in a bigger scale, therefore, the supports from various parties are needed for the sake of a continuous research, so that it can give rise to society’s interest to develop environmentally-friendly products and to provide solutions for batik waste water problem that takes place in Sentra Industry Batik, Laweyan, Surakarta that tends to be disposed vainly.

Development and Performance Analysis of a Cost-Effective Integrated Light Controller

An integrated sensor based daylight responsive light controller has been designed and developed. The developed cost-effective light controller performs on logical decision derived from output of integrated sensor circuit comprising of daylight sensor and occupancy sensor. The performance analysis has also been carried out to understand the actual operating condition of the system using different sensors to control lamp circuits in small indoor lighting applications. The sensitivity levels of the photo sensor (i.e. a Light Dependent Resistor or LDR) and the occupancy sensor (i.e. a Passive Infrared Sensor or PIR) circuits can be adjusted through in-built tuning facility in developed circuit after experimental measurement of the response characteristics of the both sensors. By monitoring the indoor lighting system with the developed controller, it is possible to reduce the usage of electrical energy during the absence of occupant in any room. It is also possible to vary lamp output according to the seasonal variation in daylight level by selecting different reference voltage level and to use minimum electrical energy by utilizing the available daylight. It is a low cost solution due to the advantage of components and the sensors in the market at low cost.

An analysis of intelligent LED emergency lamp with voltage and resistance activated sensor

LED as illumination lamps has become popular because of its efficiency to save energy, especially electricity. This lamp can be operated as normal lamp connected to AC power line but if the failure of power line electricity occurs, the lamp is still on for hours depends on battery capacity. This lamp circuits have voltage and resistance sensor in the end of circuit connected to threaded (screw) electrode of the lamp. This paper analyzes the principle and performance of the circuit, especially to voltage and resistance threshold activation, and the other factor that can cause success or failure operation. The analysis concludes that the voltage from power line installation can activate the lamp to bright up and to charge its battery at once. When the supply of power source is failure, it triggers the circuit to keep the lamp on with battery operated, by term and condition applied that the connection to line power installation established. It is caused of resistance sensor that detected no resistance value in loop circuit connection. This lamp will be able to operate correctly in single line load circuit, and only one lamp as line load, no other resistive or inductive load.

SISTEM PENERANGAN SELASAR RUMAH SAKIT BERBANTUAN PENGINDRAAN INFRA MERAH BERBASIS ECOGREEN

This intelligent system is made as the application of teaching materials in lighting system for Hospital hallway. Hospital as a public health facilities is commonly visited by people thus it must have a lighting system to make people feel save and comfort. The purpose of this research is to test the intelligent system modeling module by integrating series of parallelseries lamps and infrared sensors as a single moving object detector. The research employ series of activity from literature review process of various sources, designing the integrastion system, programing, component test, and testing the whole function of program and tool. The progran was conducted by arranging three groups of lights with different lit order, referring to four Infra Red sensors. Each light poweredfixed power valueusingnamely 25 Watt in parallel circuit and the power used changed into 10 Watt when in the series. The bounce state is found when the lamp circuit is connected to a voltage source. The results of this study indicate that the regulation of ligth power value by intelligent system, which is illuminated in parallel circuit is 25 Watt, can be decreased to 10 Watt in series circuit. Decrease of light power by 60% either per ligth or in group of ligth can be controlled by intelligent system without reducing the comfort of lighting the hallway.

UV 젤 네일을 위한 LED 램프 회로 설계

UV 젤 네일을 위한 LED 램프 회로 설계

Off-grid electrification with solar home systems: An appraisal of the quality of components

Solar home systems (SHS) are seen as an attractive option for off-grid electrification in rural areas in developing countries. The combined effect of declining photovoltaic module costs and success in micro-finance has resulted in increased SHS installations in emerging economies in Asia such as Bangladesh. Majority of the SHS components are now manufactured locally with the exception of PV cells. Considering the role of component quality in SHS performance, technical quality of four key SHS components: solar panel, battery, charge controller and lamp circuit (inverter) from market-leading manufacturers were evaluated in this study in laboratory settings, against national and international standards. All of the tested components met some evaluation criteria in their respective categories but none met all. Key performance failures were found to be related to inverter efficiency, reverse polarity protection in charge controllers and battery capacity, which are critical for optimum performance of the system. Findings in this study point towards an ineffective regulatory mechanism for quality assurance and the protection of consumer rights, which needs to be rectified for maintaining public confidence and sustaining the growth of SHS based off-grid electrification.

Use of logarithmic sensitivity in power system analysis: the example of lighting circuits (hot filament, LED and fluorescent lamp circuits)

Logarithmic sensitivity characteristics were widely employed by Ch. P. Steinmetz in his classical studies of magnetic systems. In the present case, the authors deal with power sensitivity, K(U) = (dP/P)/(dU/U), where U is the amplitude (scaling factor) of the applied voltage and P is the averaged power. That such characterisation can be suitable for non-linear power systems is demonstrated for lighting systems: incandescent lamp circuits (i.e. the hot filament), LEDs and fluorescent lamp (FL) circuits. For FL circuits, the problem of minimisation of K(U) is shown to be practically and methodologically very important. On the pedagogical regard, the opinion is expressed that the described use of K(U) should be taught in basic courses of circuit theory and power systems.

Model of Metal Halide Lamps and Harmonic Analysis Based on PSCAD/EMTDC

Metal halide lamp (MH) is widely used in stadium lighting because of its significant advantages. But this high-intensity gas discharge lamp circuit contains the arcand such negative resistance characteristics lead to harmonic current. In addition, electronic ballasts of MH with rectifier circuit and inverter also produced a large number of electrical harmonics, becoming the main harmonic sources. In this paper, piecewise linearization method is used to establish the electrical model of 2500W metal halide lamp and a three-level model of electronic ballasts with the PSCAD/EMTDC. This paper analyzed the grid side harmonic current when the model is running. Comparing the simulation results to the measured data of Shenzhen Universiade venues lighting circuit, we can verify the accuracy of the model.

Simulation Research on Fluorescent Lamp Power Factor Based on Multisim

The fluorescent lamp circuit experiment and the power factor improving experiment are both two traditional experimental projects in electrotechnics. It is very important for students to understand basic theory and develop experimental operation ability. Based on studying the basic structure of fluorescent lamp circuit and its working principle, a fluorescent lamp circuit schematics was built by using Multisim interactively. The simulation experiments were done based on the circuit. It could effectively save the time and cost of development. The parallel-capacitor circuit was designed to improve the power factor, and the experiments were done to compare power factor and phase between with and without the parallel capacitor. The study could help students learn and understand well this part, which has good promotional value.

Harmonics Analysis and Countermeasures for Power Factor Compensation Experiment

This paper mainly focuses on harmonics suppression in power network. Led to by the problem of the fluorescent lamp circuit power factor, the harmonics are recorded by the analysis instrument SR760 about their influence on the circuit current. The method of filtering the harmonics with second-order filter circuit was put forward and then the waveform was simulated after filtration with the simulating software called Pspice, and thereby checks the filtering effects.

가로등 회로 손상 선별 장치 개발

본 연구는 현재 사용되고 있는 가로등 회로의 손상을 선택적으로 점검하기 위한 다이오드를 개발하였다. 개발된 가로등 진단기는 LED 표시 체계의 점등 유무를 파악하여 선택적으로 점검할 수 있으며, 가로등이 점등되지 않을 경우 어느 부분에 고장이 발생했는지 LED 소등의 관계로 표시 할 수 있다. 회로는 PCB 기판을 제작하여 가로등 개별단의 고장점 위치를 확인할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하였다. The research which sees currently inspects the damage of the street lamp circuit which is used selectively the diode for developed. Street lamp diagnosis is developed will grasp the lighting presence of LED indication systems and will be able to inspect selectively. The case where the street lamp will not light, will be able to indicate with the relationship of LED putting out lights where the breakdown should have occurred in which part. Circuit produced PCB borads and the system will be able to confirm the breakdown point location of street lamp individual grade developed.

냉음극 형광램프의 표준화 계측을 위한 실험과 분석

교류 <TEX>$50{\sim}100\;kHz$</TEX>의 고주파와 수 kV의 고전압으로 구동되는 냉음극 형광램프의 전류 및 전압을 계측하는 방법을 조사하였다. 고 전압 측에 설치되는 프로브 자체의 임피던스 영향으로 램프의 휘도가 변화하고 누설 전류가 발생하여 정확한 전류 및 전압의 계측이 어렵다. 따라서 프로브의 임피던스와 누설 전류를 고려한 회로 분석을 통하여 올바른 계측 방법을 제시하였다. 프로브 설치로 휘도 변화 시, 인버터에 입력되는 DC 전압을 조정하여 램프의 특정 휘도를 유지하여 계측한다. 램프 전류(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>)는 접지 측에서 전류 프로브나 고주파 전류계로 계측하며, 전압은 고 전압 측에 설치한 전압 프로브로 계측한다. 램프 전압(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>)은 고전압이 인가되는 냉음극과 안전 캐패시터 사이에서 계측하며, 인버터의 출력 전압(VI)은 안전 캐패시터와 인버터 출력단 사이에서 계측한다. 램프 전압(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>)과 램프 전류(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>)의 위상차가 없기 때문에, 램프 자체의 순수 소모 전력은 램프 전압(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>)와 램프 전류(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>)의 곱이다. 인버터의 출력 전압(<TEX>$V_I$</TEX>)과 램프 전류(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>)의 위상차(<TEX>$\theta$</TEX>)는 전압 프로브의 용량성 임피던스로 인하여 계측값이 부정확하며, 회로의 분석에서 얻어진 <TEX>$cos{\theta}=V_C/V_I$</TEX>로부터 위상차를 얻을 수 있다. A method of measuring the current and voltage is suggested in the circuit of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) which are driven at a high frequency of <TEX>$50{\sim}100\;kHz$</TEX> and a high voltage of several kV. It is difficult to measure the current and voltage in the lamp circuit, because the impedance of the probe at high voltage side causes the leakage current and the variation of luminance. According to the analysis of equivalence circuit with the probe impedance and leakage current, the proper measuring method is to adjust the input DC voltage and to keep the specific luminance when the probe is installed at a high voltage circuit. The lamp current is detected with a current probe or a high frequency current meter at the ground side and the voltage is measured with a high voltage probe at the high voltage side of lamp. The lamp voltage(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>) is measured between the ballast capacitor and the lamp electrode, and the output voltage(<TEX>$V_I$</TEX>) of inverter is measured between inverter output and ballast capacitor. As the phases of lamp voltage(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>) and current (<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>) are nearly the same values, the real power of lamp is the product of the lamp voltage(<TEX>$V_C$</TEX>) by the lamp current(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>). The measured value of the phase difference between inverter output voltage(<TEX>$V_I$</TEX>) and lamp current(<TEX>$I_G$</TEX>) is appreciably deviated from the calculated value at <TEX>$cos{\theta}=V_C/V_I$</TEX>.

Some comments on ‘Fluorescent lamp modeling for voltage fluctuations’ by C. Carrillo and J. Cidras

AbstractSeveral comments on the interesting and timely work [1] are made, explaining some mistakes, adding some references, making some constructive suggestion, and arguing the importance of the field of fluorescent lamp circuits for academic studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.