Lactam Group Research Articles

Can the Mineralization of Antibiotics from Water Bodies be a Significant Step in the Fight Against Alarming Antimicrobial Resistance?

Introduction: The overuse and improper disposal of antibiotics may add to the continuous rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In this work, we demonstrate a sequential effect of two novel catalytic systems consisting of MIL-100(Fe) MOF (Metal Organic Framework) and MnO2 nanosheets to degrade amoxicillin antibiotic through the destruction of β lactam group. Method: The catalysts exhibit large surface area, excellent porosity, excellent catalytic activity, and insolubility and can be easily separable from the reaction mixture. Results: The sequential use of MIL-100(Fe) MOF and MnO2 nanosheets could showcase 92% degradation of amoxicillin within 1.5 hours under ambient conditions without any significant residual bi-product as confirmed by LCMS studies. Conclusion: Impressively, the antimicrobial susceptibility of degraded residue is lessened by 33% as compared to pure amoxicillin. result: we have successfully developed a two-part method to completely degrade amoxicillin, a commonly used antibiotic. This method utilizes catalysts, MnO2 nanosheets and Fe-MIL 100 MOF, applied sequentially. both catalysts are reusable, non-toxic, and easily separated from the reaction. In just 1.5 hours at normal conditions, this approach achieved 91

Cutibacterium species: An Underestimated Pathogen in Chronic Infections

Cutibacterium speciesis a member of the skin micro biota, found predominantly in regions rich in sebaceous glands, involved in various chronic infections that led to its emergence as an opportunistic pathogen. The present study is a retrospective study to determine the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Cutibacterium species recovered from chronic infections over a period of 4.5 years. The identification of the colonies grew on the Robertson’s Cooked Meat media plate was done using VITEK 2. The antibiotic sensitivity tests were put by pour plate method using Epsilometer strips (E-strip).Out of 400, 17.75% (n=71) were confirmed as anaerobic bacteria by VITEK 2. Out of 71 positive anaerobic organisms, 21% (n=15/71) were confirmed as Cutibacteriumspecies.Cutibacterium species recorded prevalenceof 3.75% (15/400) among clinical specimens. High sensitivity was observed with beta lactam group of drugs whereas metronidazole drug was found ineffective against Cutibacteriumspecies. Due to prolonged culture time for anaerobic bacteria there is a high need in new diagnostic methods. In the recent times Cutibacterium species has been reported from various clinical samples which depicts shift of Cutibacterium species as a potential pathogen in the upcoming time.

Preparation of high color fastness structural colored cotton fabric via SiO2@PDA photonic crystal

Structural color is an important way to achieve the ecological coloring of textiles. SiO2 microspheres with sizes in the range of 200–337 nm were synthesized by the Stober method and then covered with highly light-absorbing melanin PDA to form SiO2@PDA photonic crystals. The SiO2@PDA photonic crystals were assembled onto the surface of white cotton fabrics by gravity deposition to achieve structural color. The addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) enhances interfacial bonding by forming multiple hydrogen bonds between its lactam group and the phenolic hydroxyl group of PDA, resulting in a structured color cotton fabric with high color fastness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the structure and morphology of SiO2@PDA microspheres. The chemical compositions of PDA and PVP were surveyed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface structural color of cotton fabrics was investigated by UV–Vis reflectance spectroscopy.

Effect of aromatic substituents on the H-bonded assembly of diketopyrrolopyrroles at solid-liquid interfaces.

Hydrogen-bonded (H-bonded) self-assembly is a suitable approach for tailoring the solid-state packing and properties of organic semiconductors. Here we studied the H-bonded self-assembly of an important class of organic semiconductors, diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives, diselenophenylDPP (DSeDPP), dithiazolylDPP (DTzDPP), and dithienothiophenylDPP (DTTDPP), at solid-liquid interfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). At the 1-octanoic acid/highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) interface, DSeDPP and DTzDPP either co-assemble with the solvent via H-bonding between lactam and carboxyl groups or form homoassemblies through H-bonding between the lactam groups. However, DTTDPP forms two different homoassemblies involving H-bonding between lactam groups or weak H-bonding between the lactam group and the heteroaromatic ring. Enthalpic factors for the formation of homoassemblies and co-assemblies are investigated by evaluating the inter- and intramolecular interactions in the self-assembled lattices using DFT. A homoassembly with a twisted geometry of molecules with intermolecular π-interactions is only observed for DSeDPP. The absence of homoassembly with the twisted geometry of DTzDPP is attributed to the higher strain energy required to acquire out-of-plane twists in this molecule. Our study shows the profound effects aromatic substituents can impart in the supramolecular assembly of DPP molecules, which influences film morphology and hence its properties (e.g. charge transport).

Isolation and Identification of Enterobacter spp from pet Animals Ear Infections in Al-Hilla Veterinary Clinic, Iraq

Objective: To isolation and identification of Enterobactor spp. from ear infection in pet animals in Babylon province by traditional method Automated Vitek 2 system as well as determined the antibiotic sensitivity test. Methods; One hundred swab of ear infection were isolated from dogs and cats ear infections in different veterinary clinic in Babylon province, at a period between 1january to 1 July 2022. Results: The results of pet animals swab collection revealed that the percentage of gram negative was 71(71%) while the positive was 29 (29%) as well as the biochemical test showed that the enterococcal cloaca percent was (64%), Klebsiella (19%), positive bacteria (6%), E. coli 3% and no growth was 7%. The biochemical tests showed positive for Catalase, Citrate. They gave negative reaction for Urease, Oxidase, MR (Methyl Red), Indole. By the other hand, the result of isolated E. cloaca that was plated onto culture media. then subcultures on MacConkey agar (MAC) and XLD agar. The Antimicrobial susceptibility test of E.cloaca against 55 conventional antimicrobial revealed that E.cloaca varied to a large extent. The isolated bacteria showed sensitivity for the most commonly used antimicrobials for treatment of bacterial otitis media in dog and cat which were amoxycillin, amoxycillin+clavulanic acid, cephalospins, gentamicin and fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin) azithromycin, clarithromycin, neomycin and ploymyxin-B. In contrast, the present study showed that E.cloaca resistant for three antibiotic belongs from beta lactam group (Cefsulodin, Loracarbet and Cefpodoxime). Conclusion: the production of inhibitor-resistant β-lactamases by E. cloacae isolates could be increasingly common in nosocomial pathogens other than E. coli or K. pneumoniae in pet animals ear infection in Al-Hilla city Babylon province, Iraq.

Uncovering the Reactivity of Cobalt‐Catalyst Towards Regioselective Hydroarylation of 1,6‐Diyne via Weak‐Chelation Assisted C−H Bond Activation

AbstractHerein, we report the reactivity of cobalt(III)‐catalyst towards hydroarylative functionalization of 1,6‐diyne, which has never been explored before. The N‐aryl lactam is the prime substrate that undergoes sp2 C−H bond activation. C−Co(III) bond formation occurs through weakly coordinating lactam group. The reaction mechanism reveals the in‐situ formation of a six‐membered cobaltacycle which undergoes further functionalization with 1,6‐diyne. Also, radical quenching experiments suggest the involvement of the ionic pathway for this conversion. In addition, hydrogen scrambling and kinetic isotope experiments support the proposed mechanism. A wide range of electronically biased substrates and reacting partners work well with this method in a highly atom‐economical fashion.

Non-Covalent Interactions in the Self-Assembly of Dihydropyridone Supramolecules and In Vitro Anti-Cancer Assessment in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (A549).

The synthesis of dihydropyridone derivatives has been reported by ring rearrangement of pyrans using iodine and formic acid as a catalyst separately. Dihydropyridones were crystallized subjected for single-crystal X-ray crystallography to acquire their structural parameters. The different non-covalent interactions involved within the supramolecular systems were studied and validated using Hirshfeld surface plot analysis. N-H⋅⋅⋅O interactions between the lactam group dominate. Still, other non-covalent interactions such as C-H⋅⋅⋅N, C-H⋅⋅⋅O, C-H⋅⋅⋅C, N-H⋅⋅⋅N, C-H⋅⋅⋅π, and lone pair⋅⋅⋅π systems act as the driving force in facilitating the self-assembly of the dihydropyridone supramolecules. The synthesized compounds were analyzed by in vitro techniques using human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) to evaluate their cytotoxic activities. Ethyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,4,5,6- tetrahydropyridine-3-carboxylate has shown the highest cytotoxicity among all the synthesized compounds. Molecular recognition properties of the dihydropyridone compounds were also studied, employing molecular docking tools to gain insight into the binding mode inside the allosteric binding pocket of the Eg5 protein through non-covalent interactions.

Scouting Different Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Chemotypes in Silico To Guide the Design of Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant Agents.

During the last years, we developed a large library of new selective phosphodiesterase 4D inhibitors, maintaining the catechol portion of the well-known PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram, featuring different substitutions in place of the lactam group of this reference compound. Based on the X-ray analysis of PDE4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) previously synthesized by us and of naphthyridine- and naphthyridinone-containing derivatives exhibiting PDE4 inhibitory ability described in the literature, we designed and synthesized new compounds 1-3. All of them were screened in silico as putative PDE4Is, via molecular docking studies to exploit structural variation at the catechol group to gain further contacts especially with the flat aromatic residues (Phe506 and Phe538) of enzyme. Subsequent in silico prediction of ADMET properties and in vitro biological assays on platelets and endothelial cells are in good agreement with our previous data concerning the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activity exhibited by our previous PDE4Is and similarly to other well-known PDE4Is.

Lactam node as a two-fold functional unit for achieving highly efficient and tunable dual-state emitters

Although custom design offers an opportunity for synthesizing molecules with desired emission characteristics, compared with single-state emission, underdeveloped methodologies pose a significant challenge to accessing and further tailoring of dual-state emission. Herein, we report 1,8-naphtholactam (Np) and its derivatives, which not only function as efficient dual-state emitters but also as excellent building blocks for tunable dual-state emitters. By adjusting the π-conjugated donor substituent, bright emission from cyan to red can be facilely tailored in both solution and the solid state, resulting in an approximative full-color emission. Structural analysis reveals that the lactam group of Np works as a two-fold functional unit, simultaneously guaranteeing molecular rigidity for solution emission and hydrogen-bond-modulated packing without detrimental long-range π-π stacking for solid emission. Theoretical calculations corroborate the experimental results and efficient red bioimaging of Human hepatocellular carcinomas (HepG2) cells is achieved after the incubation with an Np derivative. Therefore, our lactam substitution strategy is a new route suitable for achieving efficient and tunable dual-state emitters.

Weak-Chelation Assisted Cobalt-Catalyzed C-H Bond Activation: An Approach Toward Regioselective Ethynylation of N-Aryl γ-Lactam.

The sustainable C-H bond ethynylation of N-aryl γ-lactam has been achieved in a highly regioselective manner. In this protocol, earth-abundant cobalt(III)-catalyst was found to be effective, triggering the C-H metalation using a weakly coordinating lactam group. Herein, the ortho-(sp2)-H ethynylation has been obtained regioselectively. The mechanistic studies reveal the non-involvement of the radical pathway for this conversion. However, the parallel kinetic isotope experiment suggests that the C-H bond activation is involved in the rate-determining step. In addition, the synthetic utility of ethynylated N-aryl γ-lactam has been demonstrated for many useful transformations.

4. 1-Etylo-2-pirolidon. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej

1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) is a colorless liquid with ammonia-like odor. It belongs to the organic compounds from the lactam group, i.e., the ethyl derivative of 2-pyrrolidone. 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, due to similar physicochemical proper-ties, is used in industry as a substitute for 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). It is used as a solvent in polymer, petroche-mical, paint and varnish, and electronic industries. Moreover, it has been used as a cleaning agent for removing paints, varnishes, adhesives, oil or grease. 1-Ethyl-2-pyrrolidone can be absorbed through the skin as well as through inhalation and food. The aim of the this study was to develop and validate a method for determining 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone in work-place air. The developed method of NEP determination consists in adsorption of vapors of this substance on coconut shell charcoal, extraction with a dichloromethane and chromatographic analysis of the obtained solution. The study was performed using a gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (GC-MS), equipped with a polar ZB-WAXplus capillary column (length 60 m, diameter 0.25 mm and the film thickness of the stationary phase 0.5 µm). The developed method is linear in the concentration range of 15.0–320.0 µg/ml, which corresponds to the range of 1.5–32.0 mg/m3 for a 10-L air sample. The analytical method described in this paper makes it possible to determine 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone in workplace air in the presence of comorbid substances. The method is precise, accurate and it meets the criteria for procedure for measuring chemical agents listed in Standard No. PN-EN 482. Developed method of determining 1-ethyl- 2-pyrrolidone at workplace air has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see Appendix). This article discusses the problems of occupational safety and health, which are covered by health sciences and environmental engig.

Target Specific Uptake of a Newly Synthesized Radiolabeled 5α-Reductase Inhibitor "Tc-99m-17-Oxo-17a-Aza-D-Homo-5-Androsten-3β-yl Phenoxyacetate (Tc-99m-17a-Aza Steroid)" in Rat Prostatic Neoplastic Lesions.

Objective:Considering the 5α-reductase (5AR) inhibitory activity of the oximes and the importance of the ester group in increasing the anti-androgenic property, we reasoned to synthesize a compound having a lactam group in ring D and an ester group at the 3 β position of the androsterone nucleus. The study aims to radiolabel 17-oxo-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androsten-3β-yl phenoxyacetate (17a-aza steroid) with Tc-99m to evaluate its targeted uptake in experimentally induced prostate carcinogenesis in rats.Materials and Methods:The prediction of the optimal interaction and binding affinity of Tc-99m-17-oxo-17a-aza-D-homo-5-androsten-3 β-ylphenoxyacetate (Tc-99m-17a-aza steroid) toward 5AR inhibitor was done using Biopredicta Vlife MDS tool. Tc-99m-17a-aza steroid was developed by direct radiolabeling protocol. The radio-pharmacological characteristics (serum stability, plasma protein-binding ability, and lipophilicity) of the complex were evaluated. Further, the bio-distribution studies of the complex were performed in rats with experimentally induced prostate carcinogenesis.Results:The in-silico analysis exhibits favorable binding of Tc-99m-17a-aza toward 5AR with D score-130.97. The radiochemical purity of Tc-99m-17a-aza was 96.79%. The radio-complex maintained stability in the rat serum for a period of 6 h (hours). Plasma protein binding and Log Po/w value were observed to be 86.23 ± 7.08% and 0.118 ± 0.045, respectively. A significantly enhanced percent-specific uptake was observed in the prostate of rats with induced prostate carcinogenesis.Conclusion:The study concludes that Tc-99m-17a-aza exhibits prostate specificity and can be explored further for its potential as a radionuclide imaging probe.

PVP modified rGO/CoFe2O4 magnetic adsorbents with a unique sandwich structure and superior adsorption performance for anionic and cationic dyes

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) modified magnetic rGO/CoFe2O4 (PVP/rGO/CFO) composites are successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The addition of PVP effectively changes the morphology of the PVP/rGO/CFO composites. When the mass ratio of PVP to rGO is 1:1 during the preparation of the composites (named as sample S3), a unique sandwich structure is formed through the self-assembly behavior between rGO nanosheets and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with the aid of PVP. The adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized samples for different dyes is investigated. Here, it is noted that, owing to the specific microstructure, sample S3 exhibits superior adsorption properties, where, in terms of Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacities for MB, RhB and CR are 333.3, 558.7 and 355.9 mg g−1, respectively. Because of the typical magnetic characteristics, the adsorbents can be easily separated by a magnet. The adsorption kinetics accords well with the pseudo-second-order model. It is demonstrated that the excellent adsorption performance of cationic dyes MB and RhB is attributed to the synergistic effect of π-π conjugation interactions and electrostatic interaction, while the adsorption of anionic dyes CR is mainly due to the interaction between its functional groups and the lactam group in PVP. This study provides a new route to develop graphene-based magnetic adsorbents to simultaneously remove cationic and anionic dyes in the wastewater.

Preparation of Structural Color on Cotton Fabric with High Color Fastness through Multiple Hydrogen Bonds between Polyphenol Hydroxyl and Lactam.

Structural coloration is an important way to realize eco-friendly dyeing of textiles. Structural colored cotton fabric was obtained by fabricating a polydopamine (PDA) film on the white cotton fabric at different polymerization reaction times. PDA is prone to generate capillary tension during film formation, which damages the uniformity and interfacial bonding force of the film. Multiple hydrogen bonds will form between the lactam group of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and the phenolic hydroxyl group of PDA. The introduced hydrogen bonds will effectively enhance the interfacial bond strength and lead to structural color with high color fastness. The surface morphology of double-layer aggregates of the PDA film on structural colored cotton fabric was revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical constitution of the PDA film and PVP was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The color characteristics of structural colored cotton fabrics were analyzed by UV-vis reflectance spectroscopy and spectrophotometry.

1297. Azithromycin vs Beta Lactams in Acute Exacerbations of COPD

BackgroundBacterial infections cause approximately 50% of Acute Exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Current guidelines recommend a wide range of antibiotics, but evidence comparing agents is limited. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of azithromycin to beta lactams in the treatment of hospitalized patients with AECOPD.MethodsA multicenter, retrospective, observational study of adult patients admitted with AECOPD who received at least two consecutive days of either a beta lactam or azithromycin were included. The primary endpoint was treatment failure which is a composite endpoint defined as in-hospital mortality, admission to intensive care, initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation, requirement of a new antibiotic, steroid therapy escalation, or readmission due to AECOPD within 30 days. Secondary endpoints included each individual component of the composite endpoint and length of stay.ResultsOf 11,395 patients screened, 595 met the inclusion criteria (428 were treated with azithromycin and 167 patients were treated with a beta lactam). The most common reason for exclusion was the receipt of both azithromycin and beta-lactam in 9857 patients. The patients were similar except the azithromycin group was more likely to be African-American and less likely to have failed an outpatient antibiotic. Treatment failure rate was 19.6% in the azithromycin group and 32.3% in the beta lactam group (P=0.001). Patients in the beta lactam group were more likely to experience in-hospital mortality (P=0.023), require a new antibiotic during admission (P< 0.001), and were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days of discharge due to AECOPD (P=0.032). Length of stay was significantly shorter in the azithromycin group compared to the beta lactam group. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of adverse events among both groups.ConclusionTreatment failure rate and length of stay were significantly higher in the beta lactam group compared to the azithromycin group. However, there were no differences in the side effect profile among both groups. Further studies should be performed to confirm these findings.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Complex Formation of Cefazolin with Ca2+ and Mg2+: Synthesis, DFT, Spectral and Antibacterial Determination

AbstractMg(II) and Ca(II) complexes with cefazolin were synthesized and investigated using elemental and atomic‐emission analysis, TGA, X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13CNMR, DFT calculations, and QTAIM analysis. The thermal behavior of these complexes was also studied. In the magnesium complex, two cefazolin ions are coordinated to the metal ion through the oxygen atoms of the lactam and carboxylate groups as a bidentate ligand. However, cefazolin chelated to the calcium ion through both oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups and the lactam groups′ oxygen atoms as tridentate ligand. Sodium cefazolin and metal complexes were also screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The calcium complex exhibited higher antibacterial effects than the magnesium complex (5.2–7.7 % higher against S. aureus– and 15.4–27.3 % against E. coli), which is related to weaker binding of Ca, compared to Mg, with the oxygen atom of lactam group and, as a result, more free releasing of the lactam group in the solving process.

3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one and 3-hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one act as on-off selective fluorescent sensors for Iron (III) under in vitro and ex vivo conditions.

Regarding the abundant use of metals for different purposes, it becomes more critical from various scientific and technological perspectives to discover novel agents as selective probes for the detection of specific metals. In our previous studies, we have shown that aqueous solutions of natural urolithins (i.e., hydroxyl-substituted benzo[c]chromen-6-one derivatives) are selective Iron (III) sensors in fluorescence assays. In this study, we have extrapolated these findings to another coumarine compound (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one) and compared the selective metal binding properties with Urolithin B (i.e., 3-Hydroxy-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one). Following the synthesis and structure identification studies, the fluorometric studies pointed out that the lactam group in the structure still persists to be the important scaffold for maintaining selective on-off sensor capacity that renders the compound a selective Iron (III) binding probe. Moreover, for the first time, fluorescence cellular imaging studies concomitant to cytotoxicity assays with the title compounds were also performed and the results displayed the cell-penetrative, safe, and fluorescent detectable characteristics of the compounds in neuroblastoma and glioblastoma cells through servings as intracellular Iron (III) on-off sensors.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Health Care Workers and Its Containment in a Tertiary Care Hospital, in South India

MRSA causes nosocomial and community based infections. It is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Resistance in MRSA is encoded by mecA gene. Anterior nares are the ecological niche of Staphylococcus aureus. HCWs who are colonized with MRSA, act as agents of cross contamination of hospital and community acquired MRSA. Treating MRSA infections is a therapeutic challenge as it is resistant to beta lactam group of drugs. Therefore, there is a need for rapid and accurate detection of MRSA carriage in HCWs and to understand its antibiotic susceptibility pattern.The objective of the present study is to estimate the occurrence of MRSA in HCWs, using phenotypic and genotypic methods. A prospective study for six months was conducted after obtaining Institutional Ethical Committee clearance. Anterior nasal swabs of those HCWs who gave informed consent were taken processed for culture and sensitivity as per standard protocol. To detect MIC for oxacillin, E-strip method was used. mecA gene detection was done by PCR. A total of 300 HCWs were sampled.14.66% (44/300) of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, of which 10 isolates were detected as MRSA. The overall isolation rate of MRSA is 3.33 %(10/300). MRSA carriage was high amongst nurses (5/59, 8.47%), followed by doctors (4/105, 3.80%).Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed that highest resistance was to penicillin (75%) followed by amoxiclav (70.45 %).9 MRSA isolates were detected as mecA gene positive by PCR. MRSA carriers were decontaminated successfully with 2% mupirocin ointment and 2% chlorhexidine shampoo. This study reiterates the need for rapid and accurate identification of HCWs who have nasal colonization with MRSA, for reinforcing hospital infection control measures and decontamination protocol. This will help prevent the spread of MRSA in our community.

In vivo assessment of reversing aminoglycoside antibiotics nephrotoxicity using Jatropha mollissima crude extract

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely employed clinically due to their powerful bactericidal activities, less bacterial resistance compared to beta lactam group and low cost. However, their use has been limited in recent years due to their potential induction of nephrotoxicity. Here we investigate the possibility of reversing nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin in rat models by using ethanolic crude extract of the medicinal plant Jatropha Mollissima. Nephrotoxic male Wistar rats was obtained by gentamicin antibiotic, which then treated with two doses of J. mollissima crude extract for 3 weeks with monitoring their parameter in weekly base. Our results indicate that J. mollissima crude extract at both doses has strong protection ability against gentamicin nephrotoxicity, most of tested parameters backed to normal values after few days from the administration of the crude extract, which could be due to the antagonized the biochemical action of gentamicin on the proximal tubules of the kidney. The results of histopathologic analysis showed observable improvement in J. mollissima treated groups compared with untreated groups. Our findings suggests the J. mollissima has exceptional nephron protection potentials able to reverse the nephrotoxicity caused by gentamicin antibiotic.

254. Review of Clinical Outcomes in Patients Treated with Beta-lactam vs Non-beta-lactam Therapy for AmpC Producing Bacterial Bloodstream Infections

BackgroundAmpC beta-lactamase producing organisms are traditionally treated with carbapenem or fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Recent studies, however, describe similar clinical outcomes in patients that receive cefepime or piperacillin/tazobactam. We sought to assess outcomes in patients with bloodstream infections caused by AmpC-producing organisms that received beta-lactams compared non-beta-lactam therapy.MethodsData was obtained retrospectively from the electronic health record (EHR) from January 2012 to February 2020. The primary objective was 30-day mortality from the day of first positive blood cultures with Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., or Serratia spp. in patients who received non-beta-lactam therapy (carbapenem, fluoroquinolone, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) to those who received beta-lactam therapy (cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam). Secondary objectives included 30-day recurrence of bacteremia, pathogen isolated, source of bacteremia, hospital length of stay, and duration of antimicrobial therapy.ResultsA total of 90 patients were included, 50 in the non-beta lactam group and 40 in the beta-lactam group. Demographics were similar between groups. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in the beta-lactam group (20% vs 2%, p=0.009). Enterobacter spp. was the most frequently identified pathogen (67%), most commonly isolated from a urinary (31%) or intra-abdominal source (22%). The average duration of antibiotic therapy was significantly higher in the non-beta lactam group (18 vs 12 days, p=0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference found in hospital length of stay, recurrence of bacteremia, pathogen isolated or source of bacteremia between groups.ConclusionBeta-lactam therapy for the treatment of bloodstream infections caused by Amp-C producing organisms was associated with significantly greater 30-day mortality compared to patients that received non-beta-lactam therapy.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures