Lagos Residents Research Articles

Municipal solid waste management in Lagos State: Expansion diffusion of awareness

This study examined the role of waste management authorities in promoting public awareness of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) through the lens of the expansion diffusion theory (EDT). EDT emphasizes the spread of new ideas and practices within a society through various communication channels and distinct individuals within each system. We employed a mixed-method approach using 116 survey responses from Lagos residents and five semi-structured in-depth interviews. Our findings reveal the need for a more structured approach to create public awareness of MSWM, considering the distinct groups of residents in Lagos and their responses to innovation and knowledge diffusion. We propose four pillars on which waste management authorities in developing countries can sustain their MSWM awareness campaigns, as well as an awareness campaign strategy flowchart. Our findings add to the expanding body of research on public awareness and participation in MSWM, emphasizing the critical role that waste management authorities can play in fostering sustainable waste management awareness and practices.

ISLAMIC MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN LAGOS STATE

The rate of inter-ethnic cum religious crises noted among the Lagos residents, such as political violence, communal feuds, and religious cum tribal intolerance to mention but a few are worrisome. The situation had led to not only the destruction of age-long acquired properties but loss of many lives of indigenes and other residents. Being the former capital, this phenomenon according to the study is believed to be the result of the economic prosperity nature of Lagos environment that gave rise to indiscriminate influx of people of diverse languages and sociocultural cum religious backgrounds into the state. Perhaps, because of the aforesaid, Lagos state in the recent past has witnessed occasional tensions of serial cases of ethnoreligious crisis arising from religious cum ethnic differences. This study delves into the dynamic challenges of inter-ethnic cum inter-religious cases within the metropolis of Lagos State, with a focus on the efficacy of Islamic mechanisms towards averting the reoccurring cases of ethno-religious mayhem in the state. The study highlights some historical events of the ethnoreligious crisis, its causes, and the negative effects it had on the victims. Further, the impacts of Islamic teachings, principles, and practices in reshaping the attitudes of Lagos residents towards interfaith and tribal relationships that will promote peaceful coexistence of the renew-hope-agenda of Nigeria were examined. The paper employed a survey and meta-analysis of relevant literature, and a historical analysis approach to x-ray the potentials of Islamic mechanisms towards promoting peace and harmony and mitigating the potential conflicts. This paper revealed that among the principal causes of ethnoreligious crises in the state, ethnic/tribal politics and religious bigotry played a pivotal role, which continues to witness changes in both the context and character of the residents with consequences of human disintegration and cohesion. It therefore recommends that establishing Islamic principles is key in conflict prevention, and sustenance of a violence-free society within the complex socio-religious landscape of Lagos State

Acceptability, hesitancy and willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccine among Lagos residents

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has plagued the world beginning from 2019 when it was first discovered, laudable efforts have been made by science to produce vaccines to mitigate the effects of this disease. This study sought to assess the knowledge of COVID-19 and vaccine acceptability, hesitancy, willingness to pay and associated factors among Lagos residents.Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive with a mixed methods approach. Respondents (2924) residing in Lagos were selected for the study using multi-stage sampling technique. Data collection was done using an intervieweradministeredquestionnaire for quantitative data and a focus group discussion guide for qualitative data. Quantitative data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 23, while qualitative data was analysed thematically.Results: The study revealed that most respondents (81%) were aware that COVID-19 vaccines are available in Nigeria. Two-thirds (67%) of the respondents were willing to receive the vaccine (acceptance) and 48.2% were vaccine hesitant. Willingness to pay for the vaccine was quite low (18%) and this was also reflected in the focus group discussions. Educational status, income, occupation and knowledge were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.Conclusion: The findings show higher than average rates of vaccine hesitancy although most respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19. Efforts by government agencies to improve community access to education, better occupations and incomes are recommended to improve vaccine acceptance.

Grappling with Bioeconomy Research and Discourse in Nigeria – Mixed Method to the Rescue

Abstract Very little is known about public understanding, awareness, and perception of bioeconomy in Nigeria where its adoption is scant. Addressing this problem, we adopted a mixed method research design study to investigate the level of understanding, perception, and awareness of bioeconomy and its products among 550 Lagos residents’, 500 survey respondents and 50 focus group participants. Results revealed self-assessed moderate understanding and positive perception of bioeconomy, but poor knowledge of bioeconomy products. The recommendation is that bioeconomy development initiatives should target improvement of individuals’ knowledge of bioeconomy, and awareness of bioeconomy products, and reinforce environmental benefits, and climate action attributable to bioeconomy to drive its adoption among the populace.

Vulnerable spaces, unequal responses: lessons for transformative climate resilience in Lagos

Urban coastal megacities like Lagos face flooding challenges that may be exacerbated by climate change in the future. Through an urban political ecology lens, this study engages with the dynamics of politics and power that produce differentiated flood impacts and adaptation strategies. Data from telephone interviews of 21 Lagos residents across the mainland and island areas reveal people's understanding of their flood vulnerabilities within the wider socio-political context of Lagos. In particular, state failure in the provisioning of services, amenities, and overall flood protection, shapes flood risk in Lagos. In addition, income and access to material resources inform people's experiences and ability to cope with flooding. Furthermore, citizens apply localized strategies to prepare for and cope with flooding events, particularly through Community Development Associations (CDAs). These localized strategies have implications for transformative resilience. However, these forms of endogenous resilience cannot replace attention to wider urban governance challenges in cities like Lagos.

Exploring Festac Town, Lagos Residents’ Observations on Crime and the Influx of Unskilled Migrants from Northern Nigeria and other Illegal Migrants from Sahel Region

Exploring Festac Town, Lagos Residents’ Observations on Crime and the Influx of Unskilled Migrants from Northern Nigeria and other Illegal Migrants from Sahel Region

Flood risk perceptions and future migration intentions of Lagos residents

Coastal communities across the world face intense and frequent flooding due to the rise in extreme rainfall and storm surges associated with climate change. Adaptation is therefore crucial to manage the growing threat to coastal communities and cities. This case study focuses on Lagos, Nigeria, one of the world's largest urban centers where rapid urbanization, poor urban planning, degrading infrastructure, and inadequate preparedness compounds flood vulnerability. We situate flood risk perceptions within the context of climate-induced mobilities in Lagos, which no study has done, filling a necessary knowledge gap. Furthermore, we apply a unique approach to flood risk perception and its linkage to migration, by using three measures of risk – affect, probability, and consequence, as opposed to a singular measure. Results show that the affect measure of flood risk perception is significantly higher than probability and consequence measures. Furthermore, flood risk perception is shaped by prior experiences with flooding and proximity to hazard. The effect of proximity on risk perception differs across the three measures. We also found that flood risk perceptions and future migration intentions are positively correlated. These results demonstrate the usefulness of using multiple measures to assess flood risk perceptions, offering multiple pathways for targeted interventions and flood risk communication.

Distribution of Cancer and Cancer Screening and Treatment Services in Lagos: A 10-Year Review of Hospital Records.

In Lagos State, Nigeria, the population distribution of cancers is poorly described because studies are conducted at a few tertiary hospitals. Therefore, this study aims to map all health facilities where cancer screening takes place and describe the cases of cancer screened for and treated. A cross-sectional survey to identify facilities involved in screening and management of cancers was performed followed by extraction of data on individual cases of cancer screened for and treated at these facilities from 2011 to 2020. All health care facilities in the state were visited, and the survey was performed using standardized national tools modified to capture additional information on cancer screening and treatment. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 14 and R version 3.6.3. Cervical cancer was the commonest cancer, accounting for 55% of 2,420 cancers screened, followed by breast (41%), prostate (4%), and colorectal cancers (0.2%). Of the 7,682 cancers treated among Lagos residents, the top five were breast (45%), colorectal (8%), cervical (8%), prostate (5%), and ovarian (4%). The female:male ratio of cancer cases was 3:1. The peak age for cancer among females and males was in the 40- to 49-year age group and 60- to 69-year age group, respectively. The Ikorodu local government area had the highest rate of reported cancer per million population. Cancer screening is poor with a significant gap in screening for breast cancer since it is the commonest cancer in the state. The findings indicate the urgent need for the establishment of organized screening programs for the predominant cancers in the state and the prioritization of cancer research that addresses key policy and program questions.

Food values influencing consumers' decisions in a sub-Saharan African country

PurposeGiven food industry manufacturers and retailers' growing economic interest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this research aims to contribute to the understanding of consumer food decisions in this specific geographical area. Thus, the intention is to analyze whether there are significant differences in the appreciation of food values according to certain key demographics of consumers (related to the individual and the context) in one of the largest SSA economies: Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe review of the relevant literature enabled us to propose a series of hypotheses regarding potential significant differences in the appreciation of a series of food values (in particular, price, safety, environmental impact, nutrition and weight and measures) according to variables related to the individual and the economic and social context. In order to test the hypotheses, a structured questionnaire was personally administered to 500 Lagos residents between June and July 2020. The questionnaire contained, as well as diverse questions related to the appreciation of food values selected for this study, a group of questions about the consumers' sociodemographic characteristics – at both the individual and context level. The database was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kruskal–Wallis tests.FindingsThe results show that nutrition and weight and measurement values are the most and least appreciated food values, respectively. However, these values differ across segments determined by the chosen sociodemographic variables.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this study are preliminary and not a complete representation of the Lagos State population, and, consequently, of the Nigerian population. Additional studies in the same and other countries in SSA are needed to confirm the authors’ findings. The results, however, provide an insight into what the most likely outcomes are. A field survey was used as respondents tend not to answer online surveys spontaneously.Practical implicationsFood manufacturers and retailers should encourage consumer-operator feedback mechanisms to improve product characteristics and development. The variations found across each segment can be capitalized upon for advertising and branding food products.Originality/valueHaving selected a country in SSA for the study is an important contribution, given that few studies have focused on this geographical area.

Impact of Event Tourism on Lagos Residents Image

This research work is on the impact of Event Tourism on Lagos Residents image.Event Tourism is a process of traveling to witness an event being celebrated at a specific geographical area's. Residents image are how people look at a group of people based on their lifestyle. Problem of study was identified by many author's who suggested that Event Tourism can lead to people leaving there place of residence to another residence thereby observing how they behave rather than hearsay.The general objective investigated the Impact of Event Tourism on residence.The data was gathered through the use of questionnaire and findings revealed that Event Tourism have a significant relationship with residence behaviors and that leads to positive image created.The researchers concludes that no community could create higher image without Event Tourism attraction. Thereby recommend that other communities should adopt Event celebration methods as a way of creating higher image about them.

Impact Of Event Tourism On Lagos Residents Image

This research work is on the impact of Event Tourism on Lagos Residents image.Event Tourism is a process of traveling to witness an event being celebrated at a specific geographical area's. Residents image are how people look at a group of people based on their lifestyle. Problem of study was identified by many author's who suggested that Event Tourism can lead to people leaving there place of residence to another residence thereby observing how they behave rather than hearsay.The general objective investigated the Impact of Event Tourism on residence.The data was gathered through the use of questionnaire and findings revealed that Event Tourism have a significant relationship with residence behaviors and that leads to positive image created.The researchers concludes that no community could create higher image without Event Tourism attraction. Thereby recommend that other communities should adopt Event celebration methods as a way of creating higher image about them.

Empirical Analysis of Rational Expectation and Permanent Income Hypothesis in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study empirically analyses the rational expectation and permanent income hypothesis (PIH) in Lagos State, Nigeria using the ordinary least square method to estimate the long-run relationship and parsimonious error correction model to estimate short-run impacts. Our findings show that permanent income influences permanent monthly consumption in the short and long run but permanent monthly income does not impact temporary monthly consumption both in the short and long run. Financial regulation may be necessary to prevent a significant fall in the value of the portfolio of asset holdings by Lagos residents.

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of Social Media Impact on Lagos Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic

Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) of Social Media Impact on Lagos Residents during COVID-19 Pandemic

Hand hygiene practices in the context of Ebola virus disease: A cross-sectional survey of Lagos residents.

The Ebola virus disease outbreak that ravaged parts of West Africa has been described as the most severe acute public health emergency seen in modern times. Hand washing was promoted among other measures for infection prevention. This study assessed the awareness of Ebola virus disease and hand-washing practices among Lagos residents, southwest Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used. A total of 1982 respondents aged 18 ⩾ years were selected using a multi stage sampling technique. An interviewer-administered, pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection between August and November 2015. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22, with level of significance set at 0.05. Almost all (97.3%) respondents were aware of Ebola virus disease, with over half of respondents having heard about it from television. A majority of 1890 (95.4%) respondents were aware of the importance of hand washing in disease prevention. Similarly, high proportions of respondents were aware they should wash their hands after an outing, toilet use, touching pets, before and after meals, while 1628 (82.1%) of respondents knew to wash their hands after a hand shake. However, less than half of respondents (38.8%) always washed their hands after handshakes. A majority of respondents surveyed were aware of Ebola virus disease and hand washing, but the practice of hand washing, which is key in prevention of infection, lagged behind the knowledge of the respondents.

Parasitic infections and risk factors associated with Amoebiasis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in primary health care centres in Lagos Mainland, Lagos, Nigeria

The prevalence of amoebiasis was investigated among pregnant women using a gold standard microscopy method. Stool samples were collected from pregnant women, from two primary health care centers (Iwaya and Ebute-metta). The study involved 203 pregnant women during their visits to the antenatal clinic in Primary health centres at Lagos Mainland from June – October, 2016. Each participant was interviewed using questionnaires to relate prevalence and risk factors to their socio-demographic characteristics. Among these pregnant women, 120 respondents provided their stool samples and this was parasitologically screened with 0.8% prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection, 7.5% with Entamoeba Coli, 0.5% with Ascaris lumbricoides, and 0.8% infection with Hookworm. A prevalence of 0.8% for the mixed infection of Ascaris lumbricoides with Entamoeba histolytica, and a prevalence of 1.7% for the mixed infection of Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica was recorded. Significant association (p<0.05), was established between infection and diarrhoea, and the residence of the pregnantwomen.Socio - demographic factors like age, sex, socio-economic status, type of toilet, source of drinking water (p>0.05) showed no significant association with amoebiasis prevalence. In conclusion, E. histolytica infection is generally low in Lagos state owing to good environmental sanitation within Lagos metropolis. Efforts should therefore be geared towards its elimination by provision of water for Lagos residents.

Making Modern Girls: A History of Girlhood, Labor, and Social Development in Colonial Lagos, by Abosede A. George

Making Modern Girls: A History of Girlhood, Labor, and Social Development in Colonial Lagos, by Abosede A. George. Athens, Ohio University Press, 2014. x, 301 pp. $80.00 US (cloth), $32.95 US (paper). Making Modern Girls is a history of girlhood and the fascinating contestations that played out in colonial Lagos over the meanings of childhood more generally. Beginning with the Alien Children Registration Ordinance of 1877, which sought to register and protect children who were new arrivals to the colony, Abosede A. George traces the ways in which government officials constructed African children as distinct colonial subjects and themselves as benevolent caretakers. Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, the colonial state was determined to articulate a form of governance based on saving Africans from each other and from their own repugnant practices (p. 6). Much of their focus was on saving those whom they deemed the most vulnerable, namely, girl children. As George clearly demonstrates, the colonial state was not alone in their efforts to save young girls. Elite women reformers also sought to improve the lives of working-class girls, although their strategies were not always in line with those of the state. Both groups had competing visions of what it would take to save them. George approaches the history of girls and girlhood through the lens of labour, focusing on the constitutive relationship between gender, class, generation, and work. Because of the dearth of scholarship focusing on girls as historical subjects, the author had to determine the different types of work that girls performed in public spaces and how adults responded to their labour. To determine what people actually thought about African girlhood in colonial Lagos, George consulted a wide variety of archival and oral sources including maps, audio recordings, newspaper accounts, photographs, literary sources, juvenile court records, organizational reports, and government documents, among others. Given that most of her sources were biased toward juvenile delinquents, especially boys, the author had to conduct several rounds of interviews with Lagos residents. She was able to speak with elderly women who had been hawkers between the 1930s and 1950s, as well as others who spoke more generally about issues related to problem youth during this period. These interviews allowed her to begin making sense of the gendered silences that exist within the archival record. Making Modern Girls is organized into seven main chapters, as well as an introduction and a conclusion. In the first chapter, the author introduces readers to the elite women reformers who sought to modernize working-class girlhood in colonial Lagos. …

Inverse Relationship between the Volume of Intra-City Travel Pattern and the Use of Global System Mobile Commmunication (GSM) in Lagos, Nigeria

Telecommunication is the growing enabler of activities at a distance. Its highest value is in helping us allocate our limited time and attention with the associated requirement of movement between various locations. Telecommunication facilitates a better level of proximity to the people and places we care about. However, this only happens when we consciously focus our use of telecommunication facility like GSM on deciding where and with whom we should be physically close. In spite of the widespread use of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), its influence on various aspects of the society is yet to be empirically investigated. In particular, the inverse relationship between the volume of intra-city trip patterns and the use of Global System for Mobile Communication of the Lagos residents. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. A survey design was adopted. The study sample consisted of 2,500 households in Lagos metropolis. The questionnaire was administered in direct proportion to the population size of each of Local Government Areas (LGAs). Systematic sampling technique was used to select every tenth building on the identified streets. In a multi-family dwelling, random sampling was used to select one household. The household head or his/her representative was interviewed on intra-city trip patterns of GSM-owners of the household. The data collected were analyzed using simple linear regression and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) .The usage of GSM generated almost two (β=l.72) trips per call and there was a significant relationship between the volume of trips and GSM usage (F 1 13 =5.72, p≤ 0.05). It is therefore recommended that transport planners in Lagos need to develop alternative intra-city transport systems. This can be achieved through a shift to the development of other land transport systems by policy makers. Key Words: Travel patterns, Global System for Mobile Communication, Intra-city trips, Policy makers, Lagos.

Prevalence, Awareness and Factors Associated with Hypertension among Adult Residents in Lagos: A Population Based Study

Background: Hypertension is a global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is estimated that 75% of the world hypertensive patients in 2025 will be in developing Original Research Article Daniel et al.; BJMMR, 8(10): 874-882, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.518 875 countries including Nigeria. There is need to understand the nature of the epidemic and institute control measures to reverse the increasing tide of the disease in developing countries. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey carried out among Lagos residents between May and June 2012 in four Local Government Areas namely Alimosho, Mushin, Ajegunle/Ifelodun and Kosofe. The study variables were age, sex, occupation, education, marital status, religion and BMI while the outcome variable were frequency of hypertension and mean blood pressure. Statistical analysis included the use of proportions, percentages, chi-square, ‘t’ test and logistic regression using SPSS version 21 Results: A total of 4088 adults aged between 20-81 years (male = 1465 and females= 2623) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 40.9%. Hypertension increased with age in both males and females. Of the 1673 respondents identified as having hypertension, only 316 (18.9%) respondents were previously aware of their diagnosis. Of the 316 known hypertensive patients, only 20 (6.3%) had their blood pressure within the normal range. Age, gender, marital status and BMI were socio-demographic factors associated with hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and obesity were found to be high in Lagos state. The need for public health actions to avert the consequences of the high prevalence of hypertension.cannot be over-emphasized.

Municipal household solid waste collection strategies in an African megacity: analysis of public private partnership performance in Lagos.

Managing municipal solid waste is a pervasive urban problem globally. While several strategies have been applied for efficient municipal solid waste management in developing economies, their performance level has not been critically investigated. Among these strategies, the public private partnership has widest appeal. This study examines the performance of public private partnership in household solid waste collection in Lagos, Nigeria. We collected primary data using a municipal solid waste survey in three residential density areas of Lagos megacity. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Two indexes of service performance, namely the service reliability index and operational quality index, were created to produce evidence on public private partnership performance in municipal solid waste collection in Lagos. Results show that the average amount of household solid waste generation per week ranges between 22.75 kg in the medium residential density area and 30.39 kg in the high residential density region of the city. The estimated per capita waste generated in Lagos Megacity is 0.95 kg day(-1). Regression models indicate that the public private partnership performance is significantly influenced by economic status, affordability, flexibility, consistency, cleanliness, coverage and accessibility, as well as number of waste collection vehicles, vehicle maintenance, capacity, trip rate, frequency, number of personnel and quality of personnel. Findings from this study reveal that Lagos residents have strong positive perception of public private partnership as a waste collection policy framework. The study has important policy and practical implications for urban waste management, public health and sustainability in developing economies.

English

  Good governance is now recognised in a manner like never before, as a necessary condition for economic growth and poverty reduction. The focus of this paper therefore is to evaluate the effect of urban governance on the condition and provision of infrastructural services including citizens’ perception of service delivery in metropolitan Lagos. The study is a survey research designed to obtain information from Lagos residents on the quality of governance in the city including the extent of stakeholder involvement in decision making. Structured questionnaires were distributed to two groups of 400 and 1040 households respectively. There was also a survey of the impact of road improvement on business premises. Findings from the study indicated that infrastructure provision in Lagos is supply-driven and that poor governance adversely affects business activities and economic development. Demand-side management in infrastructure provision and stakeholder communication and participation are highly recommended.   Key words: Infrastructure services, Lagos, Management, Stakeholder communication, urban governance, urban management.