Lack Of Parity Research Articles

A Case for Improved Global Coordination of Volcano Observatories

The distribution of volcano monitoring networks and volcano expertise does not correlate well with the global distribution of volcanic risk. All countries have cultural, financial, bureaucratic, political, and logistical barriers to effective risk reduction. The lack of parity amongst volcano observatories jeopardizes public safety and curtails scientific research and understanding. Having global data compiled daily to retain a full record of volcanic unrest would lead to large and meaningful improvements in future eruption forecasts. To make progress on these issues, the volcanological community needs greater collaboration, standardization, and support..

“All you’ve got to do is stop”: A Qualitative Examination of Gambling Stigma and Discrimination from the Perspective of Lived Experience

People with lived experience have drawn attention to gambling stigma as a harm in itself, justifying discrimination and exacerbating other harms. The gambling establishment’s response has reproduced individual responsibility by reducing stigma to a barrier to help-seeking. More recently, adapting to critiques of individual responsibility, the gambling establishment has expanded the issue to one of services and society. This paper identifies the structural dynamics that drive gambling stigma and discrimination from the perspective of lived experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults in Great Britain who had experienced gambling harm (n = 40). Several key themes were identified: (1) Harmless fun and individual responsibility; (2) Comparison with substance use; (3) The role of money; (4) Lack of parity in government policy; (5) Stereotypes of “typical” gamblers. The findings show the fundamental driver of stigma is the way commercial gambling functions and is enabled to function by the state, thus perpetuating the very conditions producing stigma in the first place. Stigma-reduction strategies that focus on changing individual behaviour or public information campaigns that tell people to get help early are insufficient: they are just another version of “responsible gambling,” where the individual is expected to do everything. Change requires addressing the unique features of gambling harm, stigma and discrimination, and the position the U.K. government allows commercial gambling to occupy.

Widening access to older people’s clinical psychology: Piloting a summer shadowing programme in older adults services

Within recent years, there has been an expansion of UK clinical psychology courses, additional psychological professions and increased attention to psychological wellbeing as part of the NHS Long Term Plan (NHS England, 2019). It has been an energetic time for clinical psychology and in turn, older adult clinical psychology. However, despite the expansion of training places, pervasive social inequalities have meant that for some a career in clinical psychology is less accessible, meaning that the psychology workforce is less diverse. This, in combination with lack of parity in investment for Older Adult Services, can mean older adults’ access to more representative psychological professionals remain hindered. The current paper explores a recent shadowing programme that our small psychology team and older adults’ mental health team piloted in the summer of 2023. Eight female students were able to complete the programme and provided insightful feedback on the experience. We reflect on future learnings and recommendations of setting up such projects in older adult services.

United States Federal Policies Contributing to Health and Health Care Inequities in Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico, a territory of the United States since 1898, has recently experienced an increasing frequency and intensity of natural disasters and public health emergencies. In 2022, Hurricane Fiona became the latest storm to attract media attention and cast a light on Puerto Rico's deteriorating conditions, including infrastructural failings, health care provider shortages, and high levels of chronic illness. Although recent events have been uniquely devastating, decades of inequitable US federal policy practices have fueled the persistence of health inequities in the territory. Here we demonstrate how existing health and health care inequities in Puerto Rico have been exacerbated by compounding disasters but are rooted in the differential treatment of the territory under US federal policies. Specifically, we focus on the unequal US Federal Emergency Management Agency response to disasters in the territory, the lack of parity in federal Medicaid funding for Puerto Rico, and Puerto Rico's limited political power as a territory of the United States. We also provide empirically supported policy recommendations aimed at reducing health and health care inequities in the often-forgotten US territory of Puerto Rico. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S6):S478-S484. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307585) [Formula: see text].

Projecting the Future Pediatric Subspecialty Workforce: Summary and Recommendations.

This article summarizes the findings of a Pediatrics supplement addressing the United States workforce for 15 pediatric subspecialties. It includes results from a microsimulation model projecting supply through 2040; growth is forecasted to be uneven across the subspecialties with worsening geographic maldistribution. Although each subspecialty has unique characteristics, commonalities include (1) the changing demographics and healthcare needs of children, including mental health; (2) poor outcomes for children experiencing adverse social drivers of health, including racism; and (3) dependence on other subspecialties. Common healthcare delivery challenges include (1) physician shortages for some subspecialties; (2) misalignment between locations of training programs and subspecialists and areas of projected child population growth; (3) tension between increasing subsubspecialization to address rare diseases and general subspecialty care; (4) the need to expand clinical reach through collaboration with other physicians and advanced practice providers; (5) the lack of parity between Medicare, which funds much of adult care, and Medicaid, which funds over half of pediatric subspecialty care; and (6) low compensation of pediatric subspecialists compared with adult subspecialists. Overall, subspecialists identified the lack of a central authority to monitor and inform child healthcare provided by pediatric subspecialists as a challenge. Future research on the pediatric subspecialty workforce and the children it serves will be necessary to ensure these children's needs are met. Together, these articles provide overarching and subspecialty-specific recommendations to improve training, recruitment, and retention of a diverse workforce, implement innovative models of care, drive policy changes, and advise future research.

Democracy Therapy: Lessons from ThriveNYC

Abstract Despite massive unmet needs, U.S. mental health care systems and policy continue to aim too low. Laments about brittle foundations-including inadequate funding, fragmentation, stigma, lack of parity, ineffectiveness, unavailability, overmedicalization, and coercion-all share the same source. The mental health system is not working because it has been chasing the wrong goal: to treat illness, rather than to enable people to do nurturing things together. A focus on community nurturing and caring changes everything. It yields better treatment approaches while also engaging with the mutually reinforcing and desperately needed work of social cohesion, emotional well-being, participatory action, and communal learning and connection. In fact, the nurtured emotional health of individuals is fundamental to humane and resilient societies and to democracy itself. And in the face of environmental collapse and the related unraveling of core institutions, the stakes have never been higher. This essay makes the case for a paradigm shift in care and explores a recent effort to implement it at scale: ThriveNYC. The successes and especially the failures of ThriveNYC point to the possibilities and challenges of this essential mission.

A Scoping Review of Experiential Learning in Counselor Education

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify, review, and map the concept of experiential learning in counselor education. The review provides an overview of the types of studies, the theoretical positioning, definitions, and positionality of experiential learning in counselor education. The study includes an overview of N = 38 studies that met the inclusion criteria. After coding each qualifying study, the resulting data was combined to provide an overview of how the literature of experiential learning is situated in the broader field of counselor education. Despite the lack of parity in how experiential learning is defined, there is increasing evidence that counseling education views experiential learning as a signature pedagogy that supports learner self-efficacy and identity as well as a means to complement counseling curricular content.

APA’s Government, Policy, and Advocacy Update (April 2023)

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Government & LegalFull AccessAPA’s Government, Policy, and Advocacy Update (April 2023)Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:23 Mar 2023https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2023.04.4.16APA Expresses Support for SAMHSA Expanding Access To Outpatient Treatment ProgramsThe Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has proposed a rule to make permanent some regulatory flexibilities for opioid treatment programs to provide patients with extended take-home doses of methadone. APA provided comments on the rule, supporting several of its provisions while also offering recommendations.“Methadone is a particularly effective form of MOUD [medications for opioid use disorder],” APA’s letter stated. “Unfortunately, the regulations governing methadone access have created significant barriers to care for many of those who need and want treatment.” The flexibilities for prescribing methadone that SAMHSA has allowed during the COVID-19 public health emergency “served as a starting point for reimagining methadone access in this time of vital need,” the letter continued.Specifically, APA expressed support for SAMHSA’s efforts to change regulatory language to reduce stigma toward people who use drugs or have an opioid use disorder (OUD); SAMHSA’s collaboration with the Drug Enforcement Administration to facilitate mobile medication units and increase methadone treatment for underserved populations; and SAMHSA’s proposal to eliminate the requirement that patients must have a one-year history of OUD to qualify for methadone treatment.Further, APA questioned some provisions, including limiting methadone treatment to people with moderate to severe OUD and excluding those with mild OUD. In the letter, APA also suggested that SAMHSA provide guidance on methods to ensure quality counseling services through, or coordinated with, the opioid treatment program.APA’s Letter to SAMHSA in Response to SAMHSA’s Proposed Rule on Methadone Access APA, AMA Urge CMS to Finalize Prior Authorization ReformsIn a letter to Chiquita Brooks-LaSure, M.P.P., the administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), the AMA, APA, and nearly 120 organizations representing physicians across the country expressed their strong support for proposed rules that would reform the prior authorization process for Medicare Advantage plans and Medicare Part D.In particular, the organizations expressed support for provisions that improve the coverage criteria for medical necessity determinations and protect access to care. Other provisions that the organizations support would protect patients from care interruptions, treatment delays, and unanticipated medical costs.“Recent [AMA] survey data show that 93 percent of physicians report care delays or disruptions associated with [prior authorization],” the letter stated. “AMA data also show that 34 percent of physicians report that [prior authorization] has led to a serious adverse event (e.g., hospitalization, permanent impairment, or even death) for a patient in their care. … Moreover, the Office of Inspector General 2022 report found that 13 percent of [prior authorization] requests denied by Medicare Advantage plans met Medicare coverage rules.”APA, AMA’s Letter to CMS on Prior Authorization APA Responds to CMS’s Request for Information on Essential Health BenefitsCMS recently released a request for information on essential health benefits (EHB) established under the Affordable Care Act. In its response, APA highlighted barriers that patients face to accessing mental and substance use disorder (SUD) services, the importance of telehealth in improving access to these EHB services, and the potential for the Collaborative Care Model to address gaps in coverage.APA noted administrative barriers such as prior authorization, workforce issues, and lack of parity. “Patients often experience a delay in accessing care due to the persistent shortage of psychiatrists and coverage across the country,” APA’s letter, addressed to Brooks-LaSure, stated. “As demand for their services increase, psychiatrists continue to meet capacity limitations.”Further, APA signed a coalition letter urging CMS to consider children’s needs when addressing EHBs. The letter emphasized that children require services and care specifically suited to their unique developmental needs.“Amid the children’s mental health emergency, there is a strong need to reduce the current gaps in coverage related to pediatric mental health services,” the coalition’s letter stated. “EHB requirements can play an important role in addressing these coverage gaps by incorporating coverage of pediatric mental health services in the ‘pediatric services’ category.” ■APA’s Letter on Mental Health and SUD EHBsThe Coalition’s Letter on EHBs for Children ISSUES NewArchived

LABOR MARKET IN UKRAINE: CURRENT STATE AND WAYS OF STABILIZATION

Introduction. The labor market is an important component of the country’s economic system, a kind of indicator of its state, as well as a reflection of the level of social development. Military actions on the territory of Ukraine, changes in the socio-economic situation necessary the development of a system of effective measures to stabilize the labor market in modern realities.
 The purpose of the article. The article aims is to research the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of its stabilization.
 Results. General trends in the development of the domestic labor market in the pre-war period are determined. The main indicators characterizing the current state of the labor market are analyzed. The trends of their change during January-November 2022 are determined. Government initiatives that contributed to increasing the flexibility of the labor market, stimulating employment, and optimizing labor relations are considered. Two trends characteristic of the modern labor market are identified. In particular, the appearance of new vacancies in the western regions of Ukraine, which is the result of the relocation of business from the southern and eastern parts of the country and the increase in the number of unemployed in the front-line territories, as well as those where active hostilities are taking place. Possible ways of stabilizing the domestic labor market during martial law are substantiated. It is proposed to focus efforts on three areas: creation of favorable conditions for conducting business activities; ensuring the employment of the population and guaranteeing the appropriate level of wages; stabilization of the social and humanitarian situation and prevention of exacerbation of social tension in society.
 Conclusions. Today, the labor market of Ukraine are characterized by significant deformation, lack of parity between demand and supply, and a drop in the level of income of the population. Its stabilization is an extremely important task, given the emergence of various population groups affected by the armed conflict. In current realities, state regulation of the labor market is an important prerequisite for expanding employment opportunities and raising the standard of living standards of the population.

The Power of the Weak in the WTO How David Overcome Goliath

It is undoubtedly accurate that there is a lack of parity in the WTO dispute system. Although the system has been lauded as being a rule-based adjudication system, developing country members and least-developed countries (LDCs) have to go to great lengths to protect their interests against a formidable trade partner. Remarkably, a few of them have successfully turned the tables with clever approaches in trade disputes against more resourceful and powerful members of the WTO. This paper adopts an exploratory qualitative research method using an in-depth analysis of six case studies of trade disputes between economies classified as “weak” against economies classified as “strong” members of the WTO. A total of 391 cases that were filed between 1995 and 2021 were first examined. Subsequently, out of 100 cases where developing countries participated in the WTO litigation as complainants, a total of 10 cases in which “the weak” member prevailed. Six cases were chosen because they explicitly illustrate how the “weak” WTO members harness their resources and unique winning tactics to overcome the “strong” WTO members’ ample supply of resources and aggressive tactics. The paper shows that governance effectiveness, influential alliances, public-private partnerships, government-NGO collaboration, engagement of academics and experts, effective use of the Advisory Centre on WTO Law (ACWL) coupled with effective leadership and clear plans were crucial for weak members' successful legal challenge at the WTO. These findings present promising tactics that WTO members could use to prevail in their trade disputes against a “stronger” WTO member. They should, at best, inspire “weak” members to overcome their hesitance to use the WTO judicial process to protect their interests either as parties or marginally as third parties. Indeed, the developing country members and LDCs have a variety of tools they can put to work when filing a dispute to help maximize the benefits and lower litigation costs. Chief among them is the AWCL. Our case analysis shows that ACWL's low cost has relatively attenuated “weak” members' legal and financial stakes associated with a trade dispute.

Suppose FIRPTA Was Repealed

This article argues, as others have before, that the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (or “FIRPTA”), or at least the provisions of FIRPTA relating to “United States real property holding corporations,” should be repealed. Their enactment in 1980 was misguided and in any event changes in the Internal Revenue Code since then have made the provisions obsolete. But if FIRPTA is repealed, in whole or in part, the article argues that the lack of parity between foreign investment in real property that is made directly or through a partnership, on the one hand, and foreign investment in a real estate investment trust (or a regulated investment company that invests in shares of real estate investment trusts) should be dealt with. Otherwise, repeal will exacerbate existing distortions (which were already pushed further by FIRPTA) resulting from the choice of the entity used to make an investment in US real property. The article also suggests that repeal of FIRPTA would provide an opportunity to look at the taxation of foreign investment in the United States more broadly and in particular the rules that tax income from U.S. real property. The tax treatment of inward investment is a generally neglected subject.The article concludes by arguing against legislation that would keepthe FIRPTA rules and simply expand provisions of present law that favor foreign investment through real estate investment trusts, such as the Real Estate Jobs and Investment Act of 2011.

Parity lost

Abstract Following Bakhtin (e.g., [1999] 1984, 184), dialogue studies have assumed at least some form of parity between dialogic participants. But what happens when parity is significantly disrupted or lost entirely? In this report of cultural practice among the Hobongan living on the island of Borneo, I examine the results of lost parity on traditional Hobongan and Christian-influenced cultural practices. The Hobongan typically acknowledge the lack of parity and ignore it, or they accept the lack of parity and try to rejoin polyphony through conversion. Syncretism presents a more complex case because dialogue remains possible: both Hobongan and Christian-influenced practices are combined to avoid unpleasant dialogues.

A Brief History of Child Psychoanalytic Training

ABSTRACT This paper traces the history of child psychoanalytic education, with emphasis on Anna Freud’s vision of training as inseparable from observation and research, from the issues of children’s education and upbringing, and from service to marginalized families. Historical obstacles to the formalization of child training – lack of parity for non-medical practitioners, organizational hierarchies, negative attitudes toward child work – are reviewed, as well as the pathways by which leaders in the field ultimately surmounted these hindrances, allowing child psychoanalytic centers to develop and create novel training models. In conclusion, the author draws from this complex history to propose a number of potential future directions that might help revitalize contemporary training programs.

Positively Engaged Pathways: A Brief Pre-Employment Intervention for Transition Age Youth With Disabilities

PurposeThis study was a pilot of a brief psychological capital (PsyCap) intervention with a sample of transition age youth with disabilities (N = 24) in a school setting. Substantial evidence supports the relationship between PsyCap and employment outcomes. Transition age youth with disabilities are an important target for pre-employment counseling interventions due to a lack of parity in postsecondary outcomes. Researchers have successfully boosted PsyCap in adult samples using brief interventions.MethodsPsyCap and vocational outcome expectancy (VOE) were compared in a repeated measures design.ResultsPsyCap and VOE, and PsyCap and school performance were significantly correlated in our sample, but no differences were observed in PsyCap or VOE postintervention.ConclusionAs the first known effort to develop a PsyCap driven pre-employment intervention for transition age youth with disabilities, our experience and findings provide several implications for practice and future research. Aspects of the intervention to be modified for future efforts are presented.

Topological localized states in the time delayed Adler model: Bifurcation analysis and interaction law.

The time-delayed Adler equation is the simplest model for an injected semiconductor laser with coherent injection and optical feedback. It is, however, able to reproduce the existence of topological localized structures (LSs) and their rich interactions. In this paper, we perform the first extended bifurcation analysis of this model and we explore the mechanisms by which LSs emerge. We also derive the effective equations governing the motion of distant LSs and we stress how the lack of parity in time-delayed systems leads to exotic, non-reciprocal, interactions between topological localized states.

MÁS ALLÁ DE LAS MÍSTICAS: EL EFECTO DEL MOVIMIENTO #METOO EN LA DANZA

This paper explores the effect of the #MeToo movement in dance and, more specifically, how the re-emergence of female cho-reography in ballet can attribute certain consequences in changes of aesthetics in the art form and the normalisation of women’s repertoire in major ballet companies to the movement. The paper takes a chronologi-cal look at the last three decades, focusing geographically in the United States and the United Kingdom in order to provide a framework that may explain the changes that have taken place in the sector in the last few years. Feminist and gender studies will provide the academic fra-mework to analyse the press and media articles that seem to have played a major role in this resurgence of female choreography and leadership in the sector. Academic studies regarding the lack of parity in the sector at the upper tier of major companies and the historical neglect of women’s contributions to the development of the art form will also be considered in the analysis of recent changes in the sector. Miranda Fricker’s theory on epistemic injustice will also provide valuable help in establishing the possible factors that may have contributed to this historical neglect and its present consequences. The analysis will be mainly qualitative through the internal and external analysis of the collected sources.

Early adopters of paramedic prescribing: a qualitative study.

Aims:To explore the experience of paramedics who are early adopters of independent prescribing in a range of healthcare settings in the United Kingdom.Methods:Following a public consultation by NHS England in 2015, the decision was made in March 2018 to amend legislation to enable advanced paramedics to independently prescribe medicine in UK settings. Capturing the experience of these ‘early adopters’ will help to identify where paramedic prescribing can produce optimum benefits in healthcare systems, as well as enabling early scoping out of challenges to implementation and strategies for resolving challenges. This exploratory qualitative study involved interviews with 17 paramedics who have undertaken the independent prescribing programme in the United Kingdom. Participants were recruited via social media and regional paramedic networks between May and July 2019. Interviews were conducted by telephone or video call and explored use/anticipated use of prescribing, benefits and challenges to prescribing and support for the prescribing role. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes.Results:Of the 17 participants, six were currently prescribing and the remainder were awaiting annotation. Participants worked in a range of settings, including: primary care, emergency departments, urgent care, walk in centres and rapid response services. Key benefits to prescribing were similar to those reported by other non-doctor prescribers and included: streamlining care for patients, improving safety, improving efficiency and facilitating new advanced clinical practice roles. Key challenges included: administrative IT issues, lack of ability to prescribe controlled drugs and managing patient/colleague expectations around paramedic prescribing. In general, participants felt supported in their prescribing role, both by doctors and other non-doctor prescribers, and felt confident to prescribe following the prescribing course. Concerns were raised about potential isolation in some settings, lack of parity in prescribing legislation across different professions and the way this is taught in prescribing programmes.Conclusion:Indications are that paramedic prescribing is rolling out successfully in line with expectations. Barriers and facilitators are similar to those reported by other non-doctor prescribers and independent prescribing is already an essential component to advanced practitioner roles in settings such as primary care. Findings highlight a need for greater alignment of prescribing legislation across non-doctor prescribers from different professions undertaking advanced roles.

Best Practices for Teaching Care Management of Undocumented Patients.

Different standards of care for undocumented Latino patients raises ethical questions for teachers and learners. This lack of parity can cause moral distress for both and prompts consideration of whether decisions made on a patient's behalf are ethical. Teaching advocacy and creating projects and partnerships to improve access and quality of care for this vulnerable population can help fight burnout and improve health outcomes.

A Summary Report from the Research Partnership on Women in Science Careers.

In response to the landmark report "Beyond Bias and Barriers: Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering," the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health issued a request for applications that funded 14 R01 grants to investigate causal factors to career success for women in STEM. Following completion of the 4-year grants, the grant PIs formed a grassroots collaborative, the Research Partnership on Women in Science Careers. To summarize the work of the Research Partnership, which resulted in over 100 publications. We developed six themes to organize the publications, with a "Best Practices" for each theme at the end of each section: Barriers to Career Advancement; Mentoring, Coaching, and Sponsorship; Career Flexibility and Work-Life Balance; Pathways to Leadership; Compensation Equity; and Advocating for Change and Stakeholder Engagement. Women still contend with sexual harassment, stereotype threat, a disproportionate burden of family responsibilities, a lack of parity in compensation and resource allocation, and implicit bias. Strategies to address these barriers using the Bronfenbrenner ecological model at the individual, interpersonal, institutional, academic community, and policy levels include effective mentoring and coaching, having a strong publication record, addressing prescriptive gender norms, positive counter-stereotype imaging, career development training, networking, and external career programs such as the AAMC Early and Mid-Career Programs and Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine (ELAM). Cultural transformation is needed to address the barriers to career advancement for women. Implementing the best practices noted of the work of the Research Partnership can help to achieve this goal.

Cracking the Intrapsychic “Glass Ceiling” for Women in Leadership: Therapeutic Interventions

ABSTRACTThe number of women holding elite-level positions in politics and business have significantly increased in recent years, but the lack of parity between the genders is still apparent. This article addresses the stereotypical thinking and the double-bind dilemma women face in obtaining promotions to top positions. It posits internal obstacles that stem from early socialization and may be worked through therapeutically. It proposes that individual psychoanalytic psychotherapy, in the context of object relations and attachment theories, combined with group therapy can facilitate intrapsychic growth towards leadership. Participation in a time-limited group for women may further their insight into the underlying barriers to top positions and facilitate the learning of how to move from fitting in to having a voice and becoming more independent and assertive. Women cracking the glass ceiling may contribute to external societal changes as the relational style of women will continue to gain momentum and redefine leadership in the workplace. Clinical examples will illustrate the therapeutic interventions.