Lactate Solution Research Articles

Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced experimental intestinal mucositis through postbiotic lactate.

Postbiotic lactate modulates the immune system in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, its role in experimental intestinal mucositis (IM) has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactate supplementation (1 and 2×10-1mol/L) in a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced IM model. Male BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: control (CTL), mucositis (MUC), mucositis with 1×10-1mol/L lactate solution (MUC10), and mucositis with 2×10-1mol/L lactate solution (MUC200). Lactate was administered via oral gavage for 10 days. Following the treatment period, the animals were subjected to an intraperitoneal injection of 300mg/kg 5-FU to induce IM and were euthanized 72h later for analysis. The MUC group presented intestinal damage with a poor histological score and decreased morphometric parameters as well as decreased mucus production and increased inflammatory infiltration and intestinal permeability compared to those of the CTL group (p<0.05). However, the MUC200 group exhibited better results for the evaluated parameters than the MUC group (p<0.05). Notably, the results in the MUC10 group were similar to those in the MUC group (p>0.05). In conclusion, lactate supplementation attenuates mucositis-induced damage in a dose-dependent manner.

Role of Preservation Solution in Human Aneurysmatic Aorta Harvest and Transport: A Comparative Analysis of Different Solutions for Tissue Injury Protection.

Human aortic tissues in vitro are tools to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of the cardiovascular system, cell culture, and transplants. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the preservation of human aneurysmatic aortic tissues in three different solutions. Six human abdominal aortic aneurysms were obtained from patients after surgical ablation. The aorta samples were incubated in different solutions - 0.9% normal physiological saline solution, Ringer's lactate solution, and histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution (Custodiol®). Segments were collected at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours. Creatine kinase and nitrate/nitrite were quantified for each incubation time. The tissue's alpha-smooth muscle actin was analyzed by immunofluorescence. There was a significant increase in creatine kinase formation in the normal saline group at 0 and 48 hours and in the Ringer's lactate group at 0 and 48 hours (P=0.018 and P=0.028). The lower levels of creatine kinase and nitrate/nitrite and the aortic tissues' morphological integrity show that histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate has better tissue protection. These data suggest that histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate induces a protective effect on smooth muscle cells, with less tissue depletion in the aortic aneurysm. This study compared three preservation solutions with the potential for human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue preservation. The histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate solution reduced tissue injury and improved tissue preservation in human abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue samples.

Comparative Characteristics of Electrolyte Solutions Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy Method

Electrolyte solutions can conduct electric current and help maintain balance in the human body. This study compares the electrical impedance characteristics of various electrolyte solutions using the Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) method. Three types of electrolyte solutions were tested: NaCl solution, Ringer’s Lactate (RL) solution, and Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution with concentration variations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Measurements were conducted over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz to compare electrolyte solutions using a frequency of 10 kHz with an electric current of 50 μA. At a frequency of 10 kHz, a comparison of the three types of electrolyte solutions with concentration variations from 20% to 100% was made. The measurement result showed that the NaCl solution had an impedance value of 200Ω to 900Ω at high frequencies. The Ringer’s Lactate (RL) solution exhibited impedance variations with impedance values ranging from 800Ω to 300Ω, which is more complex due to the other hand, the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution demonstrated impedance stability at high frequencies with impedance values ranging from 400Ω to 200Ω, indicating its electrical properties suitability with human body conditions. Each electrolyte solution has its characteristics in impedance values at a frequency of 10 kHz, which allows for comparing the three types of electrolyte solutions. For further research, additional studies could include impedance characteristics of electrolyte solutions to broaden understanding of their electrical properties, considering variations in frequency and current conditions to optimise impedance characteristic measurements for various electrolyte solutions.

Impact of Calcium Lactate Pretreatment on Enamel Fluoride Uptake: A Comparative In Vitro Study of Different Fluoride Types and Concentrations.

(1) Background: This study aimed to establish the effect of calcium lactate enamel pretreatment related to different fluoride types and concentrations on the enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluorides. (2) Materials: In a blind and randomized in vitro study, a total of 60 teeth are used. The first 30 teeth were cut and randomly allocated into one of the following treatments: (A) calcium lactate pretreatment followed by three different fluoride solutions; (B) the "Fluoride only" group, with slabs treated with three different fluoride solutions; (C) the "Calcium only" group, with slabs treated with calcium lactate solution; (D) slabs treated with deionized water (negative control group). The next 30 teeth underwent all the above described group procedures but were treated with lower fluoride concentrations. Fluoride was extracted from enamel using 1 M KOH solution and analyzed using a fluoride ion-specific electrode. (3) Results: The findings revealed that slabs treated with NaF following calcium lactate pretreatment exhibited significantly greater enamel uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride compared to other substrates. This significant effect was not observed at lower fluoride concentrations. (4) Conclusion: The study demonstrates that pretreatment with calcium lactate followed by treatment with NaF at 226 ppm F significantly enhances the uptake of alkali-soluble fluoride in enamel compared to other fluoride types.

Growth promotion and disease tolerance in strawberry plants with plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate solution

Growth promotion and disease tolerance in strawberry plants with plasma-activated Ringer’s lactate solution

RESULTS OF RESEARCH OF THERMOSENSITIVE PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITIONS BASED ON CHITOSAN LACTATE

Introduction. The development of stimulus-sensitive drug delivery systems ("in situ" systems) is one of the actively developing trends in pharmaceutical technology. First of all, such systems provide sustained and controlled release of the active substance due to a special sol-gel transition. "In situ" systems are solutions that under various physiological conditions transition into a hydrogel. The transition of a solution into a hydrogel depends on various factors such as temperature, pH change, UV radiation, presence of certain molecules or ions. Biopolymers such as chitosan are the basis for in situ systems. Chitosan is an economically available, biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, which makes it a promising raw material for hydrogels. Solutions of chitosan salts are claimed to have stimuli-responsive properties such as pH- and thermosensitivity, however, the composition of such systems usually includes crosslinking agents that may have intrinsic pharmacological and/or toxic activities. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the thermosensitivity of chitosan lactate-based hydrogels made without crosslinking agents. Material and Methods. In accordance with the objective, screening experiments were performed to obtain and investigate the properties of chitosan lactate, during which prototypes were obtained to test the ability of hydrogels to thermosensitive transition without auxiliary crosslinking agents and to evaluate the properties of chitosan-based hydrogels at different temperature values. Results. As a result of the experiments carried out, it was found that the solutions studied are not capable of thermosensitive phase transition. However, it should be noted that during the experiments samples of hydrogels based on chitosan and lactic acid were obtained with different organoleptic and physical properties depending on the concentration of lactic acid. Conclusions. Based on the results of the screening study, the hypothesis about the thermosensitive transition ability of chitosan lactate solutions without the addition of crosslinking agents was refuted. This issue requires further study using methods that allow to evaluate the underlying changes in the molecular structure of the polymer during gelation when the solution temperature is changed. The experiments also proved the ability of chitosan to form hydrogels in aqueous solutions with low concentration of weak organic acids with pH in the range from 5 to 6.

A Comparison between Ringer?s Lactate (RL) Solution and 6% Hydroxy Ethyl Starch (HES) in the Prevention of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia

A Comparison between Ringer?s Lactate (RL) Solution and 6% Hydroxy Ethyl Starch (HES) in the Prevention of Hypotension in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section under Spinal Anaesthesia

Nutritional management of hyperlipaemia in a jenny: a brief report

An adult jenny (5-years-old, non-pregnant) was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the University of Sassari, with a recent history of appetite loss, extreme underweight condition and reluctance to move. On physical inspection, emaciation [body condition score, BCS: 3/9], muscular waste [muscular condition score, MCS: 1/5], loose/running faeces [faecal score, FS: 2/8], and a general state of mild dehydration were found. Blood analyses outlined a general undernourishment condition [circulating albumins, ALB: 17.6 g/L (21.6–31.6 g/L)] with underlying systemic inflammatory profile and moderate increase in circulating enzymes to explore liver function [aspartate amino-transferase, AST: 657 u/L (279–430 u/L); alanine amino-transferase ALT: 60 u/L (5–14 u/L); gamma-glutamyl-transferase, γ-GT: 87 IU/L (14–69 IU/L); total bilirubin close to the upper limit, TB: 0.20 mg/dL(0.07–0.21 mg/dL)]and hyperlipaemia [TG: 8.70 mmol/L (0.60–2.87 mmol/L)], following fat depots mobilisation, with total cholesterol closed to the lower limit of the physiological range. Hyper-phosphataemia was linked to haemolytic anaemia [P:1.81 mmol/L (0.77–1.39 mmol/L) and red blood cells, RBC: 4.14 1012/L (4.40–7.10 1012)] aligned with the TB to the upper limit. On ultrasound abdominal imaging, enlarged and hyper-echogenic liver was observed. Based on the clinical evaluation, a condition of hepatic lipidosis was diagnosed, requiring dedicated nutritional treatment to solve the extreme emaciation along with the metabolic disorder in support of medical therapy. A two-step feeding protocol was planned to support treatments aiming at immediate re-hydration (Ringer lactate solution 2 ml/kg/8 h). The nutritional objectives were meant at first to restart the voluntary feed intake. Gradual increasing energy provision through a palatable hay-based diet was planned to cover one fourth of daily metabolizable energy requirement calculated on the expected metabolic weight, adjusted according to the daily intake of feed and clinical condition. At the conclusion of this first 7-day phase, circulating blood parameters were closer to the reference values and the BCS moved from 3 to 4 out of 9. Bowel motility was restored, and faecal score improved (4/8). In the second phase, allowance to pasture and a combination diet with compound mixed feed were designed. Within four weeks of starting the nutritional plan, blood parameters were re-established to reference values. The gradual feed provision calculated in this two-phase approach proved successful in support of the overall clinical improvement observed after four weeks of treatment, in a severely undernourished jenny with compromised liver functions.

Compound electrolyte intraocular irrigating solution produces better effects on vision recovery of cataract patients after surgery than Ringer lactate solution.

Intraocular irrigating solution is extensively applied in cataract surgery. This paper explored the difference and relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical quality analysis system (OQAS) parameters induced by compound electrolyte intraocular irrigating solution (CEIIS) or Ringer lactate (RL) solution during uncomplicated cataract surgery. Totally 200 senior cataract patients were randomly divided into the CEIIS and RL groups (N = 100 patients/group). The anterior chamber was irrigated by CEIIS or RL during phacoemulsification. Patients were subdivided into diabetes mellitus (DM)+ and DM- groups. The central macular thickness (CMT), hyper reflective foci (HF), modulation transfer function cutoff frequency (MTF cutoff), Strehl ratio (SR), objective scatter index (OSI), and OQAS values (OVs) at 100%, 20%, and 9% contrast levels were measured preoperatively and 1day and 1week after operation using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and OQAS II, respectively. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was assessed using the Snellen scale, followed by statistical analysis of its logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between the CEIIS and RL groups. Both groups exhibited notably increased postoperative CMT, MTF cutoff, SR, OV at 100%, 20%, and 9% contrast levels, and reduced OSI, indicating CEIIS and RL improved postoperative visual quality. CEIIS surpassed RL solution in improving postoperative visual quality, decelerating the increase of macular HF numbers and CMT in DM+ patients and postoperative BCVA. There was no difference between CEIIS and RL in long-term vision improvement. CEIIS surpasses RL in postoperative visual recovery and retards increases of macular HF numbers and CMT in senior DM+ cataract patients.

Physical compatibility of ceftriaxone and cefepime in 0.45% sodium chloride, Ringer’s lactate solution, and Plasma-Lyte A

ObjectivesThe compatibility of intravenous fluids with medications is of paramount concern to pharmacists and is an imperative component of ensuring patient safety. Data regarding the physical compatibility of medications with...

Nanoarchitectonics and Biological Properties of Nanocomposite Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Obtained with the Use of Uridine 5'-Monophosphate Disodium Salt.

Currently, an important group of biomaterials used in the research in the field of tissue engineering is thermosensitive chitosan hydrogels. Their main advantage is the possibility of introducing their precursors (sols) into the implantation site using a minimally invasive method-by injection. In this publication, the results of studies on the new chitosan structures in the form of thermosensitive hydrogels containing graphene oxide as a nanofiller are presented. These systems were prepared from chitosan lactate and chitosan chloride solutions with the use of a salt of pyrimidine nucleotide-uridine 5'-monophosphate disodium salt-as the cross-linking agent. In order to perform the characterization of the developed hydrogels, the sol-gel transition temperature of the colloidal systems was first determined based on rheological measurements. The hydrogels were also analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM. Biological studies assessed the cytotoxicity (resazurin assay) and genotoxicity (alkaline version of the comet assay) of the nanocomposite chitosan hydrogels against normal human BJ fibroblasts. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the developed hydrogels containing graphene oxide are an attractive material for potential use as scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues.

Wear Rate, Tribo-Corrosion, and Plastic Deformation Values of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy in Ringer Lactate Solution.

This study investigates the tribocorrosion performance of a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy prepared using casting and electromagnetic stirring (EMS) at specific frequencies. The tribocorrosion behaviour of the alloy was evaluated when exposed to Ringer's lactate solution to optimize the EMS parameters and improve its properties. The research focuses on biomedical implant applications and explores how EMS affects alloy wear and corrosion resistance. As did the friction coefficient and wear volume, the wear rate of samples produced with EMS frequencies of 75 Hz and 150 Hz decreased. These improvements are attributed to the ability of EMS to refine grain size and homogenize the microstructure, thereby increasing the resistance to tribocorrosion. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry were used for surface and wear analysis, while mechanical properties were evaluated through instrumented indentation tests. The findings confirm that EMS improves the alloy's durability and tribocorrosion resistance, making it highly suitable for demanding biomedical applications such as joint replacements. This highlights the importance of advanced manufacturing techniques in optimizing biomedical alloys for simulated body conditions.

Harnessing extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein by PS-OMe miR130: A promising shield against hemorrhage-induced lung injury.

Hemorrhagic shock (HS) poses a life-threatening condition with the lungs being one of the most susceptible organs to its deleterious effects. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein has emerged as a pivotal mediator of inflammation, and its release has been observed as a case of HS-induced tissue injury. Previous studies unveiled a promising engineered microRNA, designated PS-OMe miR130, which inhibits extracellular cold-inducible RNA binding protein, thereby safeguarding vital organs. In this study, we hypothesized that PS-OMe miR130 serves as a protective shield against HS-induced lung injury by curtailing the overzealous inflammatory immune response. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in male C57BL6 mice by withdrawing blood via a femoral artery cannula to a mean arterial pressure of 30 mm Hg for 90 minutes. The mice were resuscitated with twice the shed blood volume with Ringer's lactate solution. They were then treated intravenously with either phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) or 62.5 nmol PS-OMe miR130. At 4 hours later, blood and lungs were harvested. Following PS-OMe miR130 treatment in HS mice, a substantial decrease was observed in serum injury markers including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood urea nitrogen. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 exhibited a similar reduction. In lung tissues, PS-OMe miR130 led to a significant decrease in the messenger RNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α), chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and macrophage inflammatory protein 2), and an endothelial injury marker, E-selectin. PS-OMe miR130 also produced substantial inhibition of lung myeloperoxidase activity and resulted in a marked reduction in lung injury as evidenced by histological evaluation. This was further confirmed by the observation that PS-OMe miR130 significantly reduced the presence of lymphocyte antigen 6 family member G-positive neutrophils and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive apoptotic cells. PS-OMe miR130 emerges as a potent safeguard against HS-induced lung injury by effectively inhibiting pro-inflammation and injuries, offering a promising therapeutic strategy in such critical clinical condition.

Lactate and hydrogen ions play a predominant role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex during ischaemic contractions but not during freely perfused contractions.

We investigated the role played by lactate and hydrogen in evoking the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) in decerebrated rats whose hindlimb muscles were either freely perfused or ischaemic. Production of lactate and hydrogen by the contracting hindlimb muscles was manipulated by knocking out the myophosphorylase gene (pygm). In knockout rats (pygm-/-; n=13) or wild-type rats (pygm+/+; n=13), the EPR was evoked by isometrically contracting the triceps surae muscles. Blood pressure, tension, blood flow, renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood lactate concentrations were measured. Intramuscular metabolites and pH changes induced by the contractions were quantified by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n=5). In a subset of pygm-/- rats (n=5), contractions were evoked with prior infusion of lactate (pH 6.0) in an attempt to restore the effect of lactate and hydrogen ions. Contraction of freely perfused muscles increased blood lactate and decreased muscle pH in pygm+/+ rats only. Despite these differences, the reflex pressor and sympathetic responses to freely perfused contraction did not differ between groups (P=0.992). During ischaemia, contraction increased muscle lactate and hydrogen ion production in pygm+/+ rats (P<0.0134), whereas it had no effect in pygm-/- rats (P>0.783). Likewise, ischaemia exaggerated the reflex pressor, and sympathetic responses to contraction in pygm+/+ but not in pygm-/- rats. This exaggeration was restored when a solution of lactate (pH 6.0) was infused prior to the contraction in pygm-/- rats. We conclude that lactate and hydrogen accumulation in contracting myocytes play a key role in evoking the metabolic component of the EPR during ischaemic but not during freely perfused contractions. KEY POINTS: Conflicting results exist about the role played by lactate and hydrogen ions in evoking the exercise pressor reflex. Using CRISP-Cas9, we rendered the myophosphorylase gene non-functional to block the production of lactate and hydrogen ions. The exercise pressor reflex was evoked in decerebrated rats by statically contracting the triceps surae muscles with or without muscle ischaemia. Static contraction elevated the concentration of lactate and hydrogen ions in pygm+/+ but not in pygm-/- rats. Despite these differences, the exercise pressor reflex was not different between groups. Acute muscle ischaemia exaggerated the concentration of lactate and hydrogen ions in pygm+/+ but not in pygm-/- rats. Likewise, acute muscle ischaemia exaggerated the exercise pressor reflex in pygm+/+ but not in pygm-/- rats. We conclude that lactate and hydrogen play a key role in evoking the exercise pressor reflex during ischaemic but not during freely perfused contractions.

Development of generic metabolic Raman calibration models using solution titration in aqueous phase and data augmentation for in-line cell culture analysis.

This study presents a novel approach for developing generic metabolic Raman calibration models for in-line cell culture analysis using glucose and lactate stock solution titration in an aqueous phase and data augmentation techniques. First, a successful set-up of the titration method was achieved by adding glucose or lactate solution at several different constant rates into the aqueous phase of a bench-top bioreactor. Subsequently, the in-line glucose and lactate concentration were calculated and interpolated based on the rate of glucose and lactate addition, enabling data augmentation and enhancing the robustness of the metabolic calibration model. Nine different combinations of spectra pretreatment, wavenumber range selection, and number of latent variables were evaluated and optimized using aqueous titration data as training set and a historical cell culture data set as validation and prediction set. Finally, Raman spectroscopy data collected from 11 historical cell culture batches (spanning four culture modes and scales ranging from 3to 200 L) were utilized to predict the corresponding glucose and lactate values. The results demonstrated a high prediction accuracy, with an average root mean square errors of predictionof 0.65 g/L for glucose, and 0.48 g/L for lactate. This innovative method establishes a generic metabolic calibration model, and its applicability can be extended to other metabolites, reducing the cost of deploying real-time cell culture monitoring using Raman spectroscopy in bioprocesses.

Computer-guided versus conventional arthrocentesis in treatment of anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint

Objectives This study aimed to compare computer-guided arthrocentesis with conventional double puncture technique in the treatment of anterior disc displacement with reduction of the temporomandibular joint. Patient and methods 16 adult patients were included in the study and were divided into two equal groups: group I: treated with guided arthrocentesis using ringer’s lactate solution and injection of hyaluronic acid, group II: treated with conventional double puncture technique of arthrocentesis using ringer’s lactate solution and injection of hyaluronic acid. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically preoperatively and postoperatively: clinically for evaluation of pain intensity, maximal mouth opening, and clicking at 1 week and 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. Radiographically by MRI imaging at 3 and 6 months to determine any changes in the disc position and inflammatory changes within the joint. Results 16 patients (13 females and 3 males), their ages ranged from 17 to 35 years the results of the clinical data including pain intensity, maximal mouth opening, and clicking presented with significant improvements of all outcomes from preoperative to 6 months postoperatively for group I when compared with group II. Radiographically MRI after 3 and 6 months presented with no changes in the disc condyle relationship. Conclusion Arthrocentesis is a useful minimally invasive technique in the treatment of anterior disc displacement with reduction. It plays a role in decreasing joint pain and improving its function and by making arthrocentesis computer-guided this makes the procedures more accurate, safe, less painful, and time-saving and preventing postoperative complications.

АНАЛИЗ АССОРТИМЕНТА РАСТВОРИТЕЛЕЙ И РАЗБАВИТЕЛЕЙ ИНЪЕКЦИОННЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ДЛЯ ПЕДИАТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКИ

Introduction. Solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines are widely used in pediatric hospitals and occupy leading positions in terms of the number of packages in purchases. Injectables are prescribed to children in reduced volumes, as compared to adults. In this regard, it is relevant to study the solvents and diluents available for parenteral administration of drugs in terms of packaging types and reduced volumes for use in pediatrics in the domestic pharmaceutical market. Aim of the study is to analyze the available solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines, such as water for injection, isotonic solutions of sodium chloride, Ringer, and Ringer lactate, on the Russian pharmaceutical market and in a multidisciplinary children’s hospital. Material and Methods. Objects of the study were data from the State Register of Medicines of Russia, the requisition slips of Medical Devices and Pharmacy of Tatarstan for medicines shipped from a warehouse to the Republic Clinical Children’s Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2022, the price lists for medicines of pharmaceutical wholesalers (September 2023), and the data from scientific publications. Results and Discussion. The data obtained indicate that the regional pharmaceutical market has about twice as many options for the supply of medicinal solvents and diluents than in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital, and this allows expanding the range of this group of medicines. It can be assumed that pharmaceutical industrial enterprises do not produce a full range of options for the volume of primary packaging of solvents and diluents registered in the State Register of Medicines. Conclusions. In Russia, reduced volumes (20-30 ml) of 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose, Ringer, and Ringer lactate solutions in vials for intravenous drip administration in pediatric practice are neither registered nor produced. The depth coefficient of the assortment of the studied solvents and diluents for parenteral medicines in relation to the volume of primary packaging in a children’s multidisciplinary hospital is 0.102. This indicates the need for medical organizations to consider the possibilities of the pharmaceutical market when drawing up applications for the supply of medicines.

Developing a Clinically Relevant Hemorrhagic Shock Model in Rats.

Over the recent decades, the development of animal models allowed us to better understand various pathologies and identify new treatments. Hemorrhagic shock, i.e., organ failure due to rapid loss of a large volume of blood, is associated with a highly complex pathophysiology involving several pathways. Numerous existing animal models of hemorrhagic shock strive to replicate what happens in humans, but these models have limits in terms of clinical relevance, reproducibility, or standardization. The aim of this study was to refine these models to develop a new model of hemorrhagic shock. Briefly, hemorrhagic shock was induced in male Wistar Han rats (11-13 weeks old) by a controlled exsanguination responsible for a drop in the mean arterial pressure. The next phase of 75 min was to maintain a low mean arterial blood pressure, between 32 mmHg and 38 mmHg, to trigger the pathophysiological pathways of hemorrhagic shock. The final phase of the protocol mimicked patient care with an administration of intravenous fluids, Ringer Lactate solution, to elevate the blood pressure. Lactate and behavioral scores were assessed 16 h after the protocol started, while hemodynamics parameters and plasmatic markers were evaluated 24 h after injury. Twenty-four hours post-hemorrhagic shock induction, the mean arterial and diastolic blood pressure were decreased in the hemorrhagic shock group (p< 0.05). Heart rate and systolic blood pressure remained unchanged. All organ damage markers were increased with the hemorrhagic shock (p < 0.05). The lactatemia and behavioral scores were increased compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we demonstrated that the protocol described here is a relevant model of hemorrhagic shock that can be used in subsequent studies, particularly to evaluate the therapeutic potential of new molecules.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Canine Adipose Tissue: Evaluation of the Effect of Different Shipping Vehicles Used for Clinical Administration.

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs)-based therapies are rapidly gaining interest in veterinary medicine. Cellular therapy represents a new challenge for practitioners and requires precise coordination between the cell processing laboratory and the veterinary clinic. Cryopreservation is the best method to provide fast, in-time, and long-distance delivery of cells for therapeutic applications. However, potentially toxic cryoprotectants and xenobiotic products make the direct administration of cells impracticable for patients. Alternatively, the cells may be resuspended in a ready-to-use vehicle and shipped to the veterinary clinic. In this study, two nutrient-poor vehicles (physiologic saline and ringer lactate solutions) and two nutrient-rich vehicles (the releasate derived from autologous Platelet Poor Plasma and Platelet Rich Plasma) were tested on adipose tissue-derived canine MSCs (AD-MSCs). AD-MSCs stored for 2, 4, or 24 h in the different media were compared regarding mortality, metabolic activity, and replicative capacity. Furthermore, antioxidant activity and the pattern of expression of genes related to AD-MSCs function were performed following 24 h of storage. The results showed that all the different vehicles preserve cell vitality and replication following short-term storage. In long-term storage, the vehicle and cell density affect cell vitality, proliferation, and gene expression (CCL-2, CXCR-4, and TSG-6). Nutrient-rich vehicles seem better suited to preserve cell functionalities in this contest.

Modeling and measurement of density and viscosity of ethyl Lactate + 1-alkanol mixtures

In the current paper, the aim is to investigate the characteristics and relationships of liquid mixtures containing ethyl lactate and 1-Alkanols (C4–C7), which include 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol. To accomplish this, excess molar volumes and the deviation in viscosity were determined by utilizing experimental density and viscosity measurements at different temperatures and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. Our findings revealed that for solutions containing ethyl lactate and 1-butanol or 1-pentanol, positive values were observed when the mole fractions were higher in alcohols and lower in lactate. However, as the mole fractions shifted towards higher levels of lactate, the excess molar volumes became negative. On the contrary, when examining binary solutions of ethyl lactate with 1-hexanol and 1-heptanol, positive values for the excess molar volumes were found. The PC-SAFT model was used to simulate the density of pure fluids and liquid mixtures, resulting in a maximum deviation of 1.17 % for ethyl lactate and 1-hexanol solutions. Our analysis revealed that PC-SAFT is capable of accurately predicting and correlating the density of both pure liquids and solutions.