Lack Of Use Research Articles

Observations on China's Educational Discipline Policies: Taking Japan and South Korea's Educational Discipline as a Reference

Educational discipline refers to the process of educational behavior to stop and eliminate students' misbehavior, to help students correct their mistakes for the purpose of punishment as a characteristic of a form of education. The study analyzes the current situation of Educational discipline in China and its shortcomings, categorizes and analyzes the abuse of Educational discipline in China, the lack of use of Educational discipline, and the blurring of the concepts of Educational discipline and corporal punishment, punishment, and so on. At the same time, the study analyzes the policies related to Educational discipline in Japan and South Korea, and puts forward suggestions for the future development of China's Educational discipline policy and the problems that need to be avoided through the clear breakdown of the rules of corporal punishment in Japan and the infringement of the right to Educational discipline in South Korea due to the Human Rights of Students Ordinance.

Mobile Apps for the Personal Safety of At-Risk Children and Youth: Scoping Review.

Personal safety is a widespread public health issue that affects people of all demographics. There is a growing interest in the use of mobile apps for enhancing personal safety, particularly for children and youth at risk, who are among the most vulnerable groups in society. This study aims to explore what is known about the use of mobile apps for personal safety among children and youth identified to be "at risk." A scoping review following published methodological guidelines was conducted. In total, 5 databases (Scopus, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, Compendex, and Inspec Archive) were searched for relevant scholarly articles published between January 2005 and October 2023. The gray literature was searched using Google and Google Scholar search engines. The results were reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. For summarizing the features and users' experiences of the apps, a published framework for evaluating the quality of mobile health apps for youth was used. A total of 1986 articles were identified, and 41 (2.1%) were included in the review. Nine personal safety apps were captured and categorized into 4 groups based on the goals of the apps, as follows: dating and sexual violence prevention (n=4, 44% of apps), bullying and school violence prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), self-harm and suicide prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), and homeless youth support (n=1, 11% of apps). Of the 41 articles, 25 (61%) provided data solely on app descriptions and features, while the remaining 16 (39%) articles provided data on app evaluations and descriptions. Outcomes focused on app engagement, users' experiences, and effectiveness. Four articles reported on app use, 3 (75%) of which reported relatively high app use. Data on users' experience were obtained from 13 studies. In general, participants found the app features to be easy to use and useful as educational resources and personal safety tools. Most of the views were positive. Negative perceptions included redundancy of app features and a lack of usefulness. Five apps were evaluated for effectiveness (n=2, 40% dating and sexual violence prevention; n=2, 40% self-harm and suicide prevention; and n=1, 20% bullying and school violence prevention) and were all associated with a statistically significant reduction (P=.001 to .048) in harm or risk to participants at the 95% CI. Although many personal safety apps are available, few studies have specifically evaluated those designed for youth. However, the evidence suggests that mobile safety apps generally appear to be beneficial for reducing harm to at-risk children and youth without any associated adverse events. Recommendations for future research have been made to strengthen the evidence and increase the availability of effective personal safety apps for children and youth.

The Padlet Media Design Based on Bima Local Literature to Improve Student Writing Skills

This research aims to improve students' writing skills through the use of Padlet media which is integrated with local wisdom of Bima regional literature. The background of this research is based on the low writing ability of students caused by monotonous traditional learning methods and the lack of use of interactive media. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. Local literature, such as folklore and poetry, is integrated into Padlet's platform as teaching materials to provide relevant cultural context for students. The participants in this study are 30 students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at STKIP Harapan Bima. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in students' writing skills after the use of Padlet based on local wisdom. The average writing score of students increased by 25%, especially in the aspects of cohesion, coherence, and idea development. In addition, students also reported increased motivation and active involvement in writing learning through Padlet's collaborative features, such as writing sharing and feedback. However, there are several technical obstacles faced, such as limited internet access and lack of digital literacy among students. The results of this study have implications that the integration of digital technology and local wisdom can be an innovative strategy in improving students' writing skills, as well as fostering their cultural awareness.

Penggunaan Media Video dan Games Wordwall untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Siswa Kelas 8 pada Materi Kitab-kitab Allah

This research departs from the lack of student activity in learning Islamic religious education. Because the lack of use of media in learning makes learning tend to be more boring and monotonous for students. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to develop interesting learning media that must be prepared according to the needs of students. The purpose of this research is to determine the development and feasibility of learning media, video media, and wordwall games on the material of believing in the books of Allah in grade VIII SMP NU Palangkaraya.This research is a research and development of Research and Development (R&D) which refers to the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages which include analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The subjects of this study are media expert validators and material expert validators, using field trials applied to grade VIII students of SMP NU Palangkaraya.The results of this study are that video-based learning media products and wordwall games have been produced with assessments from material experts and media experts by material validators obtaining "decent" results to be tested, while validation from media experts has obtained "decent" results to be tested. Based on the explanation, it can be concluded that video-based learning media and wordwall games are suitable for learning students in grade VIII SMP NU Palangkaraya.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Use of ORS in Diarrhoea by Mothers in an Island of Bangladesh

Introduction: The second leading cause of death in under-five children is diarrhea. ORS is a simple and highly effective therapy for managing diarrhea. However inappropriate knowledge of preparation and lack of use of ORS leads to health hazards including increased rate of mortality and morbidity. So aim of this study to assess the knowledge, attitude, and Practice of mothers towards the use of oral rehydration solution in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out over eight months (1st May to 30th December 2023) among 510 mothers who had children of six months to five years and had recent episodes of diarrhea. Data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire in face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software program.Results: Among 510 mothers, 47.05% were 20-30 years old, 29.80% were below 20 years and 23.13% were over 30 years. One fourth of them had no institutional education and 36.27% had primary, 20.78% and 18.23% had secondary and tertiary level of education respectively. 40.39% were from lower socioeconomic condition, 31.97% were from middle and 27.64% from upper socioeconomic condition. 100% of family used sanitary latrine though 73.72% use safe drinking water as a preventive part of diarrhea.89.98% of mother was aware about ORS but only 75.88% used ORS in recent episode of diarrhea, among them 63.03% prepared ORS correctly and 60.98% used adequate amount. Age of mothers was not corresponds with the correct preparation and practice of ORS but socioeconomic condition and level of education carried statistically significant value. Conclusion: Knowledge and practice of ORS preparation and used of ORS in recent episode of diarrhea among the mother was unsatisfactory. Improve the Maternal education and socioeconomic status will improve ORS correct preparation and use. Mothers should be taught the importance of optimal use and correct preparation of ORS in diarrhea. EWMCJ Vol. 12, No. 1&2, January-July 2024: 43-49

Echo triaging works. How to use international guidelines

Abstract Introduction Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the first-choice non-invasive imaging modality for the assessment of cardiac structure and function due to its wide availability, speed, cost-effectiveness and reproducibility. Therefore, there is exponential increase in demand in TTE across all specialties in medicine and surgery. Hence, it is important to carefully triage patients according to current international guidelines. Purpose To reduce inappropriate TTE scans by using guideline driven indications in triaging echo scans in the UK tertiary hospital. Methods Strict list of guidelines driven indications adapted to local practice was used for triaging echo requests which included both inpatient and outpatient TTEs. The 4 objectives: appropriateness, completeness of requests as well as impact of performed studies on the follow-up and patient management plan were assessed before and after implementation of new triaging tool. To ensure similar working and staff environment was sustained we studied the pattern of referrals in the same month of the year- September. The triage process was conducted by accredited physiologists. The same month was chosen to reflect true change of practice. Change in patient management and follow up were evaluated for a minimum duration of 6-months. Results Overall there were 1112 TTEs performed in September 2022 and 1081 - in September 2023. Prospective TTE referral triaging began in March 2023. We have studied and analyzed above criteria retrospectively. In 2022 there were 18% inappropriate requests; 37% of requests lacked sufficient clinical information and 10% of studies did not lead to change in management plan according to clinical letters. There was also high proportion of inappropriate requests for inpatients (9%). Within 6 months of implementation there was a significant improvement in the appropriateness (82% vs. 99%, p<0.001), with increase in supply of adequate clinical information (63.4% vs. 86.1%, p<0.001). However, there was no significant change using TTE study results in changing patient management (10%). All inpatients had 100% appropriate requests. Conclusion The implementation of triage criteria resulted in a significant improvement in TTE referrals: both in appropriateness and completeness of requests. However, some clinicians did not use echo in patient management plan. Future research on lack of use of TTE results in clinical practice might help to utilize the limited echo capacity to full.

To Seek or Not to Seek? An Assessment of Partisan Media Avoidance and Its Correlates

ABSTRACT Scholars have noted the importance of studying avoidance of partisan media. However, most partisan media studies have only included measures of seeking out these sources of information and assume that avoidance is operationally measured as a lack of use of partisan media. Some scholars have argued that avoidance is conceptually distinct, so assessing avoidance as a lack of use may not be the best approach to measuring avoidance. In this paper, we extend this line of research by demonstrating that our measures of active partisan avoidance are separate concepts from use of these same outlets. Using two data sets and confirmatory factor analysis, our results reveal that models where use and avoidance are treated as separate concepts fit the data better than when these concepts are treated as one factor. We also evaluate the validity of these measures. In general, this study suggests that scholars may want to consider assessing avoidance when studying this concept rather than just assessing use.

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Web Game Wordwall pada Materi Pengaruh Gaya terhadap Benda Menggunakan Model Problem Based Learning di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar

This study was motivated by the lack of use of digital technology-based media in IPAS learning, especially in the material of the effect of force on objects. In the results of observations and interviews it was found that students' interest in learning was very high by using digital-based learning media, so the development of digital-based interactive learning media was needed. This research aims to develop interactive learning media based on the Wordwall web game using the Problem Based model that is valid, practical, and effective. This media development uses the ADDIE model, which consists of several stages, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The research was conducted in class IV SDN 05 Tarok Dipo with 20 students. The results of the material expert validity test on learning media obtained a percentage of 89% with a very valid category, the results of the language expert validity test obtained a percentage of 97% with a very valid category, and the results of the media expert validity test obtained a percentage of 78% with a valid category. The results of the teacher response practicality test obtained a percentage of 96% with a very practical category. The results of the student response practicality test obtained a percentage of 92.5% with a very practical category. The results of the effectiveness test obtained a pre-test with a result of 67% and a post-test of 85%, this shows an increase in learning outcomes. So it can be concluded that the interactive learning media based on the Wordwall web game on the material of the effect of force on objects using the problem-based learning model in grade IV elementary school is declared valid, practical, and effective.

Development of Flipped Classroom Based Learning Devices Assisted by the Nearpod Application in Integrated Thematic Learning in Third Class of Elementary Schools

The educational era influenced by the industrial revolution 4.0 is called Education 4.0, which is characterized by the use of computerized innovation in every educational cycle. The problem that researchers encountered at SDN 8 Lawang Kidul and SDN 16 Lawang Kidul was the lack of use of varied learning media and the use of technology. This research aims to develop a Nearpod application-assisted learning tool based on Flipped Classroom for integrated thematic learning in class III elementary schools that is valid, practical and effective. This research is included in Research and Development research which uses the ADDIE development model. Data collection uses observation, questionnaire interviews and written tests. The research subjects were class III students at SDN 8 Lawang Kidul and SDN 16 Lawang Kidul. Data analysis uses a Likert scale by looking at validation analysis, practicality and effectiveness of the Nearpod Application-Assisted Learning Tool based on Flipped Classroom. This research produced a flipped classroom-based learning tool assisted by the nearpod application in integrated thematic learning in class III of this elementary school, namely for material expert validators who got a score of 92%, media expert validators got a score of 96% and language expert validators got a score of 92%. For the practicality questionnaire, teacher responses scored 95.5% and for the practicality questionnaire, student responses scored 90.04%, which is categorized as very practical. The effectiveness test shows an increase in learning outcomes from an average of 54.002 to 87.46. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the flipped classroom-based learning device assisted by the nearpod application in integrated thematic learning in class III elementary schools meets the valid, practical and effective categories so that it can improve student learning outcomes.

Development of Augmented Reality Learning Media on IPAS Subject Matter of the Respiratory System

The lack of use of learning tools in science and science lesson content regarding the respiratory system in class V elementary school makes students quickly feel bored. This results in students not understanding what has been conveyed by the teacher. This investigation aims to develop augmented reality learning media for science and science lesson content on the respiratory system for class V elementary schools. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D) which refers to the Borg and Gall theory with ten stages. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation, question and answer, and questionnaires. Based on the data analysis carried out, the following results were obtained. The results of the material expert validation test were 81.60% which was included in the very feasible group; The results of the media expert validation test were 96.60% which was included in the very feasible group. Apart from that, scores were obtained before and after the use of the learning media developed. As seen from the results of these values, the media developed is declared effective if used as a learning tool in the science and science learning content regarding the respiratory system. So, it can be concluded that the tools developed are suitable and effective for use in the learning process.

Large language model use in clinical oncology

Large language models (LLMs) are undergoing intensive research for various healthcare domains. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses current applications, methodologies, and the performance of LLMs in clinical oncology. A mixed-methods approach was used to extract, summarize, and compare methodological approaches and outcomes. This review includes 34 studies. LLMs are primarily evaluated on their ability to answer oncologic questions across various domains. The meta-analysis highlights a significant performance variance, influenced by diverse methodologies and evaluation criteria. Furthermore, differences in inherent model capabilities, prompting strategies, and oncological subdomains contribute to heterogeneity. The lack of use of standardized and LLM-specific reporting protocols leads to methodological disparities, which must be addressed to ensure comparability in LLM research and ultimately leverage the reliable integration of LLM technologies into clinical practice.

Social and economic importance of new bamboo species established in three municipalities of the North Eastern Mountain range of Puebla, Mexico

The study was conducted in three municipalities of Puebia, Mexico. The objectives were to identify the species of bamboo in the North Eastern region of Puebla, know the climatic conditions and agronomic systems where it grows, characterize the socioeconomic situation of the producers, and identify the contribution to the family economy. A review of the history of cultivation in Mexico was carried out at the National Herbarium of Mexico (MEXU). For the collection of information, it was considered that the bamboo system was within the local agricultural system and selection of municipalities was based on the productive relationship of the crop and the introduction of species in the area. Sixty-four surveys were done of bamboo producers through the questionnaire with social, economic, and productive variables related to the bamboo production system. In the Puebla’s North Eastern Mountain range there are two new species of bamboo, Bambusa oldhamii and Guadua angustifolia, both with different characteristics of uses and established in two production systems, the commercial and family system. At present they have a low commercialization of some bamboo derivatives and little use as food. The region is considered one of extreme proverty. The two species have a high potential for environmental adaptation agronomically they are developed as a single crop in backyards and used in various commercial activities. The lack of use of the crop in the region and its rapid natural expansion due to the environmental conditions for its growth, induces the tendency to consider it as an undesirable plant

Trends in changing the structure of anesthesia at the advanced stages of medical care in modern armed conflict

The objective was to analyze the structure of anesthesia provided to the wounded at the advanced stages of medical care in the active phase of hostilities.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical data of anesthesia was performed. The data on the structure of anesthesia in military medical organizations of 1–3 levels in the zone of a special military operation for the period from 01.2023 to 07.2024 were analyzed.Results. In the structure of combat trauma, with the need for surgical intervention, gunshot wounds amounted to 85.2%, there was a predominance of combined (71.5%) and multiple (19.8%) wounds.The low proportion of combined general anesthesia and the lack of use of inhalation anesthesia at some stages is explained by the special conditions of care. Regional anesthesia (RA), including as part of combined anesthesia, in the structure of anesthesia at the stages of emergency specialized surgical care amounted to 34.5%, and at the stages of qualified surgical care – 25.4%. The lowest rates of RA use were at the stages of level 1, as well as at the stages of level 2 with a 100% flow of primary wounded.Conclusion. RA occupies a significant share in the structure of anesthesia at the military stages of medical evacuation; an increase in the frequency of its use is possible due to the introduction of ultrasonic navigation.

Exploring Students Awareness, Access and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Architectural Design

Artificial intelligence has become a trending topic in the last decade and has permeated all spheres of life and profession and Architecture is no exception. The use of artificial intelligence in architecture is still in its infancy as more research is still being carried out in the application of artificial intelligence in architecture to solve problems ranging from intelligent material design to architectural plan solutions. This study aimed to examine students’ levels of awareness, access, and use of artificial intelligence in architectural design at selected tertiary institutions in Southeast Nigeria. The three tertiary institutions selected are; The Department of Architectural Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, The Department of Architectural Technology Abia State Polytechnic, Aba and The Department of Architecture, Abia State University, Uturu. The main objective is to carry out a survey to investigate the awareness, access, and utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in architectural design among students in selected tertiary institutions in Southeast Nigeria. This study adopted a descriptive research design of the survey method and employed a three-sectioned questionnaire to elicit information from the respondents. The sample size included a multistage sample of 300 undergraduates across three tertiary institutions in Ebonyi State and Abia State. The findings of the study were that the majority of the students are not aware of artificial intelligence and will use AI if they are aware of it and have access to it for their architectural design. Therefore, there is a need for integrating AI-related courses and workshops into the Architectural curriculum which can lead to better-prepared graduates who are proficient in using advanced design tools, potentially increasing their employability and innovation in the field. This study concluded that students' ability to explore digital resources such as AI for Architectural design is dependent on their awareness and access to digital technologies. A lack of these will result in a lack of use and lack of skill to use them.

Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2

Teachers still face various challenges in implementing learning in the classroom. Some of them are students who are less active, lack of use of technology, lack of use of concrete objects, and students' social and science learning outcomes that have not yet reached the criteria for achieving learning objectives. The research entitled "Application of the PBL Model with Multimedia in Improving Class IV Social and Science Learning Result at SDN Nglanduk 2" aims to describe the steps for implementing the PBL model with multimedia in improving Class IV Social and Science learning result and identify whether the PBL model with multimedia can improve learning result class IV. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) model is a learning model whose application uses concrete problems to develop problem solving and critical thinking skills so that it can improve student learning outcomes. Multimedia can attract students' attention and make learning more enjoyable. This research was carried out at SDN Nglanduk 2. The classroom action research procedure used refers to the Action Research methodology, namely 1) Planning, 2) Action (Implementation of Action), 3) Observation (Observation), 4) Reflection (Reflection), which is carried out in 2 cycles. Learning evaluation is carried out after the material is presented to find out to what extent students can understand the material being taught. The evaluation results show that there is an increase in learning outcomes, namely in cycle I it was 40%, up 20% to 60% and cycle II, namely 60%, up 40% to 100%. From this Classroom Action research it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with multimedia can improve social and science learning for class IV at SDN Nglanduk 2.

Concussion Incidence by Type of Sport: Differences by Sex, Age Groups, Type of Session, and Level of Play An Overview of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To (1) summarize pooled prevalence and incidence rates of concussion by type of sport and (2) synthesize the differences in prevalence or incidence rates of concussion by type of sports in terms of sex, age, type of session, and level of competition. DESIGN: An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: CINAHL, Embase, Epistemonikos, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Systematic reviews with meta-analyses reporting pooled incidence or prevalence of sport-related concussion. DATA SYNTHESIS: AMSTAR 2 was used to assess the methodological quality of reviews. Overlap between reviews was calculated. RESULTS: Ten systematic reviews with meta-analysis were included, all evaluating incidence rates of concussion. There were no meta-analyses of concussion prevalence. Concussions seem to have a higher incidence in rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football. In reviews that explored sex-based differences across subgroups, there was a higher incidence rate of concussion in baseball-softball, basketball, and soccer in females compared to males. There were no age subgroups analyzed. The incidence of concussions was higher during games compared to practice in American football, ice hockey, rugby, and soccer. Amateur rugby had higher concussion rates compared to professional rugby. CONCLUSIONS: Rugby, snowboarding, ice hockey, and American football had the highest incidence rate of concussion when no other differences (eg, type of session) were considered. However, important methodological flaws were detected, such as the lack of use of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) system and subgroups for specific factors (eg, age groups). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(11):1-9. Epub 15 October 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12677.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Katolik dengan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Fase C Kelas V SDN 105302 Tangkahan

Education is simply defined as human efforts to nurture and develop innate potential both physically and spiritually in accordance with the values present in their society and culture. The Merdeka Curriculum is a curriculum with diverse intracurricular learning and improved content, allowing students sufficient time to learn concepts and strengthen skills. The purpose of Catholic Religious Education in schools is to encourage students to interact or communicate in understanding, confronting, and living their faith. However, at SDN 105302 Tangkahan, there are challenges in teaching Catholic Religious Education, namely the low learning outcomes of students due to more conventional and non-interactive teaching methods. There is a lack of use of engaging learning media and technology that is considered irrelevant to students' daily lives. This research aims to improve student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study uses a classroom action research method with fifth-grade students in phase C at SDN 105302 Tangkahan as research subjects. Data was collected through observation, tests, and interviews. The results show a significant improvement in concept understanding, collaboration skills, and student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model in Catholic Religious Education.

Effectiveness of osteopathic craniosacral techniques: a meta-analysis.

Craniosacral osteopathic manipulative medicine-also known as craniosacral therapy (CST)-is a widely taught and used component of osteopathic medicine. This paper seeks to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the clinical effectiveness of CST compared to standard care, sham treatment, or no treatment in adults and children. A search of Embase, PubMed, and Scopus was conducted on 10/29/2023 and updated on 5/8/2024. There was no restriction placed on the date of publication. A Google Scholar search was conducted to capture grey literature. Backward citation searching was also implemented. All randomized controlled trials employing CST for any clinical outcome were included. Studies not available in English as well as studies that did not report adequate data were excluded. Multiple reviewers were used to assess for inclusions, disagreements were settled by consensus. PRISMA guidelines were followed in the reporting of this meta-analysis. Cochrane's Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess for risk of bias. All data were extracted by multiple independent observers. Effect sizes were calculated using a Hedge's G value (standardized mean difference) and aggregated using random effects models. The GRADE system was used to assess quality of evidence. The primary study outcome was the effectiveness of CST for selected outcomes as applied to non-healthy adults or children and measured by standardized mean difference effect size. Twenty-four RCTs were included in the final meta-analysis with a total of 1,613 participants. When subgroup analyses were performed by primary outcome only, no significant effects were found. When secondary outcomes were included in subgroup analyses, results showed that only Neonate health, structure (g = 0.66, 95% CI [0.30; 1.02], Prediction Interval [-0.73; 2.05]) and Pain, chronic somatic (g = 0.34, 95% CI [0.18; 0.50], Prediction Interval [-0.41; 1.09]) show reliable, statistically significant effect. However, these should not be interpreted as positive results as wide prediction intervals, high bias, and statistical limitations temper the real-world implications of this finding. CST demonstrated no significant effects in this meta-analysis, indicating a lack of usefulness in patient care for any of the studied indications.Pre-registration available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/54K6G. https://osf.io/57t4w.

Recovery of Whey Protein by Using Microfiltration: Artificial Neural Network–Based Modeling and Effects of Different Operating Parameters

ABSTRACTMicrofiltration is one of the most suitable processes for protein recovery from whey due to its low energy consumption and lack of use of heat and chemicals. However, membrane fouling is one of the limiting factors in the microfiltration process, preventing its commercial use. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) based model was employed to study the effects of different operating parameters on membrane fouling in whey concentration. Trans‐membrane pressure, Reynolds number, and feed temperature were selected as the input parameters. Experimental data from the available studies were used to train the ANN. The ANN with 23 neurons gave a minimum mean squared error (MSE) for trans‐membrane pressure and Reynolds number. The ANN with seven neurons gave the minimum MSE for feed temperature. The predicted values from both ANNs well fitted with the experimental results with R2 < 0.99. Simulations showed that membrane fouling increased as flux reduction increased from 36.3% to 76.39% when trans‐membrane pressure increased from 0.5 to 2 bar. In contrast, a 19.96% reduction in flux was observed by increasing the Reynolds number from 750 to 2500. An increment of 77.37% of flux reduction was observed with increasing feed temperature from 30°C to 40°C. Simulations confirmed that transmembrane pressure, Reynolds number, and feed temperature strongly influence membrane fouling. An ANN‐based approach was the most accurate method to model membrane fouling for whey protein separation.

Experiences of Digital Transitions in Health and Social Care Services in Later Life: Findings and Reflections from a Collaborative, Interdisciplinary Exploratory Review

Health and social care services are increasingly shaped by the emergence of new digital developments. Research suggests that older adults are less likely to use digital devices and, therefore, risk missing out on essential health and social care services as these become more digital by design. We carried out an exploratory literature review using the terms ‘onboarding’ and ‘offboarding’ within the design, engineering, health, and social science literature to understand how researchers are currently thinking about older adults’ digital service needs, informed by discussions of stakeholder engagement with older adults in Edinburgh to explore their own experiences of digital transitions. The review process was implemented based on the methodology of Arksey and O’Malley for scoping reviews, and the findings were reported according to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The databases used were Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, IEEE Xplore, Engineering Village, PsycINFO, ASSIA and ACM. In total, 18 studies were finally included. Our findings show different interpretations of onboarding across disciplines and a lack of use of offboarding in the design of digital interventions. Additionally, our findings reveal inequalities in digital onboarding, as evidenced by the limited number of studies. Finally, we share a snapshot of our findings, together with reflections on interdisciplinary and collaborative processes.