Laminar Erosion Research Articles

Estimativa da perda de solo por erosão laminar usando ferramentas computacionais na agricultura de precisão

ABSTRACT The study aimed to identify and evaluate the spatial variability in laminar erosion in areas using precision agriculture tools. Soil data from three properties in the western region of Paraná state, Brazil, were used: one in the municipality of Céu Azul (area A) and two in Serranópolis do Iguaçu (areas B and C). To identify discrepant data (outliers), analysis of the dispersion of quartiles was performed using a box-plot graph. Data normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A spatial analysis was performed using AgDataBox-Map software. The parameters of the universal soil loss equation were estimated and used with map algebra to produce a model to identify areas susceptible to erosion. Area A (soil loss estimate = 0-200 t ha-1 per year) presented greater susceptibility to erosion than areas B and C (soil loss estimate = 0-150 t ha-1 per year); however, all areas had a low susceptibility to erosion.

Suscetibilidade à Erosão Laminar e Linear da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho e a sua Relação com o Uso e Cobertura da Terra em 2012

A perda de solos por erosão leva à redução da produtividade agrícola, e quando em um estágio avançado, impulsiona a degradação dos solos, tornando-os inaptos para o cultivo agrícola. Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar a suscetibilidade da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho (BHRV) a erosão laminar e a suscetibilidade a erosão linear da sub-bacia do Córrego Grande, localizada no compartimento de maior suscetibilidade da BHRV, com o intuito de identificar áreas mais propícias a ocorrência de focos erosivos. A alta bacia, que engloba os municípios de Goiás, Buriti de Goiás, Fazenda Nova, Novo Brasil e Mossamedes, foi o compartimento que apresentou a maior suscetibilidade a erosão laminar, devido à presença de solos de alta erodibilidade sobre um relevo de alta declividade, favorecendo o escoamento superficial em detrimento da infiltração de água no solo. Neste compartimento, as áreas de pastagem localizadas na Serra de Santa Rita em Faina e na Serra Dourada em Goiás tiveram alguns terrenos cujo uso do solo foi incompatível com a suscetibilidade à erosão laminar, apresentando alto potencial para a ocorrência de focos erosivos de origem laminar. Já a menor suscetibilidade à erosão laminar ocorreu na baixa bacia, em particular nos municípios de Britânia e Aruanã, por ser esta uma área de relevo plano de baixas altitudes sobre depósitos sedimentares recentes. Comparando a suscetibilidade a erosão laminar com a linear para a sub-bacia do Córrego Grande, diferentemente da primeira, a suscetibilidade a erosão linear é maior em declividades intermediárias (7-17%), as quais favorecem uma maior concentração do escoamento superficial.Palavras-chave: Erosão, Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho, Declividade, Comprimento de Rampa, Sub-bacia do Córrego Grande. Susceptibility of the Red River Basin to Laminar and Linear Erosions and its Relationship to Land Use and Land Cover in 2012 A B S T R A C TLoss of soil by erosion leads to reduced agricultural productivity, and when at an advanced stage, it drives soil degradation, rendering it unfit for agricultural cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of the Rio Vermelho Hydrographic Basin (BHRV) to laminar erosion and the susceptibility to linear erosion of the Córrego Grande sub-basin, located in the most susceptible compartment of the BHRV, in order to identify favorable areas to erosion. The high basin, which encompasses the municipalities of Goiás, Buriti de Goiás, Fazenda Nova, Novo Brasil and Mossamedes, was the compartment that presented the greatest susceptibility to laminar erosion, due to the presence of soils of high erodibility on a relief of high slope, favoring the superficial flow in detriment to the infiltration of water in the soil. In this compartment, pasture areas located in Serra de Santa Rita in Faina, and Serra Dourada in Goiás, had some terrain whose soil use was incompatible with the susceptibility to laminar erosion, presenting high potential for the occurrence of erosive foci of laminar origin. The lowest susceptibility to laminar erosion occurred in the low basin, particularly in the municipalities of Britania and Aruanã, because it is a flat relief area of low altitudes on recent sedimentary deposits. Comparing susceptibility to laminar erosion with linear erosion for the Córrego Grande sub-basin, differently from the former, susceptibility to linear erosion is higher in intermediate slopes (7-17%), which favors a higher concentration of surface runoff.Keywords: Erosion, Rio Vermelho Watershed, Slope, Ramp Length, Córrego Grande Sub-basin.

Quantitative - Spatial Analysis of Soil Loss by Laminar Erosion and Comparison with NDVI Method of the Municipalities of Mandaguaçu and Presidente Castelo Branco / PR

Environmental monitoring is essential for society to maintain balance with the environment, given this fact, several methods from the science of geoprocessing and remote sensing were created to assist in the task. The present work used the Universal Soil Loss Equation to verify the spatiality of laminar erosions in the municipalities of Mandaguaçu and Presidente Castelo Branco, both in Paraná, in addition to comparing their results with data from the Digital Vegetation Index (NDVI) to obtain relationships between the loss of soils and the development or lack of vegetation. The results identified several foci of laminar erosion in the study area, as a possible cause, soils from the highly erodible Caiuá Sandstone can be considered, as well as topographic factors of the EUPS LS factor. It should be noted that the use of digital tools, satellite images and map algebra is not essential for environmental monitoring studies.

Twelve years of soil preservation and rehabilitation on the Rio do Peixe watershed: promoting conservation agriculture

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the works undertaken on the Rio do Peixe watershed by the Coordination of Agricultural Defense (CDA) over 12 years, where conservationist agriculture practices have been used since 2007 to promote the recovery of degraded areas, the reduction of erosion and the improvement of water quality. In addition, we evaluated the performance of innovative diagnostic strategies used to identify erosion spots in the river basin. The effective supervision of large farmland areas is a common problem that requires the development of cost‐effective tools while keeping a close interaction with stakeholders. From 2007 to 2017, 176 properties (23,103 ha) were inspected and notified to fulfill the soil conservation laws, using the Conventional CDA methodology (i.e., field assessment by an agronomist). In the Marília sector, the Innovative CDA Methodology (with remote sensing) was used, enabling the audit of 52 properties covering 27,775 ha in 2 years. Each landowner was requested to submit technical projects using conservationist practices to be implemented under CDA guidelines. Methods included vegetation cover and crop rotation (control of laminar erosion) and implementation of agricultural terraces, bypass channels, and containment basins (management of gullies erosion). The activities carried out promoted a shift from conventional agriculture, which was impacting soil fertility and water quality, towards conservation agriculture. Degraded pastures were converted into annual cropping areas using No‐Tillage (zero tillage) farming techniques. Other pastures were recovered, through Integrated Crop‐Livestock Systems, increasing its stocking rate. The undertaken activities were labor‐intensive but beneficial for farmers and for the quality of waterbodies.

Assessment of magnetite as a sediment tracer in the study of ephemeral gully erosion: Application and distribution in the soil

AbstractThere are few works where magnetic tracers are used for the assessment of water erosion, focusing on the traceability of sediments over the soil surface and in small areas (i.e., for laminar erosion survey). The main limitation of magnetic tracers is associated with its preparation and application, as the tracer is typically mixed with a large amount of soil and then spread manually over experimental sites susceptible to erosion. In gully erosion studies, the experimental sites (field areas where a gully is expected to develop) can be quite large. Consequently, the high volume/weight of the material (soil + tracer) to be prepared, transported, and applied renders this technique unfeasible. Moreover, eroded channels can reach a depth of several centimeters, requiring the tracer to be (re)located in the soil profile ideally at this same depth. This work presents a novel technique for the application and distribution of magnetite in the soil profile to track sediments in gully erosion assessments. Experiments were carried out in microplots, where a mixture of magnetite and water was applied over the soil surface using a backpack sprayer. Redistribution of the tracer in the soil profile was carried out with different conventional tillage implements. The control plots were subjected to the same experiments, but using a soil–tracer mixture (conventional technique). The application technique proposed herein enables a correct application of magnetite over large areas, being a promising alternative to the conventional technique. Hoeing tillage implements, such as the rotavator, ensure an approximately homogeneous redistribution of tracer in the soil profile when good soil moisture content is present.

Geotechnologies applied in the analysis of land use and land cover (LULC) transition in a hydrographic basin in the Brazilian Cerrado

Since the industrial revolution and the production model that has since been used, there has been an intensification in the scarcity of natural resources in terms of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Therefore, studies aiming to understand human actions on these resources are essential for the maintenance and conservation of these assets for current and future generations. The objective here is to identify and analyze land use and land cover changes in the hydrographic basin of Verdinho River (Brazilian Cerrado) and its geographical context between 1986 and 2016 using geotechnological resources. We analyzed a significant replacement of pasture for agricultural areas, decreases in Cerrado vegetation, expansion of industrial areas, rural construction and water availability, and significant increases in areas with laminar erosion. The increase in exposed soil areas from 7.81 ha in 1986 to 262.35 ha in 2016 (3259.15%) was due to a history of inadequate soil use and management. Anthropic actions have suppressed the natural vegetation and given rise to agricultural activities, which often provide the agroecosystem with favorable conditions for intensifying erosion processes. This study subsidizes the implementation of effective and efficient actions in this hydrographic basin considering the economic and social development aligned with environmental conservation and serves as a basis for other studies conducted at the site and in other regions.

SUSCEPTIBILITY TO LAMINAR EROSION BETWEEN THE DRY AGRESTE AND THE MATA ÚMIDA ZONE: A CASE STUDY OF THE CANHOTO RIVER BASIN (PE/AL).

Laminar erosion is one of the main processes of soil degradation, mainly because it is hardly noticeable. When dealing with erosion, it is important to emphasize that it is a natural environmental process, but it can be accelerated through human actions. In this sense, the aim of this work is to evaluate the natural susceptibility of soils to laminar erosion in hydrographic basins between the Agreste and Zona da Mata, through the case study of the Canhoto river basin (PE/AL). The methodology adopted used data on soil erodibility and slope to identify areas susceptible to laminar erosion, on a scale of 1:100,000. The results showed that more than 75% of the basin area was distributed between classes I and II, which are in the semi-arid area, presenting weaknesses from the point of view of the generation of erosive processes. There are high percentages of soils with high rates of erodibility and a great variability in the percentage of slope, resulting in areas susceptible to erosion, thus becoming an important object of study, given the need for research on this topic in the region.

VEGETATION PYRAMIDS APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS OF DENSE FOREST UNITS IN THE PANTANAL OF ABOBRAL

The Pantanal of Abobral consists of units of heterogeneous landscapes, in which some dense vegetation, popularly known as cordilheiras and capões , stand out and survive amidst the floodplain. Such formations are of great importance for local biodiversity, but are continually exploited by livestock without adequate management. The aim of this study is to graphically demonstrate the process by which a cordilheira has been going through and discuss the possible causes of environment degradation related to the composition of each vegetal stratum. Biogeographic data sheets were filled with information from the herbaceous, shrubby and arboreal strata, collected in three plots, two at the edges and one at the center of the cordilheira . Strata information were graphically compiled in three vegetation pyramids, visually demonstrating the dynamics of the strata, providing a comparative analysis of the plots from aspects related to dynamics and sociability. Nineteen species, of various strata, were recorded in the central plot, compared to 13 and 15 species in the edges. The most frequent species in all plots was Attalea phalerata . The species composition of the cordilheira , indicated the occurrence of adaptive processes in response to biotic, abiotic and anthropic factors such as laminar erosion, burnings and presence of cattle. An analysis of the vegetation pyramids corroborated the field observations, due to the progression of the arboreal stratum and low representativeness of the other strata.

Microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded and unshaded agroforestry coffee systems

The agroforestry systems are a potential pathway to improve soil quality and protect against extreme temperatures that negatively impact coffee growth. However, more studies about the effects of inclusion of tree elements in coffee systems soil and water loss dynamics are needed. This study aimed to understand how the inclusion of trees influences the microclimate and soil and water loss in shaded compared with unshaded coffee systems. Two pluviometers, one in shaded and the other in unshaded area, were installed to record hourly data from August 2009 to June 2010. Soil temperature and moisture were monitored by a system of sensors: air temperature, soil temperature at 10 cm depth, and soil moisture at 10, 30 and 100 cm depths, recording data at hourly intervals from August 2009 to June 2010. The surface water runoff and soil mass lost by laminar erosion were measured using collectors. Air temperature under shaded conditions had less variation than under unshaded conditions and lower maximum temperatures. Soil and water loss of both systems were small due to the high soil cover. Our results indicate that the water loss was higher in the unshaded area (338 L ha−1) during the study period compared with the shaded system (150 L ha−1). Soil temperature was lower under shaded conditions and there was water absorption complementarity between coffee and trees in shaded area. Soil moisture of shaded area was lower than unshaded area for all depths in all monitored period. Therefore, the shaded agroforestry coffee systems improve microclimate conditions and deep water drainage compared with unshaded coffee systems.

Perda de solo na bacia do rio São Lamberto com uso de séries temporais de imagens Landsat

O rio São Lamberto é um importante afluente do rio Jequitaí na bacia do Rio São Francisco e é fonte de água para projetos de irrigação e, principalmente, pecuária na região, e são poucos os estudos de análise de superfície de sua bacia submetido ao uso e ocupação do solo ao longo dos anos. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar a perda de solo no contexto da degradação ambiental na Bacia do rio São Lamberto, MG, por meio do uso de dados orbitais e séries temporais de imagens LANDSAT associadas à aplicação da Universal Soil Loss Equation - USLE. Foram elaborados um vetor de delimitação da bacia através do software ArcGIS 10.1 com aquisição de imagens LANDSAT 5-TM e LANDSAT 8-OLI, e classificação supervisionada destas. Foram obtidos os fatores da USLE para elaboração do mapa de susceptibilidade à perda de solo (fator A) nos anos 1995, 2005 e 2014. A partir da utilização do módulo LEGAL do SPRING 5.2 gerou-se os mapas de susceptibilidade a perda de solos, para os três anos estudados. As classes utilizadas foram: vegetação densa (cerradão), cerrado, pastagem, pasto sujo, área agrícola, área urbana e solo exposto.Verificou-se que a classe vegetação densa se mostrou predominante ao longo dos anos de 1995, 2005 e 2014, com 47,55%, 41,13% e 38,84%, respectivamente, da área total da bacia. Conclui-se a que a Bacia do rio São Lamberto, demostrou boa conservação ambiental, com 91,2% de suas áreas apresentando baixa susceptibilidade à ocorrência de erosão laminar (0 a 10 t.ha-1.ano-1).

Caracterização de solos no núcleo de desertificação de Gilbués, Piauí, Brasil, e sua relação com os processos de degradação

No Brasil foram definidos quatro núcleos de desertificação: Gilbués (PI), Irauçuba (CE), Seridó (PB) e Cabrobó (PE). No núcleo de desertificação de Gilbués, localizado no sudoeste do estado do Piauí da região Nordeste do Brasil, os solos são degradados por erosão hídrica, processo que se inicia com erosão laminar e evolui até formar voçorocas. O clima da região é considerado tropical úmido, mas tem vários meses de déficit hídrico e ocorrência de chuvas torrenciais. A geologia é representada pelo Grupo Areado, correspondendo a pelitos e arenitos. O objetivo perseguido neste trabalho foi o de caracterizar e classificar os solos de áreas degradadas no núcleo de desertificação de Gilbués. Foi selecionada uma topossequência com seis perfis de solos representativos das principais paisagens no entorno das áreas degradadas no município de Gilbués. Foram realizadas análises morfológicas, físicas, químicas e mineralógicas. Os solos foram classificados e calculado o fator K de erodibilidade. A degradação dos solos está diretamente relacionada ao material de origem, em que solos originários de pelitos se mostraram mais erodíveis e em maior grau de degradação. Os diversos atributos indicaram relação com a degradação dos solos, em que a relação silte/argila, a atividade da argila, os teores de bases, a mineralogia esmectítica e a matéria orgânica indicam os solos mais frágeis.

Valuation methodology of laminar erosion potential using fuzzy inference systems in a Brazilian savanna.

This study presents an approach on the evaluation of potential laminar erosion in the Ribeirão Sucuri Grande watershed. It is located in the northeast of the state of Goiás, Brazil, a conservation area under strong anthropogenic pressure. A Mamdani fuzzy inference system was designed using linguistic variables, pertinence functions, and a set of rules associated to a traditional laminar erosion prediction model through the environmental conditioners slope, erodibility, and degree of soil protection. The laminar erosion prediction model associated with fuzzy logic is a qualitative evaluation of erosive potential capable of being spatialized with a greater level of detail, increasing the traditional classification by two levels. The processing of environmental and soil conditioning factors using the fuzzy logic resulted in values between 2.5 and 9.1, which places the basin at a low to very high laminar erosion potential. The results indicate areas that demand a greater attention regarding soil management; 56.89% of the area has a medium to high laminar erosion and high to very high erosion (6.99%).

GEOENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ATLANTIC FOREST SLOPE IN SÃO SEBASTIÃO (SP)

The urban expansion and the growth of economic activities related to tourism, as well as those related to the port and sea, resulted in the occupation of the Serra do Mar slopes, in the municipality of São Sebastião - SP. This study was carried out in a clearing in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment of 4.8 hectares, located in the municipality of São Sebastião-SP, to provide subsidies to prevent and/or reduce the risks of land slippage on the slope. Thus, this work analyzed, characterized, and described the physiography and the properties of the soils on a slope of an Atlantic rainforest in the municipality of São Sebastião – SP, aiming to obtain a product on the risk of urban occupation. That is why, we used indicators associated with landscape physiography as a feature of slope (slope declivity), anthropic features (deforestation for crop cultivation and cattle raising) and soils (texture and pedogeochemistry). The results recommend structural actions, allowing the implementation of preventive measures such as revegetation of the area, thus minimizing the risks of land slippage and evolution of laminar erosion. Despite the dystrophic soil, the K, Ca and Mg levels only allow the vegetation implementation to be performed using NPK fertilization, reducing costs. Actions such as these are important as a way to prevent economic losses and accidents, since the area presents a Very High classification for mass movement processes.

Modeling of water erosion by the erosion potential method in a pilot subbasin in southern Minas Gerais

Soil losses due to water erosion threaten the sustainability of agriculture and the food security of current and future generations. This study estimated potential soil losses and sediment production under different types of land uses in a subbasin in the Municipality of Alfenas, southern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of the Potential Erosion Method by the Intensity of Erosion and Drainage program and correlate the findings with the results obtained by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation as well as geoprocessing techniques and statistical analyses. In the Potential Erosion Method, the coefficient indicating the mean erosion intensity was 0.37, which corresponded to erosion category IV and indicated weak laminar erosion processes, and the total soil loss was 649.31 Mg year-1 and the mean was 1.46 Mg ha-1 year-1. These results were consistent in magnitude with those obtained in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, which estimated a mean soil loss of 1.52 Mg ha-1 year-1 and a total soil loss of 668.26 Mg year-1. The Potential Erosion Method suggests that 1.5% of the area presents potential soil losses above the soil loss tolerance limit, which ranged from 5.19 to 5.90 Mg ha-1 year-1, while the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation indicated that 7.3% of the area has potential soil losses above the limit. The maximum sediment discharge was 60 Mg year-1, meaning that 9.3% of the total soil loss reached the depositional areas of the river plains or watercourses. The Potential Erosion Method was efficient in the evaluation of water erosion in tropical soils, and the results were consistent with models widely employed in the estimation of soil losses. Thus, the model can support the evaluation of soil losses in Brazil and is a robust tool for evaluating the sustainability of agricultural activities.

Geomorphology of Talacasto alluvial fan, Precordillera of San Juan, Argentina

ABSTRACTWe present a 1:50,000 geomorphological map of the Talacasto river alluvial fan (93 km2), located in the Central Andean Precordillera of Argentina. The aim of this map is to identify and classify dynamic and potentially destructive geomorphological processes such as gully erosion, headward erosion, concentrated erosion, laminar erosion and similar features that are present in an alluvial fan, so as to identify unstable sectors for public infrastructure. This map is the result of combining remote sensing data, aerial photographs analysis and fieldwork. Landforms and active geomorphological processes are identified, classified and illustrated for this Quaternary alluvial fan. Four Quaternary landscape subunits were classified, taking into account morphogenetic characteristics and erosional processes such as: (1) Exhumed and erosional landforms inducted by neotectonic activity; (2) Alluvial landforms; (3) Polygenetic landforms covered in glacis; and (4) Playa lake landforms. The presence of desert pavements and salt-hardened subsoil formations contributes to the generation and transmission of surface runoff during summer heavy rains, causing alluvial hazards and damages in routes and roads.

Evaluating the Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Erosion Rates in Central Mexico

Although water-eroded soil (WES) resulting from human activities has been recognized as the leading global cause of land degradation, the soil erosion risks from climate change are not clear. Studies have reported that WES is the second most significant cause of soil loss in Mexico, and its future trajectory has not been sufficiently evaluated. The aims of this study are to 1) determine the impacts of climate change on WES and its distribution for the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico, and to 2) compare the present and future soil loss rates for the study unit (SU). The State of Aguascalientes is located in the “Region del Bajio.” The impact of climate change on WES was evaluated using the near-future divided world scenario (A2) presented in the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. Daily temperature and precipitation data from 18 weather stations were downscaled to model historic laminar water erosion (HLWE) and changes therein in the A2 near-future scenario for 2010–2039 (LWEScA2). Due to future changes in mean annual rainfall (MAR) levels, a change in the LWEScA2 of between 1.6 and 8.9% could result in average soil losses up to 475.4 t ha-1 yr-1, representing a loss of slightly more than a 30-mm layer of mountain soil per year. The risk zones, classified as class 4 for LWE, are located to western of the State in part of municipalities of Calvillo, Jesus Maria, San Jose de Gracia y Cosio, where there are typical hills and falls with soil very sensitive to rain erosion.

Carbon redistribution by erosion processes in an intensively disturbed catchment

Understanding how organic carbon (OC) moves with sediments along the fluvial system is crucial to determining catchment scale carbon budgets and helps the proper management of fragile ecosystems. Especially challenging is the analysis of OC dynamics during fluvial transport in heterogeneous, fragile, and disturbed environments with ephemeral and intense hydrological pulses, typical of Mediterranean conditions. This paper explores the catchment scale OC redistribution by lateral flows in extreme Mediterranean environmental conditions, from a geomorphological perspective. The study area is a catchment (Cárcavo) in SE Spain with a semiarid climate, erodible lithologies, and shallow soils, which is highly disturbed by agricultural terraces, land levelling, reforestation, and construction of check-dams. To increase our understanding of catchment scale OC redistribution induced by erosion, we studied in detail the subcatchments of eight check-dams distributed along the catchments main channel. We determined 137Cs, physicochemical characteristics, and the OC pools of the catchment soils and sediments deposited behind each check-dam, performed spatial analysis of catchment properties and buffer areas around the check-dams, and carried out geomorphological analysis of the slope-channel connections.The soils showed very low total organic carbon (TOC) values, oscillating between 15.2 and 4.4gkg−1 for forest and agricultural soils, respectively. Sediments mobilized by erosion were poor in TOC (6.6±0.7gkg–1) compared to the eroded (forest) soils, and the redistribution of OC through the catchment, especially of the mineral associated organic carbon (MAC) pool, showed the same pattern as clay particles and 137Cs. The TOC erosion rates estimated for the Cárcavo watershed are relatively low (0.031±0.03Mgha−1y−1) but similar to those reported for subhumid Mediterranean catchments that are less fragile and more conducive to plant growth. The TOC erosion/total erosion ratio was lower (0.06%) than other estimates, although the average OC concentration of the sediments was higher than that of the agricultural soils of the catchment, underlining the problem of maintaining sustainable soil OC contents.The OC in deposited sediments came not only from surface erosion processes, but also from deeper soil or sediment layers mobilized by concentrated erosion processes. Sediment richer in OC came from the surface soil of vegetated (reforested) areas close and well connected to the channels. Subcatchments dominated by laminar erosion processes showed a TOC erosion/total erosion ratio that was two times higher than that of subcatchments dominated by concentrated flow erosion processes. The lithology, soils, and geomorphology exert a more important control on OC redistribution than land use and vegetation cover in this geomorphologically very active catchment.

Study of laminar erosion in the basin river catchment Barro Preto, in Coronel Vivida - PR

Study of laminar erosion in the basin river catchment Barro Preto, in Coronel Vivida - PR

PERDA DE SOLO EM DIFERENTES CULTURAS AGRÍCOLAS SOBRE LATOSSOLO VERMELHO NO MUNICÍPIO DE PATROCÍNIO, MG - DOI: 10.13083/1414-3984.v22n05a05

Os processos erosivos, apesar de naturais, vêm sendo intensificados pelo uso inadequado do solo provocando a perdas anuais de bilhões de toneladas de solos férteis em todo o mundo. Assim, compreender este processo é fundamental para um desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade agrícola. Este trabalho avaliou as perdas de solo por erosão laminar em sete parcelas, sob diferentes tratamentos (mata; cultivo de soja, milho e cafeeiro, pastagem e solo exposto), em Latossolos vermelhos da Fazenda Esmeril, em Patrocínio, MG. As parcelas de solo exposto apresentaram os maiores valores de perdas de solo, com mais de 23 Mg ha-1 ano-1. Em relação aos demais tratamentos, a mata apresentou os menores totais, aproximadamente 38%; dentre as culturas, o milho (79%), seguido da soja (68%), foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores para as perdas de solo, bem superiores ao da área de cafezal e pasto, com 47% e 45%, respectivamente. Apesar do sistema de plantio direto nas culturas de soja e milho ter reduzido a produção de sedimentos nestas áreas, estas ainda continuam perdendo muito material durante as fases de preparação do solo e plantio. Já o valor elevado apresentado na cultura do cafeeiro é reflexo do grande espaçamento entre plantas.

Avaliação do potencial à erosão laminar da bacia do Ribeirão Sozinha (GO)

A proposta deste trabalho é apresentar os resultados da avaliação do potencial a erosão laminar da bacia do Ribeirão Sozinha, no Estado de Goiás, a partir da aplicação de um modelo de previsão. A área de estudo compreende os municípios que se localizam a leste da região metropolitana de Goiânia, e se configura como uma área dinâmica, de múltiplos usos, e em função disso há a necessidade da aplicação de instrumentos que viabilizem o planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo. A metodologia utilizada constitui uma abordagem de cunho qualitativa e visa identificar e espacializar as fragilidades do solo à erosão laminar em uma bacia hidrográfica. Foram definidas três classes de potencial a erosão laminar na bacia do Ribeirão Sozinha: alto potencial à erosão, constituindo 29,84% da área da bacia, com uso atual incompatível com o indicado; médio potencial (55,74%) também com uso incompatível e baixo potencial (14,42%) com uso compatível ao recomendado. Palavras-chave: potencial à erosão laminar; capacidade de uso; bacia hidrográfica. ABSTRACT The proposition of this paper is to present the results of the evaluation of the potential to the laminar erosion on the Sozinha watershed, in the Goiás state, through the application of the prediction model. The area of the study comprise the municipality that localize on the east part of the metropolitan region of Goiânia, and set up like a dynamic area, of the multiple uses, according to this, there is a necessity to make a plan of the cover and land use. The methodology was use constitutes a qualitative approach and desire to identify and spatialize the fragilities of the soil to the laminar erosion on a watershed. It was define three classes of the potential to laminar erosion on the watershed: High potential to erosion, constituted 29,84% of the area, that the use is incompatible with the indicate; medium potential (55,74%) also with incompatible use and low potential (14,42%) with the compatible use. Keywords: potential to the laminar erosion; capacity to the use; watershed. RESUMEN La propuesta de este trabajo es presentar los resultados de la evaluación del potencial de la erosión laminar de la cuenca del Ribeirão Sozinha, a partir de la aplicación de un modelo de previsión. A área de estudio comprende los municipios que se encuentran al este del área metropolitana de Goiânia, y se configura como un proceso dinámico, polivalente, y de acuerdo con esto es necesario la aplicación de herramientas que permiten la planificación del uso de la tierra. La metodología utilizada tiene un enfoque cualitativo y tiene como objetivo identificar y espacializar las debilidades del suelo a erosión laminar en una cuenca. Definimos tres clases de potencial a la erosión laminar en la cuenca del Ribeirão Sozinha: alto potencial de erosión, que constitue 29,84% de la superficie de la cuenca, con el uso actual es incompatible con el indicado, el medio potencial (55,74%) también con el uso incompatible y potencial bajo (14,42%), con el uso compatible al que fue recomendado. Palabras clave: potencial al erosión laminar; capacidad del uso; cuenca. DOI: 10.5654/actageo2013.0714.0008