Lagos Region Research Articles

Parenting and other potential protective factors associated with polysubstance use among public school students in Lagos, Nigeria.

Substance use is a growing problem in Nigeria. The present study extended recent work documenting the importance of parenting as protective against substance use in Nigerian youth by testing a model linking parenting, additional protective factors and polysubstance use. Public school students (N = 1607; 56% female; M age = 14.88; SD = .44 years) living in the greater Lagos region participated in school-based data collection. Lifetime polysubstance use, defined as use of two or more substances including alcohol or illicit drugs, or misuse of over-the-counter medications, was reported by 5.2% of the sample. Structural equation modelling that accounted for adolescent age and sex on all constructs revealed good model fit. Positive parenting (support and solicitation) was significantly associated with higher perceived harmfulness of substance use, religiosity and positive relationships at school. Positive school relationships were associated with a decreased likelihood of polysubstance use. Multiple group analysis revealed no overall sex differences in the model paths. Strengthening parent-adolescent relationships may have a cascading effect on protective factors and subsequent substance use, and should be included in youth substance use prevention programmes.

How strong is your social capital? Interactions in a non-transparent entrepreneurial ecosystem

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the strength and value-relevance of social capital in an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) provides a new perspective to explaining the configurations and interactions that shape entrepreneurial outcomes in regions. Research on the nature of interactions in EEs is still an ongoing debate. The authors draw from “organisational fields” studies to critically examine the interactions among actors in a non-transparent EE using the case of the Lagos region.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on a qualitative study of 40 semi-structured interviews with various ecosystem actors in the Lagos region, including financiers, government officials, universities, founders and venture capitalists. Additionally, data from the semi-structured interviews were triangulated with data obtained from a two-day focus group discussion Summit where Lagos’ EE issues were raised. This study analysed both data using thematic analysis.FindingsThis study suggests that in a non-transparent EE, four types of interactions are apparent: collaborative, stratified, clustered and unleveraged. Authors argue that in a non-transparent EE, there are blockages and distortions in the flow of resources to entrepreneurs and a higher proportion of entrepreneurs are unable to plug into the ecosystem to extract value for their businesses without a strong social capital.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that entrepreneurs require deliberate effort to improve structural and relational social capital to plug into their ecosystem to extract value for their businesses.Originality/valueThe focus on interaction in a non-transparent EE is a novel approach to studying interactions within EEs. In addition, the study is an early attempt to explore entrepreneurial interactions within the Lagos region.

Management of Public Policies for Sports and Leisure in the Região dos Lagos-RJ: An Analysis of the Beach Sports Field from Bourdieusian Theories

Through Pierre Bourdieu's theories linked to the social field, it is possible to understand politics, sport and sports management as distinct fields, which are integrated to give rise to a subfield of these areas: public policies for sport and leisure. The objective of this work is to identify the importance of sports management and public policies for sports and leisure to promote the habitus of body practices at the beach, understanding these as the maximum expression of the identity of social agents in this field. Nevertheless, it is necessary to recognize that the corporal practices carried out in the beach regions constitute their own habitus in a specific field: the beach field. This essay is an integral part of an ongoing doctoral project in ​​Exercise and Sport Sciences carried out at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. This is mixed research, whose instruments will be triangulated to identify the public policies of sport and leisure in the Lagos Region, relating them to the beach sports habitus and the community protagonism originating from the local school curriculum. Public policies in the field of sport and leisure are recent and, in the same way, sports management in this field is still quite incipient. The scarcity of financial resources is almost always present in the discourses of sports management as a way of justifying the small or unsustainable public policies aimed at the area. However, many other reasons justify the inefficiency or non-existence of programs focused, above all, on educational sport and/or sport-participation, which may consider the marketing bias of sport in Brazil, corruption in the area and the lack of sports managers in these programs as being some of these reasons. On the other hand, when taking into account the local habitus, policies that consider community protagonism important, qualified managers and efficient programs, there are enough elements in the beach sports field to impact the quality of life, education, leisure and even in high-performance sport, albeit indirectly.

Infrastructural Facilities and Industrial Development: An Empirical Investigation in the Lagos Region

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: Investment in infrastructural facilities has the capacity to create an enabling environment to stimulate business and industrial activities. Nevertheless, there are a few studies on the impact of infrastructural facilities on industrial development in developing countries. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of infrastructural facilities on industrial development in Lagos State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: One hundred and three questionnaires were administered to the selected companies through the use of multi-stage sampling techniques across the industrial zones. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics while ANOVA, Stepwise Regression, and correlation were used to investigate the research hypothesis. Results: The research shows that the impact of infrastructure on research and development is poor, while the infrastructural impact on the ease of production is averagely significant. Using Stepwise regression, the study revealed that ease of production (89.7%), productivity (1.1%), and industrial expansion (1.5%) were the major areas of industrial development that were positively impacted while research and development and workers’ morale were not positively impacted. The result of Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient shows that a relationship exists between infrastructural facilities and industrial development of the Lagos region (r= 0.880; p-value=0.000) at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusions: The study concluded that adequacy of infrastructural facilities positively enhances and boosts the industrial potential of the study area.

Acute effects of myofascial release and static stretching on handgrip strength in jiu-jitsu fighters

This study aimed to compare the techniques of myofascial release and static stretching on the handgrip strength of jiu-jitsu fighters. Ten jiu-jitsu athletes (age 29.9 ± 7.4 years; height 1.74 ± 0.06 m; body mass 77.50 ± 9.89 kg; BMI 25.63 ± 2.13 kg/m2) from an academy in the Lagos Region, RJ, Brazil, participated in this study. Left handgrip strength (LHS) and right handgrip strength (RHS) were analyzed through a dynamometer. Participants underwent manual myofascial release, myofascial release with suction cups, and maximum static stretching. The techniques were applied in three days with an interval of 1 week each, with random drawing, on the day of the intervention. No significant differences were found between the measurements of the dynamometry values after the manual myofascial release and myofascial release with suction cups; however, the handgrip measures concerning the static stretching were reduced (LHS: p < 0.001; RHS: p = 0.002). It was observed that the technique of maximum static stretching showed a significant reduction in the left handgrip strength (Δ% LHS) when compared to the manual myofascial release (p = 0.004) and the myofascial release with suction cups (p = 0.049). There were no significant differences between the myofascial release techniques. Myofascial release did not affect handgrip strength. However, the use of maximum static stretching showed a reduction in handgrip strength in the non-dominant hand of the jiu-jitsu fighters.

Urban flood vulnerability mapping of part of the Lagos metropolis

Abstract. Flooding is the most common of all environmental hazards with vast devastating effect due to enormous losses to lives and properties world-wide, annually. Thus, the effect of extreme flooding is dramatic, not only at the individual household level, but in the country as a whole. This study focuses on flood risk assessment based on urban and coastal flood estimation due to the physical peculiarity of the Lagos region and her urbanization characteristics. It involves creating a flood change detection using GIS approach with the aid of a Cellular Automation Framework to simulate flooding in Lagos Metropolitan area, mapping out the flood prone areas and generating a flood vulnerability map for flood management and planning purposes. At twenty minutes intervals the discharge distribution for the different flow regimes (Low, Medium and Extreme) display flow duration between 60–120 min while the time of concentration is attained at 1 h 20 min (80 min).

Assessment of railtrack geometry of Iddo – Mushin corridor Lagos region

Assessment of railtrack geometry of Iddo – Mushin corridor Lagos region

Quality of water resources in the Niger basin and in the region of Lagos (Nigeria)

Abstract Water quality studies in Nigeria are usually conducted at local scales and limited to a restricted number of chemical contaminants, while reliable data on trace metal concentrations (including arsenic) are relatively scarce. This study focuses on the quality of available renewable water resources in terms of major ion and trace element concentrations at selected sampling locations in the Lower River Niger basin and part of the Lagos region. A screening of water contamination by arsenic and heavy metals was carried out through water sampling at selected locations using in situ measurement and laboratory testing to estimate heavy metal concentrations and water type. The analysis reveals moderate trace element contamination of the water resources, with the exception of Pb, while Mn and, to a lesser extent, Al exceeded WHO quality standards, but the Arsenic concentrations are within drinking water quality standards and are safe for consumption and irrigation, while the water type is Bicarbonate.

Seasonal variations of water quality in a highly populated drainage basin, SE Brazil: water chemistry assessment and geochemical modeling approaches

The Sao Joao Drainage Basin is a very important and strategic waterbody located in the Lagos Region, Rio de Janeiro State, one of the most popular tourist regions of Brazil. However, the fast economic and subsequent population growth in that region has created untreated wastes from several anthropogenic activities, which include the trace metals disposal into the surface waterbody. This study aims to relate the major ions and trace metals behavior during a 1-year sampling campaign and to provide information about the sources of chemical constituents and the factors that control their concentrations in the three main fluvial compartments of the drainage basin, including the Juturnaiba Reservoir which has a crucial role for water supply in the Lagos Region. The chemical data reveal that rainfall is the main factor responsible for the physicochemical parameters and the water dissolved constituent’s variations. The geological and anthropogenic factors which are the main sources of water constituents were assessed by the Inorganic Chemical Index. Those data corroborate the great influence of rainfall and reveal the importance of anthropogenic sources of chemical constituents in some parts of the Juturnaiba Reservoir. The geochemical modeling suggests that hydrolysis reactions are primarily responsible for the trace metals availability in the three fluvial compartments in both dry and wet seasons, followed by carbonate and sulfate complexation.

Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Pada Unit Pel ayanan Pendapatan Daerah Pontianak Wilayah I

The aim of this study was to determine the quality of taxpayer service vehicles on Revenue Services Unit Lagos Region I. The method used in this research is descriptive. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and questionnaires. The sample of 100 persons of the population in the form of compulsory motor vehicle tax. Sampling technique is purposive. Analysis tool used is Service Quality (SERVQUAL). The analysis showed that the quality of service is not satisfactory for the respondent. It can be seen through a comparison of the scores obtained by the perception of -0.508, while the expectation of which amounted to -0.55.

Review article: A review and critical analysis of the efforts towards urban flood risk management in the Lagos region of Nigeria

Abstract. Urban flooding has been and will continue to be a significant problem for many cities across the developed and developing world. Crucial to the amelioration of the effects of these floods is the need to formulate a sound flood management policy, which is driven by knowledge of the frequency and magnitude of impacts of these floods. Within the area of flood research, attempts are being made to gain a better understanding of the causes, impacts, and pattern of urban flooding. According to the United Nations office for disaster reduction (UNISDR), flood risk is conceptualized on the basis of three integral components which are frequently adopted during flood damage estimation. These components are: probability of flood hazard, the level of exposure, and vulnerabilities of elements at risk. Reducing the severity of each of these components is the objective of flood risk management under the UNISDR guideline and idea of “living with floods”. On the basis of this framework, the present research reviews flood risk within the Lagos area of Nigeria over the period 1968–2012. During this period, floods have caused harm to millions of people physically, emotionally, and economically. Arguably over this period the efforts of stakeholders to address the challenges appear to have been limited by, amongst other things, a lack of reliable data, a lack of awareness amongst the population affected, and a lack of knowledge of flood risk mitigation. It is the aim of this research to assess the current understanding of flood risk and management in Lagos and to offer recommendations towards future guidance.

The place of firms investment in agglomeration economies amongst insutries in the Lagos region, Nigeria

The place of firms investment in agglomeration economies amongst insutries in the Lagos region, Nigeria

Temporal Trends in Agglomeration Economies amongst Firms in the Lagos Region, Nigeria

This paper examined the temporal trends in agglomeration economies amongst firms, using the Lagos region as a case study. The primary data were collected in two different stages; the reconnaissance survey and questionnaire administration. All the 103 firms recognized in the twelve industrial estates during the reconnaissance survey were covered in the questionnaire administration. Secondary data such as the number of industrial estates and number of firms in each industrial estate were collected from Lagos state Ministry of Commerce and Industry and Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning. The paper reveals tremendous agglomeration benefits between 2008 and 2012, in the forms of transportation economies, collaboration in Research and Development (R&amp;D), labour economies, raw material purchase/supply economies, water supply economies, power economies, security economies, joint ports and shipping, waste treatment economies, telecommunication economies and access to financial institutions. It also reveals that agglomeration economies were highest in 2009. The paper concluded that agglomeration policy could be a potent tool of economic revival, through its multiplier effects on the economy of a region. It is however recommended that agglomeration of firms should be encouraged and strengthened through active participation of government in the industrial sector, giving tax holiday to younger investors, making the location factors to be liberal, relaxing the laws governing the importation of some raw materials, as such assistance can have positive impact on productions. Financial aids should be given to these industries in form of loan, while the collateral securities should be made affordable for the investors. Agglomeration policy could be further harnessed to launch African countries into the desired goal of rapid industrialization, and also, help to significantly transform the economy of the continent.Key words: Agglomeration Economies, Firms, Lagos Region, Temporal trends, Regional innovation, Economy.

Marine debris ingestion by Magellanic penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus (Aves: Sphenisciformes), from the Brazilian coastal zone

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) are non-breeding winter visitors to the Brazilian coast. In 2008 and 2010, plastic items and other marine debris were found in the stomachs and intestines of 15% of 175 dead penguins collected in the Lagos Region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. One bird had its stomach perforated by a plastic straw, which may have caused its death. There are few records of penguins ingesting plastic litter, but previous studies have found similar levels of debris ingestion among Magellanic penguins stranded on the Brazilian coast (35.8% of 397 birds). The high incidence of marine debris in this species in Brazil may result at least in part from the predominance of juveniles reaching these waters, as juvenile penguins may have a broader diet than adults. It is unclear to what extent plastic ingestion affects the mortality rate in this species and whether the incidence in stranded birds reflects that in the entire population. The present study addresses the increasing impact of plastic debris on marine life.

Cianobactérias e outros componentes das esteiras microbianas lisas da lagoa Pitanguinha, Região dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

CYANOBACTERIA AND OTHER COMPONENTS IN THE SMOOTH MICROBIAL MATS FROM PITANGUINHA LAGOON, LAGOS REGION, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. Pitanguinha Laggon is part of a set of small hipersaline lagoons known as Lagos region, placed in the northern Rio de Janeiro littoral, near Araruama city. They are genetically related to the last Quaternary glacial events and the sea level changes. The microbial mats formed around their margins are being affected by the advance of urbanisation and by salting exploration and are now threatened. The climatic conditions, with a semi-arid climate and warm temperatures stimulate the high evaporation rate. Many kinds of algalic mats growing up in their bottoms, associated with bioclastics and the lithified substrate of the lagoon. The composition of the smooth microbial mats and the associated organic rests are analyzed in this work. The study was carried out monthly on five sampling stations. The mats are stratified and filamentous forms dominante in the upper layer. Thirty seven species of cyanobacteria were identified, being Lyngbya aestuarii Liebman ex Gomont (1892) the more frequent. Specimens of Synechococcaceae Komarek and Anagnostidis, 1995 are the most abundant. Shells of bivalves, gastropods, foraminifers and ostracods occur together as associated bioclasts and have a critical role in the structure of the mats, being the source of calcium carbonate resulting from the chemically and physical action of the cyanobacteria over their skeletal remains. It attests that the cyanobacteria are the primary producers, located at the basis of the microbial food web in the microbial mats.

Growth pattern and the industrial development of the lagos region, nigeria

This paper examines the nature, growth and spatial pattern of industries within the Lagos Region. Industrial activities in this region grew progressively over the year from mere brickwork, palm oil mills, printing press, soap factory, and metal container factory to capital intensive manufacturing. Indeed, the number of industrial establishments increased from 122 in 1962 to 637 in 1993. Lagos developed into Nigeria's leading industrial center; especially following the expansion in its service and administrative sectors. Whereas, chemicals and pharmaceutical; and basic metal, iron and steel and fabricated metal products industry groups dominate in industrial scene, wood and wood products (including furniture); and non-metallic mineral products are rare. The spatial pattern shows that industrial establishments vary amongst the industrial estates/areas, and also among the industry groups. Ikeja/Ogballsheri industrial estate/area dominates the industrial scene.

Temporal Trend in Production Subcontracting in Nigeria

This paper examines the temporal trend, that is, the growth in production subcontracting over the years in Nigeria. The relevant concepts are production subcontracting and diffusion of innovation. Data were collected from the sixtyeight contracting firms among 15 industrial estates/areas in the Lagos region. This paper shows that the growth in the number of contractors/subcontractors, which was gradual at the initial stage, became more rapid thereafter. The results of the regression/correlation analyses carried out, using the year as the dependent variable and the number of contractors/subcontractors as the independent variable are significant at 0.0001 per.cent level at both the aggregate level and the level of the Lagos region. The study shows that if encouraged, production subcontracting could be used to enhance the industrial development of Nigeria.

5. Africa

M. and E. ORTIGUES explored the meaning of the Oedipus complex among Islamic tribal Senegalese. They suggest that for the Senegalese under study, rivalry of the son with his father is systematically displaced on to brothers, cousins and peers; that agressiveness is principally expressed in the form of persecutory ideas; and that separation anxiety appears to be the dominant equivalent of castration anxiety. R. GIEL and his associates reporting from Ethiopia stress the difficulties of establishing rapport with patients and of evaluating the clinical significance of the dramatically described and ethnically determined symptomatology. In a paper dealing with guilt emanating from transgression of culturally approved norms of sexual behavior, R. M. WINTROB suggests that in Liberia severe depressive symptomatology is warded off by displacement and projection. These ego-defence mechanisms give rise to a highly systematized complex of culturally shared beliefs in possession by malevolent supernatural powers. A. BOROFFKA describes a rapid increase in the habit of Cannabis smoking in the Lagos region of Nigeria. This increase is most notable among skilled workers, semi-Westernized and semi-alienated from traditional group membership. R. J. M. COLLIS in his study of mentally ill Yoruba patients explored the importance of physical illness, especially of lowgrade parasitic infection, for the development of psychopathology and for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. He utilized placebos, measures to counteract organic pathology, and psychopharmaceuticals as comparative treatment procedures and obtained highest levels of improvement with psychopharmaceuticals. S. K. WEINBERG noted in Ghana a recent decline in social status of native healers and an increasing tendency of the urban popu lation to consult faith healers for the treatment of mental disorders. He attri butes the decline in the social status of the native healers to detribalization, internal disorganization of the 'profession', official government discouragement and the spread of competing therapies. Based on clinical material and obser vations in the field, T. A. BAASHER describes folk treatment procedures in the Sudan; he analyzes in particular the relative therapeutic efficacy of the Zar cult, of witchcraft and of Islamic faith healing.