Lack Of Output Research Articles

Constructing a robust data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the profitability efficiency of banks with financial loss

ABSTRACT This paper introduces a robust data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to address the limitations of traditional models in handling nonpositive data and applies it to measure the profitability efficiency of banks, including those facing financial losses. The proposed model offers several advantages over current approaches. The model is designed to resist the influence of extreme values and effectively handle variables with positive values for some banks and nonpositive values for others, can be applied under various returns-to-scale conditions and does not require any prior knowledge, overcomes the lack of translation invariance, considers nonradial input or output slack, and uses benchmark targets with economic interpretation. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate its effectiveness, and the results are compared with those obtained from commonly used methods, highlighting its superior performance in handling nonpositive data. Finally, the proposed method is applied to measure the profitability efficiency of commercial banks, demonstrating its practicality in real-world scenarios.

Exploring the model of laboratory construction and optimization to promote the transformation of research results in the context of big data

Abstract Scientific research results represent a country’s innovation capability. To previous statistics, the scientific research results of Chinese university laboratories are more focused on the basic research stage, while the industrialization and commercialization stages of the results are often broken. In this paper, by using the DEA model to determine the relationship between input and output, decision unit, and efficiency variables, the input-output indexes are selected for the calculation to obtain the comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of the transformation of scientific research results in university laboratories; subsequently, the output slack variables of non-DEA validity decision unit are analyzed differently. The results show a 63.41% difference between the maximum comprehensive efficiency value and the minimum value of the transformation of scientific research results in 30 universities, and the slack variable variance analysis reveals that there is 42.27% input redundancy and 31.87% output deficiency in 30 universities. This paper improves the conversion rate of laboratory scientific research results based on the improvement of input and output indicators from the decision-making level; and proposes the tripartite collaboration model of laboratories governments, and enterprises, which promotes the acceleration of scientific research results into the market and the industrialization of scientific research results.

Analysis Efficiency of BUMN Sharia Banks After the Merger

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency level of BUMN Islamic banking after the merger, analyze the value of input slack and output slack technical efficiency of BUMN Islamic banking after the merger in order to know which input or output causes inefficiency, and analyze the calculation of the ideal input and output values for efficiency. in state-owned Islamic banking after the merger. The data analysis technique in this research is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Bank Syariah Indonesia after the merger at the beginning of its formation was declared inefficient in the period of February 2021 and April 2021. This is because there are obstacles in its input and output. Based on the results of the analysis that has been carried out, it can be seen that the average Technical Efficiency (TE) is 0.988 indicates that the maximum output that can be generated by BSI using available inputs and technology is around 98.8% of the potential of Bank Syariah Indonesia.

An online statistical analysis of the hotel management and operation performance model

Abstract With the rapid development of Internet technology, the field of hotel management has begun to carry out informatisation construction, through which the management level and operational efficiency of hotels can be improved. The traditional hotel management work with a complex structure and cumbersome process is facing huge challenges. Therefore, this paper aims to design, develop and implement a small and medium-sized hotel management system based on customer relationship management (CRM), according to the characteristics of small and medium-sized hotel management. Management and system setting management of small and medium-sized hotels can reduce the hotel operating costs and increase the profitability by using this system. The department and employee performance appraisal can be divided into four dimensions, finance, customer, internal business process, and learning and growth for job analysis and design, using the key performance indicator method to lock key appraisal indicators, and ignore or omit irrelevant or insignificant indicators. Then the analytic hierarchy process is used to scientifically determine the indicator weights. The Delphi and in-depth interview methods are used to complete construction of the performance appraisal system, and the constructed CRM performance management system is used to achieve the hotel’s strategic goals, thus completing the fundamental goal of using the CRM model. The slacks-based measure model is based on the assumption of variable returns to scale, considering that the input redundancy and output deficiency of ineffective decision-making units are measured based on their slack. This paper defines input inefficiency as the ratio of input slack to actual input, and output inefficiency as the ratio of output slack to actual output. The total input inefficiency rate of the hotel industry in China’s ineffective provinces and regions is 0.458, while the total output inefficiency rate is 0.077, indicating that if the total investment in the hotel industry is reduced by 47.8% on average and the total output is increased by 6.9% on average, the hotels in these ineffective provinces and regions can all be relatively effective. Finally, the overall performance of the system will be evaluated, and a set of safe, convenient and friendly hotel management system will be developed.

An Inefficient Urban Co-operative Credit Societies Moving towards Efficiency Frontier – D.E.A. Approach

This paper entitled “An Inefficient urban co-operative credit societies moving towards efficiency frontier –D.E.A. Approach” attempts to measure the efficiency and identify & improve input /output slack of inefficient societies to plot them on efficiency curve by employing Data Envelopment Analysis (D.E.A.) technique. To measure the efficiency of UCCSs operating in the state of Goa, four input variables namely: owned funds, employee cost, interest expenses, and non-interest are selected. The study also considered five output variables namely: interest revenue, other revenue, loan & advances, investments and deposit. The analysis reveals that only ten UCCSs were efficient in terms of constant returns to the scale, variable returns to the scale and scalers efficiency for the period under study. The study identifies that two DMUs out of 30 UCCSs under study consideration have input as well as output slack. Analysis also divulges that one DMU has only output slack during terminal year. Further, study indorses that all inefficient DMUs can maintain its output at same level by reducing inputs if to be on efficient curve.

Airport use agreement types and input and output slacks: The case of U.S. airports

This study evaluates three common airport use agreement types in the U.S. and their implications on managerial slacks. The use agreement types studied are residual, compensatory and hybrid agreements. We find that airports adopting the residual method are more likely to perform poorly than their counterparts. Compensatory airports are observed to be more efficient. On average, the non-labor operating expense of residual airports was $31 million which is more than double the same expense of compensatory airports. Similarly, the slack in labor input at residual airports was more than two times the excess labor at compensatory airports. On the output side, residual airports had an average shortfall of $5.5 million in non-aeronautical output, compared to $0.14 million at compensatory airports. In the regression analysis, we find that compensatory airports also have a lower probability of having positive input slacks. Compared to residual airports, compensatory airports tend to have a lower probability of a non-aeronautical output slack. Lastly, among the airports that had a positive non-aeronautical output slack, the non-aeronautical output slack of compensatory and hybrid airports was significantly lower than that of residual airports. The findings imply a connection between airport slacks and the vertical agreements between airports and airlines.

Evaluation of Water Environment Performance Based on a DPSIR-SBM-Tobit Model

Environmental problems - specifically relating to water - have become the key factors restricting sustainable development. To evaluate the performance of water environment, this study takes 31 provinces in China as the research area and constructs a water environment performance evaluation index system based on a DPSIR framework (Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response). The undesirable output slack measure model (SBM) is used to calculate the water environment performance of 31 provinces from 2005 to 2017. According to the study, the performance of the water environment in China shows a trend of decline, and the overall performance is low. The water environment performance in different provinces shows obvious differences. The Tobit model is then introduced to analyze the influence of indicators on water environment efficiency. The driving force indicators have significant negative effects on water environment performance. The pressure indicators have significant positive effects on the water environment performance. The state indicators play a significant role in promoting the improvement of water environment performance. With regard to the impact indicators, both industrial added value water consumption and GDP growth rate have significant negative effects on water environment performance. The impact of different response measures on water environment performance is inconsistent.

Determinants of Technical Inefficiency of Saccos in Kenya: Total Revenue Output Slack Analysis

This study assessed the determinants of technical inefficiency of Saccos in Kenya. The explanatory research design was applied. The certified annual reports information was collected from a census total of 46 deposit taking Saccos and methods used in estimation of technical inefficiency were both non-parametric DEA and parametric SFA. The log truncated panel data covered a period of 8 years (2007-2014). The result indicates insignificant influence of all predictor variables on inefficiency given total revenue output (TR) slack as hypothesized in agency, x-inefficiency and intermediation theories. TR slack regression reflects a significant managerial influence as indicated by Gamma (0.999956). However, DEA result of all Saccos showed 0.024 mean inefficiency. The TR slack is key in identifying managerial inefficiency, thus apt for decision making while the relationship between earnings management and the insignificance of predictors given TR slack, should be explored in the future studies. Keywords: Saccos in Kenya, Technical Inefficiency, Total Revenue Output Slack. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-8-05 Publication date: April 30 th 2020

Who Is (Likely) Peer-Reviewing Your Papers? A Partial Insight into the World’s Top Reviewers

Scientific publishing is experiencing unprecedented growth in terms of outputs across all fields. Inevitably this creates pressure throughout the system on a number of entities. One key element is represented by peer-reviewers, whose demand increases at an even higher pace than that of publications, since more than one reviewer per paper is needed and not all papers that get reviewed get published. The relatively recent Publons platform allows for unprecedented insight into the usual ‘blindness’ of the peer-review system. At a time where the world’s top peer-reviewers are announced and celebrated, we have taken a step back in order to attempt a partial mapping of their profiles to identify trends and key dimensions of this community of ‘super-reviewers’. This commentary focuses necessarily on a limited sample due to manual processing of data, which needs to be done within a single day for the type of information we seek. In investigating the numbers of performed reviews vs. academic citations, our analysis suggests that most reviews are carried out by relatively inexperienced academics. For some of these early career academics, peer-reviewing seems to be the only activity they engage with, given the high number of reviews performed (e.g., three manuscripts per day) and the lack of outputs (zero academic papers and citations in some cases). Additionally, the world’s top researchers (i.e., highly-cited researchers) are understandably busy with research activities and therefore far less active in peer-reviewing. Lastly, there seems to be an uneven distribution at a national level between scientific outputs (e.g., publications) and reviews performed. Our analysis contributes to the ongoing global discourse on the health of scientific peer-review, and it raises some important questions for further discussion.

Performance evaluation and benchmarking of Indian electricity distribution utilities using data envelopment analysis along with sensitivity analysis

The present study aims to evaluate the relative efficiencies and benchmark of 55 electricity distribution utilities operating in different states in India by applying popular and effective performance evaluation method data envelopment analysis (DEA). Technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were also computed along with peer to peer comparison of inefficient utilities with efficient ones. Efficiency evaluation results with performance improvement schemes also were provided. The results indicate performance efficiency scores, input and output slack, input and output variable targets, reference group for inefficient DMUs with weights and classification of DMUs on the basis on sensitivity analysis. Based on these results, inefficient utilities can improve their performance by making strategic plans for performance improvement. This paper is one of the few published studies that benchmark the performance of Indian electricity distribution utilities by taking specific parameters of electricity utilities of India. Also, it is one of the first paper in which sensitivity-based classification of Indian electricity distribution utilities is being performed to find out sensitivity of variables.

Research on Evaluation of Equity Financing Efficiency of Listed Companies in Strategic Emerging Industries

This paper chooses 198 listed companies in strategic emerging industries, using DEA model to study the efficiency of equity financing, and carries on efficiency analysis, investment redundancy and output shortage analysis and industry comparative analysis. The results show that the efficiency of equity financing of listed companies in strategic emerging industries is inefficient. The comprehensive efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency are 0.370, 0.603 and 0.563. From the scale pay, the economic scale of Chuanrungufen should be increased, Zhongguobaoan and other 179 decision-making units should be reduced; Dongxulantian and other 169 decision-making units have different levels of input redundancy and lack of output; equity financing efficiency is unevenly developed between different industries.

DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL INEFFICIENCY OF SACCOS IN KENYA: LOAN OUTPUT SLACK ANALYSIS

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the determinants of technical inefficiency of Saccos in Kenya.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design. This study collected secondary data analyzed from the audited reports of the licensed deposit taking Saccos and macro-economic indicators sources over the research period. It focuses on environmental and specific Saccos' predictors affecting inefficiency of Saccos and measured the pure technical inefficiencies of Saccos during a period of pre-regulation and regulation. The explanatory research design was used. The financial reports data collected from a census of 46 Saccos was analyzed at two levels. First involves estimation of technical inefficiency by employing non-parametric DEA method and second concerned determination of inefficiency using parametric SFA. The log truncated panel data was used for a period of 8 years (2007-2014). The study was designed to address general objective of establishing the technical inefficiency, the macro-economic and specific Saccos variables determining the technical inefficiency of Saccos.Findings: The study concludes that all predictors jointly influence inefficiency and that are significant given loan to members' output slack (LM) or loan output inefficiency. Further, LM slack regression reflects significant random normal error as indicated by Gamma (1.45E-32), and DEA result indicated 0.024 mean inefficiency.Contribution to theory, policy and practice: The regulators or board may not utilize the output loan slack regression to specifically measure the management inefficiency impact on Saccos' operation while the Saccos predictor variables have significant influence on inefficiency. In addition, the random normal error indicates the influence of agency theory in Saccos is insignificant as the role of management influence given loan slack is minimal. The introduction of variables such as NPTA, MP, FLIB, CA, FI and LP in the financial reports of Saccos and inefficiency benchmarking using DEA and stochastic mechanism are important in regulation.

Environmental efficiency analysis of Chinese container ports with CO2 emissions: An inseparable input-output SBM model

We adopt an inseparable input–output slack–based measure model to estimate the environmental efficiencies of eight container ports in China during 2005–2014. Empirical results show that the pure technical environmental efficiency (PTEE) of container ports is low with a mean value of 0.567. Small differences are found among the ports in different regions. The Bohai Bay Rim port cluster shows the highest PTEE with a mean value of 0.601, followed by the Southern and Pearl River Delta port cluster, and the Yangtze River Delta port cluster with the lowest efficiency and a mean value of 0.537. The effect of input inefficiency on the PTEE of the eight container ports is greater than that of output inefficiency. CO2 inefficiency is 0.226 in Tianjin port but is as high as 0.206 in Ningbo port. In addition, Guangzhou and Dalian ports show low CO2 inefficiency of below 0.1. Different container ports present dissimilar CO2 emission reduction potentials. Most container ports exhibit excessive CO2 emissions in significantly different levels. Shanghai and Shenzhen ports should reduce 230,644 and 181,828 tons of CO2, respectively. A few target policies for improving the environmental efficiency of China's container ports are also proposed.

Variability in pathogenicity prediction programs: impact on clinical diagnostics

Current practice by clinical diagnostic laboratories is to utilize online prediction programs to help determine the significance of novel variants in a given gene sequence. However, these programs vary widely in their methods and ability to correctly predict the pathogenicity of a given sequence change. The performance of 17 publicly available pathogenicity prediction programs was assayed using a dataset consisting of 122 credibly pathogenic and benign variants in genes associated with the RASopathy family of disorders and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Performance metrics were compared between the programs to determine the most accurate program for loss-of-function and gain-of-function mechanisms. No one program correctly predicted the pathogenicity of all variants analyzed. A major hindrance to the analysis was the lack of output from a significant portion of the programs. The best performer was MutPred, which had a weighted accuracy of 82.6% in the full dataset. Surprisingly, combining the results of the top three programs did not increase the ability to predict pathogenicity over the top performer alone. As the increasing number of sequence changes in larger datasets will require interpretation, the current study demonstrates that extreme caution must be taken when reporting pathogenicity based on statistical online protein prediction programs in the absence of functional studies.

Experimental Study on MPS-HP-II Medium Speed Mills Applied on Unite Using High-Moisture Contained Coal

As a new type miller imported from Germany Company Babcock, MPS-HP-II becoming more and more popular because of its outstanding performance in grinding high moisture contained coal. But in daily operation in power plants, the operators encounter with many problems, such as a lack of output, and difficulties in finding proper operation point. In this paper, a we put up with a proper way to calculate the max output of MPS-HP-IImiller, which is demonstrated by experiment. Also we find the optimized working point of MPS-HP-IImiller by analysing the experiment result got by changing the primary air flow rate, separator angel, output and load force.

Dental treatment of a patient with central sleep apnea and phobic anxiety under sedation: report of a case and clinical considerations

Central sleep apnea (CSA) results from a reduction in lack of output from the central respiratory generator in the brainstem, manifesting as apneas and hypopneas without discernible efforts. CSA can lead to hypercarbia, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. Indeed, the patient may develop a disturbed breathing during sedation procedures. We report a patient who was diagnosed with CSA and had been on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for 5 years. He was referred for multiple tooth extractions under sedation owing to severe gag reflex and phobic anxiety disorder. The treatment was completed uneventfully under N(2)O and sevoflurane inhalation accompanied by midazolam and ketamine induction. The role of sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic agents as a precipitating factor for CSA is of particular concern. The combined administration of midazolam, ketamine, sevoflurane, and N(2)O/O(2) is a useful and safe option for patients requiring sedation.

Local government efficiency evaluation: Consideration of undesirable outputs and super-efficiency

The efficiency of the personnel involved in local government is considered to be critical for significant progress in global competition and development. This study adopted a super-efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model with undesirable outputs to evaluate the operating performance of Taiwan’s local governments. We also employed the concept of the Sharpe ratio to combine desirable and undesirable outputs and then, form modified outputs. The study revealed that, neglecting undesirable outputs would underestimate (on average) governments’ operating efficiency and cause incorrect efficiency rankings. Moreover, given specific real disposable income per capita, undesirable outputs regarding the volume of garbage clearance and air pollution are over-produced on average; however, unemployment rates are almost optimal. We therefore propose that, environmental protection policies are crucial for local governments to increase their performance and that the evaluated efficiency scores can be used by central governments as reference indices to subsidize local governments actively engaging in environmental protection based on the difference between the average output slack and each government’s output slack. Key words: Undesirable outputs, super-efficiency, data envelopment analysis, Sharpe ratio.

Eco-efficiency of urban material metabolism: a case study in Xiamen, China

In this research, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model of measuring the eco-efficiency of urban material metabolism has been constructed based on the urban material input and output indicators. According to the data of Xiamen from 1985 to 2007, an empirical study was conducted to measure the eco-efficiency of urban material metabolism using DEA program. The results showed a general downtrend of Xiamen's eco-efficiency of material metabolism from 1985 to 2007, in which there were 15 efficient years and eight inefficient years. The eco-efficiency and urbanization rate of Xiamen was remarkably negatively correlated. Moreover, the results revealed at 4 years (1995, 2001, 2002 and 2003) there had been undesirable output slack (environmental pollution), and at 2 years (1991 and 1999) there had been desirable output slack (GDP), and at 8 years there had been input slack (water, land, food and energy), especially for water and energy. Finally, some suggestions on promoting the eco-efficiency of urban material metabolism were put forward.

Robust model predictive control with zone control

Model predictive control (MPC) is usually implemented as a control strategy where the system outputs are controlled within specified zones, instead of fixed set points. One strategy to implement the zone control is by means of the selection of different weights for the output error in the control cost function. A disadvantage of this approach is that closed-loop stability cannot be guaranteed, as a different linear controller may be activated at each time step. A way to implement a stable zone control is by means of the use of an infinite horizon cost in which the set point is an additional variable of the control problem. In this case, the set point is restricted to remain inside the output zone and an appropriate output slack variable is included in the optimisation problem to assure the recursive feasibility of the control optimisation problem. Following this approach, a robust MPC is developed for the case of multi-model uncertainty of open-loop stable systems. The controller is devoted to maintain the outputs within their corresponding feasible zone, while reaching the desired optimal input target. Simulation of a process of the oil refining industry illustrates the performance of the proposed strategy.

Technical Efficiency of Poultry Egg Production in Ogun State: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach

The study examines the technical efficiency of poultry egg production in Ogun state using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and OLS regression. The data for the study were collected with the use of wellstructured questionnaires from poultry farmers. Average number of birds for small farm size is 301, for medium farm size is 740, while that of large size is 2288. The corresponding net returns were x589, x464.46 and x739.56 per bird per farm respectively. Majority of the farmers are relatively technical efficient in their use of resources, with mean technical efficient being 0.873. Farmers with large farm size are most technical efficient with a mean of 0.8877 followed by medium farm size with a mean of 0.8687 while small farm size has the least mean of 0.8638. The mean input slack for stock, labour and feed are 3.032, 8.942, 0.482 respectively, while the output slack is zero. Years of experience and education have positive effect on technical efficiency at 1 percent while household size negatively affects efficiency at 1 percent. The study concluded that poultry egg production is profitable in the study area and that majority of the farmers are relatively efficient.