Lactobacilli Of Human Origin Research Articles

Effectiveness of human-origin Lactobacillus plantarum PL-02 in improving muscle mass, exercise performance and anti-fatigue

Gut microbiota is very important for energy metabolism and regulation, which in turn affect the health and physiological functions of the host, and provide energy required for exercise. Supplementation with probiotics may be one of the ways to change the gut microbiota. In recent years, many studies have shown that probiotic supplementation can effectively improve sports performance. In this study, we screened Lactobacillus plantarum (PL-02), a probiotic of human-origin, from the intestines of 2008 Olympic women's 48 kg weightlifting gold medalist and explored the role of PL-02 in improved exercise endurance performance, reduced fatigue biochemical parameters, and changes in body composition. Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were assigned to 0, 2.05 × 109, 4.10 × 109 and 1.03 × 1010 CFU/kg/day groups and were fed by oral gavage once daily for 4 weeks. The results showed that 4 weeks of PL-02 supplementation could significantly increase muscle mass, muscle strength and endurance performance, and hepatic and muscular glycogen storage. Furthermore, PL-02 could significantly decrease lactate, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels after exercise (p < 0.05). We believe that PL-02 can be used as a supplement to improve exercise performance and for its anti-fatigue effect.

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;In Vitro&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Characterization of Cell Surface Properties of 14 Vaginal &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Lactobacillus&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Strains as Potential Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Human-origin Lactobacillus is a preferable source of probiotic bacteria. This study screened 14 vaginal Lactobacillus strains as probiotic candidates by investigating probiotic-related cell surface characteristics including cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH), Lewis acidity/basicity, autoaggregation, and biofilm formation. Moderate to high CSH and autoaggregation, high basicity and low acidity were prevalent in the 14 tested strains. Biofilm formation varied in a large range among the 14 tested strains. CSH showed a high correlation with Lewis acidity and autoaggregation, while Lewis acidity was highly correlated with autoaggregation and biofilm formation. Four strains were selected as promising probiotic strains. This study was the first one to compare antibiotic sensitivity between biofilm-forming cells and planktonic cells of Lactobacillus species, and found that biofilm-forming cells of a L. fermentum strain had a significantly higher survival rate than planktonic cells in cefotaxime, cefmetazole and tetracycline, but were as sensitive to oxacillin and ampicillin as planktonic cells were.

Lipoteichoic acid from the cell wall of a heat killed Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 ameliorates aging-related leaky gut, inflammation and improves physical and cognitive functions: from C. elegans to mice.

Increased inflammation associated with leaky gut is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults; however, successful preventive and therapeutic strategies against these conditions are not available. In this study, we demonstrate that a human-origin Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 strain (D3-5), even in the non-viable form, extends life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. In addition, feeding of heat-killed D3-5 to old mice (> 79 weeks) prevents high- fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions, decreases leaky gut and inflammation, and improves physical and cognitive functions. D3-5 feeding significantly increases mucin production, and proportionately, the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila also increases. Mechanistically, we show that the lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a cell wall component of D3-5, enhances mucin (Muc2) expression by modulating TLR-2/p38-MAPK/NF-kB pathway, which in turn reduces age-related leaky gut and inflammation. The findings indicate that the D3-5 and its LTA can prevent/treat age-related leaky gut and inflammation.

HEAT KILLED LB. PARACASEI OR CELL WALL LIPOTEICHOIC ACID AMELIORATES AGE-RELATED LEAKY GUT AND INFLAMMATION

Increased inflammation associated with leaky gut is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality in older adults; however, successful preventive and therapeutic strategies are not available to ameliorate these conditions. In this study, we demonstrate that a human-origin Lactobacillus paracasei D3-5 strain (D3-5), even when dead, extended life span of C. elegans. In addition, feeding D3-5 to older mice (>79 weeks) prevented high fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic dysfunction and decreased leaky gut and inflammation, which were associated with improved physical and cognitive function. D3-5 feeding significantly increased mucin production and proportionately, the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila was also increased. Mechanistically, we show that the cell wall of D3-5 contains lipoteichoic acid (LTA), which enhanced mucin (Muc2) expression via TLR-2/p38-MAPK pathway, which in turn reduced age-related leaky gut and inflammation. This study indicates that the D3-5 and its LTA can prevent/treat age-related leaky gut and inflammation.

Bioavailability assessment of zinc enriched lactobacillus biomass in a human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2)

The present study utilizes lactobacilli strains having the potential to accumulate a significant amount of Zinc (Zn) in their biomass and ability to deliver the same mineral in a highly bioavailable form. A human origin Lactobacillus fermentum SR4 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were studied for their ability to accumulate Zn by growing them in the medium containing Zn salt. Further, Zn enriched cell lysates were prepared by Ultrasonication, as an organic Zn source. Various functional groups involved in bacterial Zn binding were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental Zn in bio-chelated cell lysate complex was confirmed by SEM and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX). Experimental data demonstrated a significantly higher (P < 0.05) bioavailability of Zn chelated by SR4 followed by LGG i.e., 57% and 48%, as compared to the commercially available inorganic (ZnSo4) and even organic (Zinc gluconate) forms tested which has 15.6% and 21.7% respectively.

Adhesion to pharyngeal epithelium and modulation of immune response: Lactobacillus salivarius AR809, a potential probiotic strain isolated from the human oral cavity

Microbiome modulators such as probiotics are known to modulate oral diseases. Very few probiotics are commercially available for use in the oral cavity. In this context, we selected human-origin Lactobacillus salivarius AR809 as a promising oropharyngeal probiotic and characterized its functional and immunomodulatory properties. Results demonstrated that AR809 could efficiently adhere to pharyngeal epithelial FaDu cells, antagonize Staphylococcus aureus, adapt to the oral environment, and modulate host innate immunity by inducing potentially protective effects. Particularly, AR809 diminished proinflammatory activity by enhancing the production of IL10 and inhibiting the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL1B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and RELA. Finally, we observed that AR809 grew efficiently when cultured in milk, suggesting that the preparation of a fermented milk product containing AR809 could be a practical way to administer this probiotic to humans. In conclusion, AR809 has high potential to adhere to the pharyngeal mucosa and could be applied in novel milk-based probiotic fermented food products.

Carbohydrate catabolic diversity of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli of human origin

Because increased proportions of particular commensal bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been linked to human health through a variety of mechanisms, there is corresponding interest in identifying carbohydrates that promote growth and metabolic activity of these bacteria. We evaluated the ability of 20 carbohydrates, including several commercially available carbohydrates that are sold as prebiotic ingredients, to support growth of 32 human-derived isolates belonging to the genera Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, including those isolated from healthy elderly subjects. In general, bifidobacterial strains were shown to display more diverse carbohydrate utilization profiles compared to the tested Lactobacillus species, with several bifidobacterial strains capable of metabolizing xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS), arabinoxylan, maltodextrin, galactan and carbohydrates containing fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) components. In contrast, maltodextrin, galactan, arabinogalactan and galactomannan did not support robust growth (≥0.8 OD600nm) of any of the Lactobacillus strains assessed. Carbohydrate fermentation was variable among strains tested of the same species for both genera. This study advances our knowledge of polysaccharide utilization by human gut commensals, and provides information for the rational design of selective prebiotic food ingredients.

Evaluation of bile tolerance in dairy and human origin Lactobacillus fermentum strains

Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE Eleven Lactobacillus fermentum strains including seven dairy and four faecal origin were studied for in vitro bile tolerance at 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 % bile concentration to assess their probiotic potential. At 0.3 and 0.6% bile concentration except NCDC-400, all dairy origin strains shown 3 to 5 log reduction in count, while faecal origin strains did not show much reduction. Almost similar trend was observed for dairy strains at 1.2 to 1.5 % bile concentration whereas BIF-18, BIF, 19 and BIF 20 from faecal strains shown better growth. Lactobacillus fermentum BIF-19 from faecal and Lactobacillus fermentum NCDC-400 from dairy origin were most bile tolerant. Out of all strains BIF-19 exhibited highest survival in all concentration of bile. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;}

In Vitro Modulation of Human Intestinal Microbiota by Mannoligosaccharides Synthesized from Amorphophallus muelleri Glucomannan

The corms of Amorphophallus muelleri Blume contain a large amount of glucomannan, a kind of polysaccharide that are commonly consumed by people as gelly foods. In order to improve the beneficial properties of glucomannan, we previously have established the enzymatic process to produce the mannoligosaccharides from flour of glucomannan using microbial mannanase. The effects of mannoligosaccharides on the growth modulation of human intestinal microbiota were investigated in this study. A set of in vitro single batch culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of mannooligosaccharides on human-origin Lactobacillus fermentum AA0014 and Lactobacillus plantarum FU0811. A modified MRS medium containing 10% (w/v) sucrose, glucomannan, and mannoligosaccharide was used instead of glucose as carbon source. The results showed the highest growth rate (0.13 h-1) with both L. fermentum AA0014 and L. plantarum FU0811 in the presence of mannooligosaccharides. We confirmed this result by a similar in vitro experiment using human fecal samples of six healthy adults as innocula and analyzed the microbial population by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Lactobacilli were proliferated higher in the presence of mannoligosaccharide than other carbon sources, yielding the microbial proportion as much of 10.9% of total microbiota. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential use of mannoligosaccharides synthesized from A. muelleri glucomannan as prebiotic candidate of modulating the beneficial human intestinal microbiota.

Human Origin Lactobacillus casei Isolated from Indonesian Infants Demonstrating Potential Characteristics as Probiotics in vitro

The aim of this experiment was to isolate and identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from infant faecesand subsequent evaluation of its potential probiotics. LAB was isolated from faeces of infants who consumedbreast milk as the only source of diet on L-cysteine-supplemented MRS Agar, and incubated on 37oC for 48hours. Colonies grew on this media were then identifi ed based on morphological, physiological and molecularapproaches. Morphological and physiological identifi cations based on Gram staining, shape, motility, sporeformation, catalase, CO2 and NH3 production, and the ability to grow on temperature at 10oC and 45oC.Molecular identifi cation based on the amplifi cation of 16S rRNA gene. The potential application of selectedisolates for probiotics was evaluated based on the ability to grow on media with low pH and the additionof 0.5% bile salts, the ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic Bacillus cereus and Eschericia coli, and in vitroadherence ability. On the basis of morphological, physiological and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene, itwas concluded that the selected isolate 1AF was a strain of Lactobacillus casei. Evaluation of probiotic in vitro showed that 60.4% of cells were resistant to pH 2.0 for 90 minutes. Survival of isolate 1AF after growing at0.5% bile salts was 70.8%. The selected isolate 1AF showed the ability to inhibit the growth of Eschericia coli and Bacillus cereus with inhibitory zone of 12.00±1,00 and 15.33±1.53 mm, respectively. In vitro study on theadherence value of isolate to solid plate was found at 46.5%. It is concluded that Lactobacillus casei isolate 1AFis a potential candidate as probiotics and subject to further in vivo evaluation.

Comparative analysis of the potential probiotic abilities of lactobacilli of human origin and from fermented vegetables

In this study, twelve strains of Lactobacillus plantarum derived from spontaneously fermented vegetables (carrots and beetroot) and traditionally prepared sauerkraut were compared for their potential probiotic abilities with seven Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains of human origin. The tested strains were investigated for some technological properties and in vitro functional characteristics for potential probiotic strains. Selection probiotic criteria included the ability of the strains to withstand conditions similar to the digestive tract, antimicrobial activity against a wide range of intestinal pathogens and sensitivity to antibiotics. The total acidity in milk was generally higher in intestinal strains in relation to plant strains. The ability of the tested strains to survive simulated gastric conditions showed a greater resistance of the human strains at a low pH 2.5 and the presence of pepsin, while in the presence of bile salts and pancreatin, some intestinal strains were more sensitive compared to plant strains. A wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities was observed in all tested strains. Most of the plant strains were resistant to aminoglycosides and vancomycin but sensitive to ampicillin and penicillin, while only some intestinal strains were resistant to these drugs.

Short communication: A sensitive method for qualitative screening of bile salt hydrolase-active lactobacilli based on thin-layer chromatography

A sensitive protocol based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was developed to screen qualitatively bile salt hydrolase (BSH)-active lactobacilli. The sodium salts of glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid were used as substrates, and bacterial BSH activity was confirmed by detecting cholic acid as a product of the bile conjugates using a TLC assay with direct visual observation. Forty-five lactobacilli isolated from human fecal samples were tested for BSH activity by the TLC assay, a conventional plate assay, and a quantitative colorimetric assay. With the TLC and quantitative colorimetric assays, the same 24 BSH-positive strains were detected. No false-positive or false-negative results were detected by the TLC assay. However, only 20 BSH-positive strains were detected with the conventional plate assay. Compared with the conventional plate assay, the TLC assay is more sensitive for the detection of BSH activity of lactobacilli and, thus, more suitable for screening of BSH-active lactobacilli of human origin.

The Influence of Antibacterial and Antioxidative Probiotic Lactobacilli on Gut Mucosa in a Mouse Model ofSalmonellaInfection

The purpose of the present study was to test the ability of selected probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (with high antimicrobial and antioxidative potential in in vitro tests) to compete with invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection and protect the gut mucosa against excessive oxidative stress during inflammatory tissue damage in a mouse model. In total 47 mice were divided into four groups. The control group was treated with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, group 1) or alternatively 0.5x10 8 CFU/ml of human intestinal lactobacilli, namely Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 (DSM 14241) and Lactobacillus acidophilus 0.5x10 8 CFU /ml (group 4), daily for 15 days. Group 2 and 3 mice were challenged with a clinical isolate of S. Typhimurium (0.5x10 5 CFU/ml). The group 3 mice were additionally orally inoculated with lactobacilli for 5 days before and 10 days after the challenge with S. Typhimurium. Counts of salmonellae and lactobacilli in blood, intestine, liver and spleen were recorded; the morphological indices of inflammation in the same organs and oxidative stress-indicative biochemical status (lipid peroxidation, total antioxidative activity, redox ratio of glutathione and iron content) of gut mucosa were assessed on the 10th day after oral inoculation. The administration of probiotic lactobacilli of human origin did not increase the total count of lactobacilli in the terminal ileum of mice; however, hyperplasia of lymph nodes was registered in group 4 mice compared with group 1 mice. In the gut the lactobacilli that were antagonistic against S. Typhimurium in vitro neither decreased the count of salmonellae nor prevented the spread of the infection. In contrast, the antioxidative potential of L. fermentum ME-3 influenced gut mucosa by the reduction of iron level (pro-oxidant), lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidative activity, glutathione redox value. We conclude that properties of probiotic lactobacilli assessed in vitro could be expressed differentially during in vivo study. The possibility to influence the pro- and antioxidant balance by specific probiotic lactobacilli with antioxidative properties in the course of inflammatory tissue damage could be further explored. Key words: Salmonella Typhimurium, mouse model, probiotics, lactobacilli, oxidative stress, pro-oxidant, antioxidant, gut mucosa.