Lack Of Job Descriptions Research Articles

Pharmacy Student Perceptions of Using AI-Based Interview Software (Big Interview) for Career Preparation

ObjectiveThe goal of this project was to understand the use of artificial intelligence–based interview software (Big Interview) for job interview preparation and its impact on pharmacy students’ self-confidence and interview preparedness. MethodsTwo classes of third-year pharmacy students (n = 234) enrolled in Professional Development Seminar were assigned to use Big Interview after attending lectures regarding interview best practices. After the activity, students were assigned to reflect on their experience using the software. Those responses were deidentified and retrospectively reviewed for analysis. ResultsOf the 234 students, 229 completed the activity, and 55.0% indicated they had increased self-confidence after the experience, 79.9% thought the activity increased their preparedness for interviews, and 34.5% and 38.9% had high or moderate self-confidence in their ability to earn a second interview or job offer, respectively. Thematic analysis identified positive themes of self-awareness and preparation for future interviews, whereas negative themes included lack of authenticity and lack of job descriptions. ConclusionThe data suggest that the use of Big Interview increases student confidence and preparedness for future interviews.

Perspectives of Executive Nurse Leaders on Advanced Practice Nursing in Saudi Arabia: Challenges to be Overcome and Opportunities to be Seized

Aim. To explore the perception of executive nurse leaders regarding the implementation of advanced practice nursing in Saudi Arabia. Design. An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative design was used. Methods. Purposive sampling was used to recruit chief nurse officers and executive nurse directors from government, private, and military health systems in tertiary, secondary, and primary settings. Data were collected from July to November 2022 using virtual semistructured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was conducted manually. Results. Eleven participants were included in the study. The following themes were identified: unique characteristics of advanced practice nursing, impacts of advanced practice nursing in nursing profession, challenges to utilize the advanced practice nursing roles, opportunities to foster the proper implementation of advanced practice nursing, and recommendations to move forward with fitting advanced practice nursing in Saudi health system. Participants characterized advanced practice nursing as specialized, advanced, and autonomous and reported that it increases access to care, provides efficient and cost-effective care, and expands nursing career pathways. The lack of job description, fragmentation of implementation efforts, lack of training programs, and resistance from physicians, nurses, and patients hinder its implementation. The Saudi Vision 2030, gaps in health care, the growing population, and the familiarity of the healthcare system with advanced practice nursing were viewed as opportunities. The following subthemes emerged under recommendations: establish, train, and implement. Conclusion. Executive nurse leaders perceived advanced practice nursing as a promising initiative to improve healthcare delivery and the nursing profession. Several opportunities make “now” the right time to implement it.

Clarifying the role of clinical research nurses working in Sweden, using the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire - Swedish version.

AimTo explore the role of CRNs in Sweden and differences in competences and tasks, using the Clinical Trial Nursing Questionnaire – Swedish version (CTNQ‐SWE).DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsParticipants were identified through strategic sampling. Data were analysed by descriptive and comparative statistics.ResultsThe respondents were experienced nurses who felt proficient in their role, they felt more acceptance by the principal investigators than by nursing colleagues. A majority of CRNs are involved in all procedures specified in the CTNQ‐SWE. The most often performed tasks, also rated as the most important by the CRNs, concerned informed consent and management of investigational products. The education was often informal: with a lack of job descriptions and professional development plans. Need of formal specialist education was expressed.ConclusionsKnowledge about the role description can be used by clinical research enterprise internationally and healthcare organizations aiming to support CRNs in their role.

Strategies for mitigating burnout among early career doctors in Nigeria: lessons learnt from the qualitative CHARTING study

Background Early career doctors (ECDs) are faced with many challenges due to their transition from undergraduate medical/dental studentship to being postgraduate doctors and being in an early phase of their career. The specific factors that affect ECDs in their careers and endeavors at the workplace range from poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries, to psychosocial problems (such as burnout [BO] syndrome). There is a dearth of information on BO among ECDs in Nigeria. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions of ECDs in Nigeria on the causal/predisposing factors of BO, effects of BO, and strategies for mitigating BO among ECDs in Nigeria. Method Using purposive sampling method, two sessions of focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 14 ECDs (key informants) holding key leadership positions and who were delegates of other ECDs in Nigeria were conducted to explore their experiences on psychological issues among ECDs. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results BO is an issue of serious concern among ECDs in Nigeria. The causes of BO are diverse, some of which include low staff strength, prolonged work hours, wrong counseling, lack of job description and specification, and abuse of powers by trainers. In order to mitigate the issue of BO among ECDs, the respondents recommended that work policy review, medical workforce strengthening, stakeholder dialog on ECDs’ welfare, regular psychological review of ECDs, and provision of free yearly medicals need to be looked into. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the participants considered BO issues among ECDs to be common, and it affected their performance and the overall quality of care in Nigeria health system. Based on our findings, there is an urgent need to mitigate the problem of emotional exhaustion among ECDs in Nigeria.

Conflict and Conflict Resolutions Experienced by Early Career Doctors in the Nigerian Health Sector: a Qualitative Report

Abstract Background. Conflicts across professional workgroup and hierarchies inundate the clinical workplace. Early Career Doctors (ECDs) are also affected either as victims or as a provocateur/perpetrator. The effects of conflict at their workplaces have both significant positive and negative dimensions and impacts on ECDs. Little has been reported about conflict among ECDs in Nigeria. Thus, this study explored the issue of conflict and conflict resolution among ECDs in Nigeria, in a bid to elicit information on the causes, consequences, perpetrators and victims. Method. This was a qualitative study, using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) to explore information on conflict and conflict management among purposively selected key respondents (n = 14) from seven tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. The respondents are ECDs who were leaders and representatives of other ECDs in their various hospitals. Two FGDs were conducted. Results. The result showed that conflict is inescapable in clinical settings and occurred at different levels. The perpetrators are varieties of health workers, and most are task-related conflicts, although there are relational ones. The conflicts with the government on labour-related issues are also frequent. The lack of job description and specification and power struggle among others were highlighted as the drivers of conflicts between ECDs and other health-workers. Conclusion. The findings of the study were discussed, and suggestions were made to reduce its effect, which would require structural solutions to mitigate at different levels and the diverse players in the health sectors.

Strategies for mitigating burnout among early career doctors in Nigeria: lessons learnt from the qualitative CHARTING study

Abstract Background Early career doctors (ECDs) are faced with many challenges due to their transition from undergraduate medical/dental studentship to being postgraduate doctors and being in an early phase of their career. The specific factors that affect ECDs in their careers and endeavors at the workplace range from poor remuneration, particularly in developing countries, to psychosocial problems (such as burnout [BO] syndrome). There is a dearth of information on BO among ECDs in Nigeria. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions of ECDs in Nigeria on the causal/predisposing factors of BO, effects of BO, and strategies for mitigating BO among ECDs in Nigeria. Method Using purposive sampling method, two sessions of focus group discussions (FGDs) involving 14 ECDs (key informants) holding key leadership positions and who were delegates of other ECDs in Nigeria were conducted to explore their experiences on psychological issues among ECDs. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results BO is an issue of serious concern among ECDs in Nigeria. The causes of BO are diverse, some of which include low staff strength, prolonged work hours, wrong counseling, lack of job description and specification, and abuse of powers by trainers. In order to mitigate the issue of BO among ECDs, the respondents recommended that work policy review, medical workforce strengthening, stakeholder dialog on ECDs’ welfare, regular psychological review of ECDs, and provision of free yearly medicals need to be looked into. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that the participants considered BO issues among ECDs to be common, and it affected their performance and the overall quality of care in Nigeria health system. Based on our findings, there is an urgent need to mitigate the problem of emotional exhaustion among ECDs in Nigeria.

Constitutional Foundations of Granting State Powers to the Entities of Private Law (using the example of management companies)

This article deals with the legal status of the management companies created to perform certain public powers in relation to a limited area. It is noted that a similar experience was widespread and used in the zones of territorial development, territories of advance socio-economic development, special economic zones, the international medical cluster, free port "Vladivostok". Special attention is given to the legal status of the management company of the Skolkovo Innovation Centre - Foundation for the Development of the Center for elaboration and commercialization of new technologies. The author identifies its legal characteristics. The author makes an estimation of legal norms governing the order of exercising public powers by the Fund. The paper draws a conclusion about the significance of State supervision over management companies authorized to implement separate public powers. Management companies must comply with the transferred state powers in the interests of the society as a whole, rather than any single organization or a group of people. The author gives examples of checks carried out in respect of the management company of the "Skolkovo" Center. The article analyses certain provisions of the Russian Audit Chamber report concerning the results of the audit "Allocation of Federal budget funds targeted at implementation of activities connected with establishing and functioning of the Innovation Center "Skolkovo" in 2013-2015" (in cooperation with the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation). The Report focuses on the fact that many public authorities do not exercise their powers on the territory of Skolkovo. The legislation relies on the fact that special units of the federal bodies of state power and organs of control over payment of insurance premiums must be established. However, in the vast majority of cases, these bodies have not been established. There is a dishonest approach to determination of powers of the highest official level managers (lack of job descriptions). Also, the article draws attention to the fact that the formation of territories with special status and with the corresponding management company is provided for by the Federal Law of December 31, 2014, № 488-FZ "On industrial policy in the Russian Federation." But in this case, the same shortcomings of legal regulation that are fixed in the status of the Skolkovo Foundation exist.

Exploring clinical pharmacists' perception of their impact on healthcare in Khartoum State, Sudan.

Objective:The principal aim of this study was to explore the self-perception of clinical pharmacists of their impact on healthcare in Khartoum State, Sudan, how they think doctors perceive their impact, exploring the obstacles that clinical pharmacists are facing, and identifying what clinical pharmacists recommend for a better clinical pharmacy practice in Sudan.Methods:This was an exploratory cross-sectional study that employed a qualitative method. Individual, in-depth interviews were conducted with a convenient sample of 26 clinical pharmacists working in 14 governmental hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan, in March 2016. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes. Thematic analysis was carried out.Findings:The study revealed different themes regarding clinical pharmacists' perception of their impact on healthcare. The majority believed that they made an improvement in healthcare but not to the level they aspire to. Participants expressed that junior doctors and nurses had a better acceptance of clinical pharmacists' interventions compared to senior doctors. The main obstacles that clinical pharmacists were facing were their limited number, lack of support from health authorities, lack of training and educational program, lack of job descriptions, lack of specific area in patient files for clinical pharmacist intervention, and low salaries. Most participants showed dissatisfaction with the syllabus of the master of clinical pharmacy they studied.Conclusion:The study revealed that clinical pharmacists were looking for a better contribution in healthcare in Sudan. This can be achieved by solving the problems identified in this study.

Iraqi Nurses' Perspectives on Safety Issues in Maternity Services.

Background:Studies introduce maternal and neonatal safety phenomena as important challenges to the public health, particularly in low-income countries. However, few researches are conducted on the identification of safety issues in maternity hospitals in Iraq. It was the first study on nurses’ perspectives on safety issues in Kurdistan, Iraq.Objectives:The current study aimed to describe nurses’ perspectives on what constitutes a safe maternity service in Kurdistan, Iraq.Patients and Methods:A qualitative design, based on a content analysis approach, was used. Ten Kurdish nurses who worked in the delivery room of Kurdistan, Iraq maternity hospital were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were performed to collect data. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Sampling continued to the level of data saturation. Data analysis was performed based on the steps suggested by Graneheim and Lundman.Results:Thematic analysis led to the identification of six main categories including stressful job, lack of schedule and job description, providing care with limited resources, professional unaccountability, regional sociopolitical factors, and inadequate training.Conclusions:Iraqi nurses identified factors such as limited health resources, lack of job description, and professional unaccountability as major safety issues in maternity services. These findings alarm the need to ensure the provision of females and neonates with appropriate care. This, however, would require coordination between Iraqi Kurdistan health authorities to provide midwifery care facilities, high-quality and relevant staff training, and an effective healthcare system in the maternity units.

Satisfaction of family physicians during their training program, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: Family medicine is considered the cornerstone of health system. It's defined as medical specialty, which provides continuing and comprehensive health care for the individual and the family. The family physicians should be very well trained to be qualified for this purpose. Family medicine became a recognized specialty in our country since a proximately 30 years. Postgraduate family medicine training program established at KSA in 1981 in King Faisal University. Resident's opinion is very important as they are the target of the training process and will help a lot in future improvement. Aims & Objective: To determine the level of residents’ satisfaction about the training curriculum at different levels (R1 to R4) in the JPFCM and to predicts the factors that affecting their training. Materials and Methods: This was Cross sectional analytic study of residents and postgraduates conducted at Jeddah city, in the Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine. All the residents at different level (R1 to R4) at year 2012 and 3 years post graduates from Joint Program of Family and Community Medicine. More than 3 years Post graduates family physician were excluded from the study. Data collection was done using self-administered modified validated questionnaire of Family practice competency questionnaire (FPCQ). Results: The perception of most curriculum training items were rated as very important by the trainees. The adequacy of training was lower than trainees’ expectation especially in procedures skills. Lack of health care supporting system, quality of hospital training, lack of job description, and interruption of continuity of care among other factors were most important factors affecting the training. 48% of trainees were generally satisfied about training adequacy and 62% were satisfied of being a family physician. Conclusion: 35% of the trainees were dissatisfied about their training 89% were currently residents and 10% postgraduates. 42% of the trainees were satisfied. Satisfaction was decline during residency years but it picked up in post graduate to reach the highest during 3rd year postgraduate. This level of satisfaction could be explained by that the training provided during the residency rotations especially in non-family medicine rotations was below the expectations of the trainees. This result was cleared through the factors affecting their satisfaction about the training as we observed that Most factors affecting the training were lack of health care system supporting the specialty and the quality of the training during hospital rotations.