Lake In North-central Florida Research Articles

Prediction of groundwater levels from lake levels and climate data using ann approach

There are many environmental concerns relating to the quality and quantity of surface and groundwater. It is very important to estimate the quantity of water by using readily available climate data for managing water resources of the natural environment. As a case study an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology is developed for estimating the groundwater levels (upper Floridan aquifer levels) as a function of monthly averaged precipitation, evaporation, and measured levels of Magnolia and Brooklyn Lakes in north-central Florida. Groundwater and surface water are highly interactive in the region due to the characteristics of the geological structure, which consists of a sandy surficial aquifer, and a highly transmissive limestone confined aquifer known as the Floridan aquifer system (FAS), which are separated by a leaky clayey confining unit. In a lake groundwater system that is typical of many karst lakes in Florida, a large part of the groundwater outflow occurs by means of vertical leakage through the underlying confining unit to a deeper highly transmissive upper Floridan aquifer. This provides a direct hydraulic connection between the lakes and the aquifer, which creates fast and dynamic surface water / groundwater interaction. Relationships among lake levels, groundwater levels, rainfall, and evapotranspiration were determined using ANN-based models and multiple-linear regression (MLR) and multiple-nonlinear regression (MNLR) models. All the models were fitted to the monthly data series and their performances were compared. ANN-based models performed better than MLR and MNLR models in predicting groundwater levels.

Variation in body condition of Alligator mississippiensis in Florida

We examined body condition (using Fulton’s K with snout-vent length and weight) for 482 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) collected from 14 aquatic sites in Florida in 2011 and 2012. An information-theoretic approach using Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best models for alligator body condition from a suite of seven candidate models created using combinations of trophic state (oligotrophic, eutrophic, hypereutrophic), sex, and alligators/km. Our top model included trophic state and alligators/km indicating that alligator body condition from sites classified as hypereutrophic and eutrophic (2.43 ± 0.07 and 2.45 ± 0.05, respectively) were greater than alligator body condition at oligotrophic sites (2.14 ± 0.01). Alligator body condition was lower at sites with a higher density of alligators ≥ 1.25 m. Across all sites, average alligator body condition ranged from 1.94 ± 0.054 (SE) to 2.78 ± 0.121(SE). This was a 43% difference in alligator body condition between the site with the highest alligator body condition (Lochloosa Lake, a hypereutrophic lake in north-central Florida) compared to the site with lowest body condition (Water Conservation Area 3B, an oligotrophic marsh in the Everglades). Across all sites, average alligator body condition was 12% greater at eutrophic and hypereutrophic sites compared to oligotrophic sites which was consistent with patterns observed in other studies for fish standing stock (highest in eutrophic lakes and lowest in oligotrophic marshes in the Everglades). The same patterns occur in alligator stomach content volume (higher in lakes in north-central Florida, Louisiana fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes compared to the Everglades). Our results illustrate that variation in alligator body condition is consistent with patterns of aquatic site productivity and is a useful parameter for describing differences in aquatic site ecological condition.

Estimation of Groundwater Levels With Surface Observations via Genetic Programming

Surface water levels alone are indicators of both surface and groundwater storage in which the surface water and groundwater are highly interactive; such situations exist in most parts of Florida. Forecasting groundwater‐level fluctuations by means of easily measured surface water levels using a groundwater–surface water model is an important requirement for planning conjunctive use in any basin. This article investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in forecasting groundwater‐level fluctuations in an aquifer using the measured water levels of two lakes in North Central Florida along with monthly averaged precipitation and evaporation. Relationships among lake levels, groundwater levels, rainfall, and evaporation were determined using different AI approaches—namely a multi‐layer perceptron, radial basis neural network, multi‐gene genetic programming, and multi‐linear and multi‐nonlinear regression models. A comparison of the results revealed that the proposed multi‐gene genetic programming model produced more accurate predictions than those of the other approaches.

Large-scale predation by river otters (Lontra canadensis) on Florida cooter (Pseudemys floridana) and Florida softshell turtles (Apalone ferox).

Abstract We observed predation by river otters (Lontra canadensis) on large numbers of Florida cooter (Pseudemys floridana) and Florida softshell turtles (Apalone ferox) in two small lakes in North Central Florida, USA during a period of unusually low water levels. Carcasses were strewn on the shoreline and accumulated around floating boat docks, where some residents observed turtles being killed. We found 76 carcasses, including predominantly skeletons, and two live, severely injured turtles from one lake; however, numerous remains undoubtedly were unrecovered. The otters frequently eviscerated the turtles and removed the head and one or more appendages, including the phallus of mature males. In skeletal remains, injuries inflicted by otters were nonspecific, indistinguishable from damage caused by scavengers, or easily missed in incomplete carcasses. This report of large-scale mortality of freshwater turtles in Florida suggests that otters could have a significant impact on local turtle populations.

Estimating Water Budgets and Vertical Leakages for Karst Lakes in North-Central Florida (United States) Via Hydrological Modeling1

Lin, Zhulu, 2011. Estimating Water Budgets and Vertical Leakages for Karst Lakes in North-Central Florida (United States) Via Hydrological Modeling. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00513.x Abstract: Newnans, Lochloosa, and Orange Lakes are closely hydrologically connected karst lakes located in north-central Florida, United States. The complex karst hydrology in this region poses a great challenge to the hydrological modeling that is essential to the development of Total Maximum Daily Loads for these lakes. We used a Hydrological Simulation Program – Fortran model coupled with the parallel Parameter ESTimation model calibration and uncertainty analysis software to estimate effectively the hydrological interactions between the lakes and the underlying upper Floridan aquifer and the water budgets for these three lakes. The net results of the lake-groundwater interactions in Newnans and Orange Lakes are that both lakes recharge the underlying upper Floridan aquifer, with the recharge rate of the latter one magnitude greater than that of the former. However, for Lochloosa Lake, the net lake-groundwater interaction is that the lake gains water from groundwater in a significant amount, approximately 40% of its total terrestrial water input. The annual average vertical leakages estimated for Newnans, Lochloosa, and Orange Lakes are 6.0 × 106, −8.9 × 106, and 44.4 × 106 m3, respectively. The average vertical hydraulic conductance (Kv/b) of the units between a lake bottom and the underlying upper Floridan aquifer in this region are also estimated to be from 1.26 × 10−4 to 1.01 × 10−3 day−1.

NECROPSY FINDINGS IN AMERICAN ALLIGATOR LATE-STAGE EMBRYOS AND HATCHLINGS FROM NORTHCENTRAL FLORIDA LAKES CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES

Increased American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) embryo and neonatal mortality has been reported from several northcentral Florida lakes contaminated with old-use organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). However, a clear relationship among these contaminants and egg viability has not been established, suggesting the involvement of additional factors in these mortalities. Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the ultimate cause of mortality of American alligator late-stage embryos and hatchlings through the conduction of detailed pathological examinations, and to evaluate better the role of OCPs in these mortalities. Between 2000 and 2001, 236 dead alligators were necropsied at or near hatching (after approximately 65 days of artificial incubation and up to 1 mo of age posthatch). Dead animals were collected from 18 clutches ranging in viability from 0% to 95%. Total OCP concentrations in yolk ranged from approximately 100 to 52,000 microg/kg, wet weight. The most common gross findings were generalized edema (34%) and organ hyperemia (29%), followed by severe emaciation (14%) and gross deformities (3%). Histopathologic examination revealed lesions in 35% of the animals, with over half of the cases being pneumonia, pulmonary edema, and atelectasis. Within and across clutches, dead embryos and hatchlings compared with their live cohorts were significantly smaller and lighter. Although alterations in growth and development were not related to yolk OCPs, there was an increase in prevalence of histologic lesions in clutches with high OCPs. Overall, these results indicate that general growth retardation and respiratory abnormalities were a major contributing factor in observed mortalities and that contaminants may increase the susceptibility of animals to developing certain pathologic conditions.

Abrupt Biological Response to Hydrologic and Land-use Changes in Lake Apopka, Florida, USA

Lake Apopka is a shallow, hypereutrophic lake in north-central Florida that experienced an abrupt shift in primary producer community structure (PPCS) in 1947. The PPCS shift was so abrupt anecdotal accounts report that dominant, submersed aquatic vegetation was uprooted by a hurricane in 1947 and replaced by phytoplankton within weeks. Here we propose two hypotheses to explain the sudden shift to phytoplankton. First, hydrologic modification of the drainage basin in the late 1800s lowered the lake level ca. 1.0 m, allowing the ecosystem to accommodate moderate, anthropogenic nutrient enrichment through enhanced production in the macrophyte community. Second, additional hydrologic changes and large-scale agricultural development of floodplain wetlands began in 1942 and altered the pattern and scale of phosphorus loading to the lake that triggered the rapid shift to phytoplankton dominance in 1947. Historic land-use changes and paleolimnological data on biological responses to nutrient loading support these hypotheses.

Comparison of Electrofishing and Rotenone for Sampling Largemouth Bass in Vegetated Areas of Two Florida Lakes

Abstract We compared the sampling precision and efficiency of electrofishing and rotenone for assessing populations of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in vegetated portions of two Florida lakes. Sampling was conducted at Lochloosa and Orange lakes in north-central Florida from 1990 to 1999. Significant differences in length frequencies were determined between the two methods in 5 of 9 years for each lake. In years where differences existed, electrofishing collected larger fish than did rotenone. The maximum deviation between cumulative relative length frequencies for the two methods was not related to total vegetation, native emergent vegetation, or hydrilla Hydrilla verticallata coverage at either lake. Sampling precision was greater for electrofishing than for rotenone; electrofishing also required less sampling effort to detect changes in the abundance of juvenile and adult largemouth bass. Electrofishing was a more precise and cost-effective method than rotenone for estimating largemouth bass ab...

Water budget and vertical conductance for Lowry (Sand Hill) Lake in north-central Florida, USA

Water-budget components and the vertical conductance were determined for Lowry (Sand Hill) Lake in north-central Florida, USA. In this type of lake, which interacts with both the surface-water and groundwater systems, the inflow components are precipitation, surface-water inflow, groundwater inflow, and direct runoff (i.e. overland flow), and the outflow components are evaporation, groundwater outflow, and surface-water outflow. In a lake and groundwater system that is typical of many karst lakes in Florida, a large part of the groundwater outflow occurs by means of vertical leakage through an underlying confining unit to a deeper, highly transmissive aquifer called the upper Floridan aquifer. The water-budget component that represents vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was calculated as a residual using the water-budget equation. For the 13 month period from August 1994 to August 1995, relative to the surface area of the lake, rainfall at Lowry Lake was 1.55 m yr −1, surficial aquifer inflow was 0.79 m yr −1, surface-water inflow was 1.92 m yr −1, and direct runoff was 0.01 m yr −1. Lake evaporation was 1.11 m yr −1, and surface-water outflow was 1.61 m yr −1. The lake stage increased 0.07 m yr −1, and the vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was 1.48 m yr −1. Surficial aquifer outflow from the lake was negligible. At Lowry Lake, vertical leakage is a major component of the water budget, comprising about 35% of the outflow during the study period. The vertical conductance ( K V/ b), a coefficient that represents the average of the vertical conductances of the hydrogeologic units between the bottom of a lake and the top of the upper Floridan aquifer, was determined to be 2.51 × 10 −4 day −1 for Lowry Lake.

Morphological Variation in Hatchling American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) from Three Florida Lakes

Morphological variation of 508 hatchling alligators from three lakes in north central Florida (Lakes Woodruff, Apopka, and Orange) was analyzed using multivariate statistics. Morphological variation was found among clutches as well as among lakes. Principal components analysis was used to determine the proportion of the variation attributable to shape as opposed to size. Shape accounted for 42% and 36% of the variation among individuals and clutches, respectively. Linear discriminant analysis with cross-vali- dation was performed to determine whether the clutch from which an individual came or the lake from which a clutch came from could be predicted. Success of predicting clutch membership varied from 67% for Lake Apopka to 74% for Orange Lake. The lake from which a clutch was obtained could be predicted with a success rate of 49%. The optimal subset of measurement variables, obtained from stepwise discrim- inant analysis, was used to illustrate the morphological variation among clutches and lakes in a scatterplot of the first two canonical variables. Assuming factors such as genetics, nutrition, age, size, and stress affect hatchling morphology, one would suspect hatchlings from the same clutch to be more similar than hatch- lings from different clutches. Likewise, we suggest that a lake effect could be the result of intrapopulational similarity of environmental factors, such as food and resource availability, nutrient levels, contaminant levels, and parental lineage (genetics). We hypothesize that demographic and environmental influence on the ma- ternal contribution to the embryonic environment, rather than genetic influence, is responsible for the ob- served pattern of morphological variation.

Citizen Monitoring of Aquatic Bird Populations Using a Florida Lake

ABSTRACT Five years of monthly bird counts on a 2.32 km2 lake in north central Florida were used to examine the ability of a citizen volunteer to monitor aquatic bird populations. When compared to published aquatic bird data, collected by professional biologists, the citizen volunteer was able to accurately assess bird abundance and species richness. The monthly counts over a five-year period were also used to examine seasonal patterns in aquatic bird use. We highly recommend the development of citizen based aquatic bird monitoring programs for the assessment of reportedly declining aquatic bird populations. This would be especially useful if entire states programs could be developed to monitor regional as well as temporal trends in aquatic bird populations.

Water Budget and Vertical Conductance for Magnolia Lake

Water-budget components and the average vertical conductance were determined for Magnolia Lake in north-central Florida. At Magnolia Lake, a large part of the ground-water outflow occurs by means of vertical leakage through an underlying semipermeable confining unit to a deeper, highly transmissive aquifer called the upper Floridan aquifer, which is typical of many karst lakes in Florida. Monthly water-budget components were calculated for a two-year period from October 1995 through September 1997, and the water-budget component that represents vertical leakage to the upper Floridan aquifer was calculated as a residual in the water-budget equation. Relative to the 83.4 ha surface area of the lake, rainfall at Magnolia Lake was 1.31 m/year, surface-water inflow was 9.57 m/year, direct runoff was 0.19 m/year, and surficial-aquifer inflow was 0.69 m/year. Lake evaporation was 1.08 m/year, surface-water outflow was 7.79 m/year, and surficial-aquifer outflow was 0.14 m/year. The lake stage decreased by 0.13 m/...

Evaluation of Surface Sampling for Estimates of Chlorophyll, Total Phosphorus, and Total Nitrogen Concentrations in Shallow Florida Lakes

ABSTRACT A study of 11 north-central Florida lakes was conducted to determine if surface sampling (0.5 m) provided the same estimates of chlorophyll, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen concentrations as samples collected with a Kemmerer bottle at 1 m and 2 m, and a 2-m pvc tube sampler (integrated column). The absolute values of differences between surface estimates of chlorophyll, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen concentrations and estimates obtained by use of other sampling methods were small and from a practical standpoint would not preclude the use of the surface estimates. Only a few statistically significant differences were detected for some individual lakes. For this group of Florida lakes, the greatest amount of variability in estimates was attributed to differences among lakes (≥95%). Surface estimates were also highly correlated (r ranged from 0.95 to 0.98) to estimates obtained by other methods. Because surface sampling is simple, cost-effective, and provides comparable estimates of chlorophyll, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen concentrations, surface water sampling is recommended if a large number of Florida lakes are to be sampled.

Identification and characterization of proteins synthesized de novo and secreted by the reproductive tract of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis.

The objectives of this study were to identify, characterize and examine differences in proteins synthesized de novo and secreted by different regions of the reproductive tract of the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis, during three reproductive (vitellogenic, gravid, post-clutch) and one non-reproductive state. After capture, alligators from lakes in north central Florida were anaesthetized, the reproductive tract excised aseptically, the size of any follicle determined, and different functional regions of the tract dissected out and partitioned for explant culture. Analysis of the biosynthetic activity indicated regional variations within the tract, differences among reproductive groups and region by status interactions. When oviductal regions were considered regardless of reproductive status, the greatest incorporation of [3H]Leu into secreted nondialysable macromolecules was by the anterior and posterior infundibulum and oviductal tube compared with the transition zone and the uterus. When status was included, the biosynthetic activity of the anterior and posterior portion of the tract in non-reproductive alligators was not different, whereas that of the posterior region of the reproductive group (vitellogenic, gravid, post-clutch) was significantly lower than that of the anterior region. This finding indicates that regulation of protein synthesis and secretion by the non-reproductive alligator tract is different from that in the tract of the reproductive group. Explant-conditioned media were analysed by one-dimensional and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and fluorography. Sixteen major proteins in culture media were identified as de novo synthesized, by relative molecular weight, by isoelectric point and by differences in distribution determined for reproductive status and oviductal region. Six proteins were examined by N-terminal amino acid microsequence analysis. On the basis of a 29 amino acid sequence, the major oviductal protein, alligator protein 1 (aP1: M(r) 55,000, basic), found in the infundibulum and tube of vitellogenic alligators, was identical to the major protein isolated from alligator egg albumen. Four proteins (aP4-aP7) were sequenced and shown to be significantly related to immunoglobulin heavy chains from several species. This study demonstrated that a large number of proteins are synthesized de novo and released by the female alligator reproductive tract and that there are biosynthetic activity differences by reproductive status and region. Six proteins have been identified, several of which may be incorporated into alligator egg albumen and some of which appear to be different from proteins found in the egg albumens of other species.

Geology and evolution of lakes in north-central Florida

Fluid exchange between surficial waters and groundwater in karst environments, and the processes that control exchange, are of critical concern to water management districts and planners. High-resolution seismic data were collected from 30 lakes of north-central Florida. In each case study, lake structure and geomorphology were controlled by solution and/or mechanical processes. Processes that control lake development are twofold: (1) karstification or dissolution of the underlying limestone, and (2) the collapse, subsidence, or slumping of overburden to form sinkholes. Initial lake formation is directly related to the karst topography of the underlying host limestone. Case studies have shown that lakes can be divided by geomorphic types into progressive developmental phases: (1) active subsidence or collapse phase (young); (2) transitional phase (middle age); (3) baselevel phase (mature); and (4) polje (drowned prairie) – broad flat-bottom that have one or all phases of sinkhole. Using these criteria, Florida lakes can be classified by size, fill, subsurface features, and geomorphology.

Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon enrichment on planktonic and periphytic algae in a softwater, oligotrophic lake in Florida, USA

The objective of this study was to investigate nutrient limitation of algal abundance in Anderson-Cue Lake, a softwater clear oligotrophic lake in north-central Florida. Nutrient diffusing clay pots and cylindrical enclosures were used in the field to test effects of different combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, silica, and carbon on algal standing crop and composition of periphytic and planktonic algae, respectively. Effects of nutrient enrichment on periphytic algae were examined in two studies conducted 31 May – 8 July and 10 June – 15 July 1991. Nutrient effects on planktonic algae were examined in one study from 13 June – 1 July 1991. Planktonic and periphytic algal biovolume was significantly higher (p<0.05) when nitrogen and carbon were added in combination than with treatments without nitrogen, carbon, or nitrogen and carbon. Treatments with nitrogen and carbon combined resulted in lower algal diversity and dominance by coccoid green algae andScenedesmus. Results indicate that carbon and nitrogen can be limiting factors to algal growth in Anderson-Cue Lake and possibly other lakes of similar water quality.

The Contribution of Ciliated Protozoa to Zooplankton Biomass in an Acidic, Subtropical Lake

Ciliated protozoa accounted for up to 50% of the mean daily zooplankton biomass in McCloud Lake, a small (5 ha), oligotrophic, acidic (pH 4.7) lake in north-central Florida. Food resources (algae and bacterioplankton) were limiting for crustacean and rotifer zooplankton during much of the year. Myxotrophic ciliates were a dominant component of the planktonic food web. Stentor niger, an uncommon species in the plankton of lakes, dominated the ciliate assemblage and usually comprised >90% of total ciliate biomass. Stentor niger always contained high densities of photosynthetic zoochlorellae and contributed an estimated 30% to the total autotrophic biomass.

Nest Tree Preference of Ospreys in Northcentral Florida

Eighty-four nest trees used by ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) were compared to 80 randomly selected trees on 2 lakes in northcentral Florida to determine whether ospreys exhibited preference for particular tree characteristics. Tests of mean values revealed differences between random and nest trees in surrounding stem density and canopy height. Three components explaining 90% of the variance were derived from principle components analysis of the random trees. Fourteen of 84 nest trees differed from surrounding trees; major differences were in vertical structure and stem density. Lack of large-scale differences between nest and random trees suggests ospreys in northcentral Florida have a fairly wide tolerance for nesting substrates. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 52(1):103-107 A common question in studies of nesting substrates of raptors is why a particular substrate is selected over others. While selected substrates often show differences that are ecologically interpretable (Mosher and White 1976), other comparisons are not simple and may reflect choice for specific attributes not easily detected (Hilden 1965). Alternatively, nesting birds may have a wide tolerance for nesting substrate when certain criteria, such as lateral branches thick enough to support a nest, are met. We examined attributes of nest trees selected by ospreys on 2 lakes in northcentral Florida. The identification of aspects of osprey nesting habitat and substrate in Florida serves several purposes. First, the rapid urbanization of Flor1 Present address: Wisconsin Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.32 on Mon, 10 Oct 2016 04:17:23 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 104 NEST TREE PREFERENCE IN OSPREYS * Edwards and Collopy J. Wildl. Manage. 52(1):1988 ida along waterways and lakes makes identification of crucial nesting habitat important. Data from relatively undisturbed locations may serve as baseline information to aid managers evaluating human impacts on ospreys. Second, unlike many coastal populations, osprey at lakes in northcentral Florida typically nest in live trees. Thus, use of live rather than dead trees poses interesting questions regarding use versus availability. Finally, several researchers suggest that raptors exhibit preference for nesting substrates (Matray 1974, Mosher and White 1976, Titus and Mosher 1981, Reynolds et al. 1982, Woffinden and Murphy 1983). Our objectives were to determine whether nest trees used by ospreys differed from surrounding trees. We thank P. Frederick, J. A. Mosher, T. G. O'Brien, H. F. Percival, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments on manuscript drafts. P. Bohall-Wood and H. Dinkler provided assistance in data collection. Partial funding and logistical support were provided by the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and grants from Sigma Xi and The Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association. We acknowledge T. B. Murphy for his assistance throughout the project. This paper is Contribution 8126 of the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, Gainesville.

Predation on Waterhyacinth Weevils and Other Aquatic Insects by Three Wetland Birds in Florida

Common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), boat-tailed grackles (Quiscalus major) and red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) were collected monthly from September 1984 to August 1985 at a waterhyacinth (Eichhornnia crassipes) infested lake in northcentral Florida. Contents of esophagi and gizzards were examined to assess predation on waterhyacinth weevils, Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi, and other aquatic insects. Waterhyacinth weevils were rarely found in stomach contents of common moorhens, whose herbivorous diet consisted largely of coontail, hydrilla and duckweed. Although diets of the other two bird species varied seasonally, both consumed significant proportions of aquatic insects. Adults of Donacia leaf beetles were found to be very abundant in stomach contents of grackles and blackbirds (aggregate percent: @?x = 17.2, @?x = 26.9, respectively). Neochetina weevils were frequently found in gizzards of boat-tailed grackles and red-winged blackbirds (percent occurrence: @?x = 52.5, @?x = 41.5, respectively), but accounted for a relatively small proportion of the total diet (aggregate percent: @?x = 1.0, @?x = 6.3, respectively). Implications for biological control of waterhyacinth are discussed.

A new species of Kecane (Rotifera: Lecanidae) from subtropical Florida

A new species of Lecane was discovered during a recent investigation of the Rotifera of softwater lakes in North-Central Florida. Descriptions of the new species and type locality are given.