Lagrangian Coherent Structures Analysis Research Articles

Lagrangian coherent structure analysis on transport of Acetes chinensis along coast of Lianyungang, China

Lagrangian coherent structure analysis on transport of Acetes chinensis along coast of Lianyungang, China

Three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures in patients with aortic regurgitation

Understanding blood transport in cardiovascular flows is important for managing patients with cardiovascular disease. In this study, three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures have been extracted for the first time in both healthy patients and patients with aortic regurgitation. To achieve this, a computationally efficient approach based on Lagrangian descriptors was employed with four-dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance imaging velocity fields. In healthy subjects, Lagrangian coherent structures analysis revealed well-defined mitral jet structures during early filling, directing flow toward ejection during systole. For patients with aortic regurgitation, complex flow structures included interactions between the mitral and regurgitant jets, indicating altered blood transport mechanisms. This study highlights the ability of Lagrangian descriptors to extract coherent structures from patient-specific 4D flow MRI data in a computationally efficient way. It also underscores the importance of extracting three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures to gain a better understanding of the complex interaction between the mitral inflow and the regurgitant jet.

Chemodynamics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Alkylated and Nitrated Derivatives in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea.

The occurrence of continuously released polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marginal seas is regulated by hydrological and biogeochemical processes; however, scarce knowledge is about their derivatives in marine environments. In this study, the dissolved and particulate PAHs and their alkylated/nitrated derivatives (A-PAHs/N-PAHs) in surface seawater of the southwestern Yellow Sea (YS) and northwestern East China Sea (ECS) during September 2022 were comprehensively discussed. Results confirm higher levels of Σ26PAHs (9.3-70 ng/L) and Σ43A-PAHs (13-76 ng/L) than Σ20N-PAHs (0.80-6.6 ng/L). The spatial heterogeneity of contaminants was regulated by substantial riverine runoff and ocean currents. Lagrangian Coherent Structure analysis further revealed the existence of a transport barrier at the shelf break of the southwestern YS where contaminants hardly crossed and tended to accumulate. The relationship between dissolved compounds and chlorophyll a indicated both biodegradation and the biological pump contributed to the depletion of PAHs and A-PAHs from surface seawater while the biological pump was the major driver for N-PAHs, despite their complicated water-particle partition behavior due to variations in physicochemical properties in the presence of nitro groups. Source identification demonstrated that pyrogenic and petrogenic sources dominated the YS and ECS, respectively, while photochemical transformations appeared more active in the YS.

Aeroacoustic source prediction using material surfaces bounding the flow

This article presents an extension of Liepmann’s characterization of an aeroacoustic source in terms of the motion of a bounding surface containing the source region. Rather than using an arbitrary surface, we express the problem in terms of bounding material surfaces, identified by Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), which demarcate flow into regions with distinct dynamics. The sound generation of the flow is written in terms of the motion of these material surfaces using the Kirchhoff integral equation, so that the flow noise problem now appears like that of a deforming body. This approach provides a natural connection between the flow topology, as revealed through LCS analysis, and sound generation mechanisms. As examples, we examine two-dimensional cases of co-rotating vortices and leap-frogging vortex pairs and compare estimated sound sources to vortex sound theory.

Lagrangian Coherent Structure Analysis on the Vegetated Compound Channel with Numerical Simulation

Natural channels often consist of a mainstream near their thalwegs and shallow vegetated areas near shores. The compounded and partially vegetated cross-sections play a significantly role in determining the hydrodynamic characteristics of a channel. By employing the Lagrangian Coherent Structure (LCS) analysis, the present work unravels the effect of vegetation and geometry on the hydrodynamic interactions between mainstreams with the various depths and vegetated shallow areas. The LCS method is the concept of dynamical system analyses, which is determined by the finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLE) field of fluid particles. It enables to overcome the limitations of using the particle tracking method in cost and time for simulations. Since the LCSs represent material surfaces or asymptotic lines which particles approach, but do not pass through, they match well with the trajectories of particles or materials obtained by solving particle motion equations. Therefore, the temporal and spatial developments of the interfacial layers could be investigated by using the FTLE. As the difference of depth becomes appreciable, the values of FTLE are relatively larger farther from the vegetated area. It implies that the interfacial layer becomes wider with the larger size of vortex produced by the differences of velocities between the mainstreams and the vegetated areas. In other words, as depth differences become large, materials and momentum can be spread from the vegetated area to or collected from a wider area of the mainstream.

The most robust representations of flow trajectories are Lagrangian coherent structures

What is the most robust way to communicate flow trajectories? To answer this question, we employ two neural networks to respectively deconstruct (the encoder) and reconstruct (the decoder) trajectories, where information is passed between the two networks through a low-dimensional latent space in a set-up known as an autoencoder. To ensure that their communications are robust, we add noise to the coded information passed through this latent space. In the low-noise limit the latent space structures are non-spatial in nature, resembling modes of a principle component analysis (PCA). However, as the signal-to-noise ratio is decreased, we uncover Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) as the most compact representations which still allow the decoder to accurately reconstruct trajectories. This relationship offers increased interpretability to both PCA and LCS analysis, and helps to bridge the gap between two methods of flow analysis.

Fluid Flow Characteristics of Healthy and Calcified Aortic Valves Using Three-Dimensional Lagrangian Coherent Structures Analysis

Aortic valve calcification is an important cardiovascular disorder that deteriorates the accurate functioning of the valve leaflets. The increasing stiffness due to the calcification prevents the complete closure of the valve and therefore leads to significant hemodynamic alterations. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling enables the investigation of the entire flow domain by processing medical images from aortic valve patients. In this study, we computationally modeled and simulated a 3D aortic valve using patient-specific dimensions of the aortic root and aortic sinus. Leaflet stiffness is deteriorated in aortic valve disease due to calcification. In order to investigate the influence of leaflet calcification on flow dynamics, three different leaflet-stiffness values were considered for healthy, mildly calcified, and severely calcified leaflets. Time-dependent CFD results were used for applying the Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) technique by performing finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) computations along with Lagrangian particle residence time (PRT) analysis to identify unique vortex structures at the front and backside of the leaflets. Obtained results indicated that the peak flow velocity at the valve orifice increased with the calcification rate. For the healthy aortic valve, a low-pressure field was observed at the leaflet tips. This low-pressure field gradually expanded through the entire aortic sinus as the calcification level increased. FTLE field plots of the healthy and calcified valves showed a variety of differences in terms of flow structures. When the number of fluid particles in the healthy valve model was taken as reference, 1.59 and 1.74 times more particles accumulated in the mildly and severely calcified valves, respectively, indicating that the calcified valves were not sufficiently opened to allow normal mass flow rates.

Kinetics and prey capture by a paddling jellyfish: three-dimensional simulation and Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

Abstract

Paddling motion of a free-swimming jellyfish and Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

Swimming and prey capture by prolate and oblate jellyfishes are numerically examined in two-dimensions using multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann (MRT-LB) and immersed boundary (IB) methods. The near-field fluid structure interaction (FSI) and predator-prey interaction mechanisms are revealed via the simulated Eulerian flow characteristics, finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) field, and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS). We implement appropriate periodic body force (Fb) distribution at nodal points of the elastic bell in radial direction to model the paddled swimming as well as complex feeding behavior. For a paddling jellyfish the evolved starting and stopping vortices, as move close to each other in near-wake, create the necessary vortex induced thrust that facilitate the forward body motion. The forced bell contraction in power stroke assists quicker propulsive swimming, whereas passive bell expansion in resting phase facilitates the continued vortex induced forward movement for larger duration, via the refilled fluid momentum. For feeding the detailed prey interception and precise capture areas for various jellyfish models are identified hereby via the computed prey tracks, forward and backward time FTLE fields, and LCS. Swimming performances are analyzed based on interactive thrust and drag forces, input power (energy rate required for bell contraction), output power (thrust multiplied by centroid velocity), and cost of transport (COT). At low Reynolds number (Re) the COT becomes higher for an oblate jellyfish than that of a prolate one; while with increased Re the oblate species appears more economical. However, for enhanced paddling force (Fb) or reduced flapping frequency of bell, the COT for an oblate jellyfish steadily decreases. Hereby impacts of the varied force duration, flapping amplitude, flapping frequency, and bell-elasticity on the swimming are analyzed in greater detail. Notably, the propulsion efficiency increased for higher flapping frequency. The present numerical model efficiently unfolds prey capture mechanisms that are adopted by prolate and oblate medusae and quantifies their success rate (clearance rate, CR) in prey capture. Unlike in past studies, the FTLE fields and LCS that are computed here by tracking the transient motion of a large number of suspended Lagrangian prey particles exhibit the realistic predator-prey interaction and precise prey capture surface, which are difficult to measure or analyze empirically.

Evaluating the Effect of the Number of Wire of Flow Diverter Stents on the Nonstagnated Region Formation in an Aneurysm Sac Using Lagrangian Coherent Structure and Hyperbolic Time Analysis

Giant aneurysms at carotid arteries are typically treated with flow diverter (FD) stents in the clinic. Although the goal of an FD stent is to direct most of the blood flow into the main artery, not much is known regarding the effects of wire number an FD possesses on the hemodynamics inside the aneurysm. In this study, 48-, 72-, and 96-wire FD stents were separately implanted into the site of aneurysm of a 45-year-old woman to evaluate the effects of the FD's number of wires on fluid flow behavior in the aneurysm sac. Time evolution of both finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) and hyperbolic time fields in the aneurysm sac were calculated by using computational fluid dynamics along with Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) methods. The computations reveal that a 48-wire FD stent allows a large amount of blood to enter inside the aneurysm sac revealing scattered nonstagnant flow zones formation. Besides, time-dependent results of LCS analysis show that most of the blood flow is diverted into the main artery when 72- and 96-wire number Surpass brand FD stents are separately implanted into the site of the aneurysm, yielding a small amount of blood flow to penetrate into the aneurysm sac. Furthermore, FTLE and hyperbolic time field plots are in good agreement with the patient's digital subtraction angiography image captured 3.5 minutes after 72-wire Surpass brand FD stent implantation.

Fluid transportation and heat transfer analysis of PP/TiO2 nanocomposites in an internal mixer

The internal mixer is an important devise for processing the polymer nanocomposites acting as a chemical reactor. In this article, based on the computational fluid dynamics method, the fluid transportation and heat transfer analysis of sol–gel reaction processing for Polypropylene (PP)/TiO2 nanocomposites in the internal batch mixers with single-winged and two-winged Cam rotors were simulated. First, the Lagrangian coherent structure analysis was used to understand the fluid transport properties in the mixers. Then the effect of rotational speeds (ratios) and barrel temperatures on the heat transfer characteristics in the mixers with different rotors was analyzed. Also, the changes of viscous heating and torques of rotors with different thermal conditions in the mixers were discussed. Especially, the relationship between the fluid transportation and heat transfer characteristics was explored. The results show that a big rotor speed ratio can induce great fluid transportation in the left and right mixer chambers based on the Lagrangian coherent structure analysis, and the fluid near the horseshoe map has great folding effect and temperature magnitude. The viscous dissipation, viscous heat generation, and rotor torques in the mixers increase with increasing the rotational speeds and decrease with increasing the barrel temperatures. The mixer with two-winged rotors has higher average temperature, viscous dissipation, viscous heat generation and the torques of rotors values of reactive fluid than that with single-winged rotors.

Chaotic Manifold Analysis of Four-Screw Extruders Based on Lagrangian Coherent Structures.

The four-screw extruder (FSE) is a novel equipment for polymer processing. In this paper, from a new viewpoint of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS), two-dimensional fluid transport and chaotic mixing characteristics within three kinds of novel industrial FSEs are explored based on LCS to better understand the flow and mixing natures in the FSEs. Firstly, based on the finite-time invariant manifold theory, the finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) and LCS of FSEs are calculated by considering the different initial time. Hyperbolic LCSs from the FTLE maps are adopted to identify chaotic mixing manifolds in FSEs. Moreover, particle tracking and Poincaré sections are used to illustrate the different fluid motions in the above three isolated regions. Finally, the effects of relative rotating directions and layout of four screws on the chaotic manifolds in FESs are discussed in order to enhance local mixing performance. Furthermore, quantitative mixing measures, such as the segregation scale, logarithmic of stretching, and mean-time mixing efficiency are employed to compare the mixing efficiencies in three kinds of FSEs. The results show that the relative rotating directions and positions of four screws can change the chaotic manifolds and increase mixing performance in local poor mixing regions. FTLE and LCS analysis are helpful to better understand the chaotic mixing nature in the novel screw extruders.

The kinematic genesis of vortex formation due to finite rotation of a plate in still fluid

We present a combined experimental and numerical study of an idealized model of the propulsive stroke of the turning manoeuvre in fish. Specifically, we use the framework of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs) to describe the kinematics of the flow that results from a thin plate performing a large angle rotation about its tip in still fluid. Temporally and spatially well-resolved velocity fields are obtained using a two-dimensional, incompressible finite-volume solver, and are validated by comparisons with experimentally measured velocity fields and alternate numerical simulations. We then implement the recently proposed variational theory of LCSs to extract the hyperbolic and elliptic LCSs in the numerically generated velocity fields. Detailed LCS analysis is performed for a plate motion profile described by$\dot{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}(t)=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{max}\sin ^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}t)$during$0\leqslant t\leqslant t_{o}$and zero otherwise. The stopping time$t_{o}$is given by$t_{o}=\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}=10~\text{s}$, the value of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{max}$chosen to give a stopping angle of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}_{max}=90^{\circ }$, resulting in a Reynolds number$Re=c^{2}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FA}_{max}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=785.4$, where$c$is the plate chord length and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}=10^{-6}~\text{m}^{2}~\text{s}^{-1}$the kinematic viscosity of water. The flow comprises a starting and a stopping vortex, resulting in a pair of oppositely signed vortices of unequal strengths that move away from the plate in a direction closely aligned with the final plate orientation at$t/t_{o}\approx 2$. The hyperbolic LCSs are shown to encompass the fluid material that is advected away from the plate for$t>t_{o}$, henceforth referred to as the advected bulk. The starting and stopping vortices, identified using elliptic LCSs and hence more objective than Eulerian vortex detection methods, constitute only around two thirds of the advected bulk area. The advected bulk is traced back to$t=0$to identify five distinct lobes of fluid that eventually form the advected bulk, and hence map the long-term fate of various regions in the fluid at$t=0$. The five different lobes of fluid are then shown to be delineated by repelling LCS boundaries at$t=0$. The linear momentum of the advected bulk region is shown to account for approximately half of the total impulse experienced by the plate in the direction of its final orientation, thus establishing its dynamical significance. We provide direct experimental evidence for the kinematic relevance of hyperbolic and elliptic LCSs using novel dye visualization experiments, and also show that attracting hyperbolic LCSs provide objective characterization of the spiral structures often observed in vortical flows. We conclude by showing that qualitatively similar LCSs persist for several other plate motion profiles and stopping angles as well.

Detecting Vortex Formation and Shedding in Cylinder Wakes Using Lagrangian Coherent Structures

The wake behind a circular cylinder is studied to investigate the complex vortex shedding physics in the near-wake region. Both the criterion and a Lagrangian coherent structure analysis are applied to flowfields acquired from a numerical simulation, as well as from experimental particle image velocimetry to determine the properties of the wake. A rate-of-strain filter is applied to the finite-time Lyapunov exponent field to filter out ridges corresponding to local shear, and yields ridges along which fluid trajectories separate hyperbolically. This strain filter reveals a sudden loss of hyperbolicity along a Lagrangian coherent structure as a new vortex begins to form. The Lagrangian coherent structures are also shown to identify and track topological Lagrangian saddle points in the cylinder near wake. This information characterizes the behavior of the vortices as they form, shed, and convect downstream. In particular, a Lagrangian saddle point is observed to remain attached to the cylinder surface until the vortex separates, and then consequently accelerates downstream with a similar track in both numerical and experimental results. The present approach provides a novel criterion for the identification of vortex shedding.

Quantification of the blood mixing in the left ventricle using Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents

Thrombus formation is one of the major complications in myocardial infarction. One of the causes is known to be the regional hemostasis, i.e. the presence of zones where the intraventricular flow is characterised by low stretching of the fluid elements and low mixing. Though Finite Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) have been used both in vivo and in vitro to identify the overall features of cardiovascular flows by means of the Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS), they have been introduced in fluid dynamics as descriptors of mixing. Therefore, we investigate the alteration of the intraventricular mixing in an infarcted left ventricle by means of FTLE, looking for the signature of regional hemostasis. The study is carried out on 3D numerical simulations: a ventricle dyskinetic and dilated because of an ischemic pathology is compared to a healthy one and to another with a deviated inlet velocity profile, simulating the presence of a Mechanical Prosthetic Valve in anatomical position. The LCS analysis highlighted the key vortical structures of the flow and their evolution, revealing how they are affected by changes of the ventricle geometry and mobility. Afterwards, the FTLE statistics showed a similar behaviour in the healthy and deviated inlet cases, where hemostasis was not observed, although flow patterns were very different to each other. Conversely, the infarcted ventricle exhibited significantly different values of FTLE statistics, indicating a much lower mixing that is related to the presence of a stagnating region close to the apex. Such differences suggest that FTLE can be considered a potentially useful tool for the characterisation of the mixing properties of the intraventricular flow and, in particular, for the identification of regional hemostasis. Therefore, further investigations are needed to test the sensitivity and specificity of FTLE statistics to the severity of the pathology.

Lagrangian Coherent Structure Analysis of Terminal Winds: Three-Dimensionality, Intramodel Variations, and Flight Analyses

We present a study of three-dimensional Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) near the Hong Kong International Airport and relate to previous developments of two-dimensional (2D) LCS analyses. The LCS are contrasted among three independent models and against 2D coherent Doppler light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data. Addition of the velocity information perpendicular to the LIDAR scanning cone helps solidify flow structures inferred from previous studies; contrast among models reveals the intramodel variability; and comparison with flight data evaluates the performance among models in terms of Lagrangian analyses. We find that, while the three models and the LIDAR do recover similar features of the windshear experienced by a landing aircraft (along the landing trajectory), their Lagrangian signatures over the entire domain are quite different—a portion of each numerical model captures certain features resembling those LCS extracted from independent 2D LIDAR analyses based on observations.

Lagrangian coherent structures analysis of gas-liquid flow in a bubble column

The objective of this paper is to apply a new identifying method to investigating the gas-liquid two-phase flow behaviors in a bubble column with air injected into water. In the numerical simulations, the standard k-ɛ turbulence model is employed to describe the turbulence phenomenon occurring in the continuous fluid. The Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) are applied to analyze the vortex structures in multiphase flow. Reasonable agreements are obtained between the numerical and experimental data. The numerical results show that the evolution of gas-liquid in the column includes initial and periodical developing stages. During the initial stage, the bubble hose is forming and extending along the vertical direction with the vortex structures formed symmetrically. During the periodical developing stage, the bubble hose starts to oscillate periodically, and the vortexes move along the bubble hose to the bottom of column alternately. Compared to the Euler-system-based identification criterion of a vortex, the FTLE field presents the boundary of a vortex without any threshold defined and the LCS represents the divergence extent of infinite neighboring particles. During the initial stage, the interfaces between the forward and backward flows are highlighted by the LCS. As for the periodical developing stage, the LCS curls near the vortex centers, providing a method of analyzing a flow field from a dynamical system perspective.

The formation of turbulent vortex rings by synthetic jets

An investigation is made into the mechanism of pinch-off for turbulent vortex rings formed by a synthetic jet using time resolved particle image velocimetry measurements in air. During formation, measurements of the material acceleration field show a trailing pressure maximum (TPM) forms behind the vortex core. The adverse pressure gradient behind this TPM inhibits vorticity transport into the ring and the TPM is spatially coincident with the termination of vorticity flux into a control volume moving with the ring. A Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS) analysis is shown to be in agreement with the role of the TPM in pinch-off and in identifying the vortex ring before separation. The LCS analysis provides physical insights which form the basis of a revised model of pinch-off, based on kinematics, which predicts the time of formation (formation number) well for the present dataset. The delivery of impulse to the vortex ring is also considered. Two equally important mechanisms are shown to play a role: a material flux and a vortex force. In the case of long maximum stroke ratio, it is demonstrated that a vortex force continues to deliver impulse to the ring after the material flux is terminated at pinch-off and that this contribution may be substantial. This shows that the pinch-off and separation process cannot be considered impulse invariant, which has important implications for unsteady propulsion, present models of vortex ring formation, and existing explanations for vortex ring pinch-off.

Lagrangian Coherent Structure Analysis of Terminal Winds Detected by Lidar. Part II: Structure Evolution and Comparison with Flight Data

AbstractUsing observational data from coherent Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) systems situated at the Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA), the authors extract Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) intersecting the flight path of landing aircraft. They study the time evolution of LCS and compare them with onboard wind shear and altitude data collected during airplane approaches. Their results show good correlation between LCS extracted from the lidar data and updrafts and downdrafts experienced by landing aircraft. Overall, LCS analysis shows promise as a robust real-time tool to detect unsteady flow structures that impact airplane traffic.

Quantification of flows generated by the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria: a Lagrangian coherent structure analysis

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 435:111-123 (2011) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09212 Quantification of flows generated by the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria: a Lagrangian coherent structure analysis Kakani Katija1,4,*, Wesley T. Beaulieu2, Charlotte Regula3, Sean P. Colin3, John H. Costello2, John O. Dabiri1 1Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 2Biology, Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island 02918, USA 3Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island 02809, USA 4Present address: Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA *Email: kakani@whoi.edu ABSTRACT: Most oblate medusae use flow generated during swimming to capture prey. Quantification of their interactions with surrounding fluid is necessary to understand their feeding mechanics and to develop models to predict their predatory impact. In the present study, we quantified how the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria interacts with both its surrounding fluid and prey. The fluid interactions were examined in the laboratory and in natural field settings using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) measurements. The laboratory DPIV data were used to compute finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields, and Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) were extracted from the FTLE fields. The laboratory LCS analysis demonstrated that swimming A. victoria only encounter discrete packets of fluid originating upstream of the medusan bell. Based on the size of these packets, we estimated that the A. victoria examined have the potential to clear 11.4 l h–1. Used in conjunction with measured prey capture efficiencies, we estimated potential clearance rates on different prey types. These hydrodynamically based clearance rate estimates are consistent with previously measured empirical clearance rate estimates. Velocity vector and shear fields also suggested that the feeding current created by A. victoria may be more suitable for encountering copepods than previously thought. Although still preliminary, in situ DPIV data indicate that natural background flows may alter the encounter process from what is observed in still-water laboratory conditions. KEY WORDS: Lagrangian coherent structures · Medusae · Field measurements · Digital particle image velocimetry · Predator–prey interactions Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Katija K, Beaulieu WT, Regula C, Colin SP, Costello JH, Dabiri JO (2011) Quantification of flows generated by the hydromedusa Aequorea victoria: a Lagrangian coherent structure analysis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 435:111-123. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09212 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 435. Online publication date: August 22, 2011 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2011 Inter-Research.