Lack Of Intake Research Articles

Association between malnutrition status and total joint arthroplasty periprosthetic joint infection and surgical site infection: a systematic review meta-analysis

BackgroundMalnutrition is a state resulting from lack of intake or uptake of nutrition. Investigating the association between malnutrition and postoperative complications is essential for enhancing patient outcomes in total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of malnutrition on the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) and periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) following TJA.MethodsThe data were searched from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library inception through July 19 2023, without time restrictions. Inclusion criteria focused on studies examining malnutrition as a risk factor for SSIs and PJIs postarthroplasty, providing sufficient data for calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale, and statistical analyses were executed in Stata version 17.ResultsA total of 1,025 articles were screened, and 9 studies satisfying the predefined inclusion criteria were consequently selected for this meta-analysis. Studies indicated that malnutrition is significant factor to the heightened incidence of both SSIs and PJIs following TJA procedures. Our pooled results yielded aggregated ORs of 2.60 for SSIs and 3.44 for PJIs, with respective 95% CIs of 2.10–3.10 and 2.35–4.53. The heterogeneity of malnutrition as a risk factor for postoperative SSI was I2 = 0.0% (p = 0.592), and for PJI was I2 = 0.0% (p = 0.422). Egger’s linear regression test showed no significant publication bias (p > 0.05).ConclusionsMalnutrition is a significant risk factor for SSIs and potentially PJIs in patients undergoing TJA. Preoperative optimization strategies targeted at malnourished patients are suggested to minimize postoperative complications clinically.

Empowering Women by Education about Toddler’s Nutrition in Posyandu Puspa Indah Nabire

Nutrition problems in developing countries, including Indonesia, show an increasing trend, one of which is the problem of stunting. Stunting is a nutritional problem caused by a long-term lack of nutritional intake during the first 1000 days of life, which is a critical period. Resulting in growth disorders in children. The high incidence of stunting is a concern for the government. Some of the causes of stunting itself are a lack of intake that is absorbed by the body from the time it is in the womb until after birth, lack of access to health services, lack of access to clean water and sanitation. Therefore, efforts need to be made to prevent stunting by improving diet and parenting patterns and sanitation. The aim of this community service is to increase mothers' knowledge about the importance of providing balanced nutritional and food intake for their children to prevent stunting. This activity is carried out by providing education with leaflets to mothers of toddlers about Balanced Nutrition. This counseling was carried out at Posyandu Puspa Indah, Nabire Regency. Which was attended by 13 mothers. The results of the counseling showed that mothers of toddlers understood the material provided. It is hoped that further counseling will focus on the growth and development of babies and toddlers.

Влияние экзогенных и генетических факторов на уровень витамина D у детей с бронхиальной астмой в трех регионах Российской Федерации

The high prevalence and socioeconomic burden of bronchial asthma (BA) encourage scientists to continue active study of both exogenous and genetic factors influencing the course of BA. The connection between vitamin D deficiency and asthma in children has been shown in many studies. Work on the analysis of vitamin D content in patients with asthma is often carried out without taking into account the geographical location and level of insolation, and is also often performed on small samples of patients, which makes it difficult to interpret the results obtained. Studies devoted to the connection between genetic polymorphisms of the VDR gene and AD with a comprehensive analysis of the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors are rare and provide contradictory results. That is why the present study compared the supply of vitamin D with clinical phenotypes of asthma, the response to cholecalciferol supplementation and genetic markers that influence 25(OH)D metabolism among children of three equidistant regions of the Russian Federation. Objective. Тo study the 25(OH)D content of children with bronchial asthma (BA) depending on exogenous factors (region of residence, volume of basic therapy, intake of vitamin D from food, dietary supplementation with cholecalciferol) and endogenous factors (gender, age, course characteristics AD, VDR gene polymorphism genotypes). Patients and methods. The study included 160 children with asthma (median age 8.55 years), the comparison group consisted of 333 children (median age 6.4 years). All subjects were assessed for calcidiol levels in different seasons of the year. Testing of polymorphic variants of the VDR gene (c.1206T>C, c.1175-9G>T, c.152T>C, c.1174+283G>A) was carried out using PCR and RFLP analysis. Results. The average level of 25(OH)D in patients with BA and healthy children was significantly different and was 21.3 ng/ml in patients with BA and 29.6 ng/ml in healthy children (p < 0.01). It was revealed that 89.62% of patients with asthma and 60.8% of healthy children had a low supply of vitamin D (p < 0.05). The frequency of severe deficiency in children with asthma was 23.7%; no pronounced deficiency was recorded among healthy children. A 25(OH)D concentration of 10–20 ng/ml was more often observed in asthma (46.66%) compared to healthy children (26.5%). It was found that 25(OH)D deficiency 21–29 ng/ml was more often recorded in healthy children (34.3%) compared to BA (19.25%, p < 0.05). Low 25(OH)D levels are observed among 92.6% of patients with BA from Krasnoyarsk, among all patients with BA from Stavropol and 70.6% of patients with BA from Moscow. There was no effect of vitamin D content in food on the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood. Taking vitamin D in doses from 500 IU to 1500 IU per day does not significantly increase the level of 25(OH)D and achieve optimal vitamin D status. Patients with the minor genotype AA of the BsmlI VDR gene polymorphism do not respond by increasing the level of 25(OH)D in response for supplementation. Conclusion. The status of vitamin D in asthma in the Russian Federation does not depend on the climatic and geographical characteristics of the region of residence, the intake of vitamin D from food and PSS during prophylaxis with standard doses of cholecalciferol, but is determined by gender, age, season of the year, lack of intake or intake of a low preventive dose cholecalciferol (less than 1000 IU), as well as the influence of BsmlI polymorphism of the VDR gene. Key words: bronchial asthma, children, vitamin D, supplementation, VDR gene

Prevention of Prenatal Stunting at Bhayangkara Hospital Nganjuk

Efforts to prevent stunting are not only carried out at public health centers, but all agencies are expected to actively participate in preventing stunting, especially hospitals which are required to implement national programs regarding stunting. Stunting is a problem of chronic malnutrition caused by a lack of nutritional intake over a long period of time. This causes problems in the future, namely difficulties in achieving optimal physical and cognitive development. Stunted children have a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) than the average IQ of normal children (Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018). Stunting is defined as a condition where the child's nutritional status according to TB/U results in a Z Score = <-2 SD, this indicates a short or very short body condition resulting from growth failure. Stunting in children is also a risk factor for death, problems with low motor development, low language skills, and functional imbalance (Anwar, Khomsan, and Mauludyani, 2014). Children who experience stunting as a result of someone not getting the right amount of nutritional intake over a long period of time (chronic). So that,stunting can actually be prevented with adequate nutritional intake, especially in the first 1000 days of life. This study aims to analyze efforts to prevent stunting during the prenatal period. The method used in this research is path analysis, by combining TRA and TPB theories to obtain 3 variables, namely environment, knowledge and behavior. Based on merger theory of behavior change TRA and TPB research can be concluded that the environment social pregnant women, knowledge about efforts to prevent stunting in pregnant women and the behavior of pregnant women regarding preventing stunting are all influential. This research concludes that stunting can be prevented from influencing factors starting from the prenatal period. Because adequate nutrition and the health of pregnant women greatly influence the growth of the fetus in the womb, which if there is a lack of intake can result in stunting.

The Experiences of Nutrition Fulfillment in Mothers with a History of Anemia During Pregnancy: A Qualitative Study

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is one of the most common disorders, especially in middle and poor economic countries, including Indonesia. Anemia is closely related to nutrition consumed during pregnancy. Objectives: This research aimed to explore the experience of nutritional fulfillment in pregnant women with a history of anemia during pregnancy. Methods: The research used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling with inclusion criteria, so a sample of 20 pregnant women with a history of anemia was obtained. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data analysis used the Colaizzi method. Results: The results showed five themes: lack of intake and diversification of food types during pregnancy; food processing with hot temperatures and dry intensity reduces the nutritional value of food; choosing the type of food without knowing its benefits can affect health; several types of vegetables, fruit, and protein are dietary restrictions during pregnancy; and non-compliance in consuming Fe tablets regularly. Fulfillment of nutritional status is essential for pregnant women and must be fulfilled thoroughly so that anemia does not occur during pregnancy. Conclusions: Mothers' lack of knowledge and inability to care for themselves during pregnancy. Lack of information, starting from the selection, processing, and consumption of food during pregnancy, can increase the mother's health risks, including anemia. Pregnant women must improve prenatal care to get education about fulfilling nutrition during pregnancy.

Adrenal insufficiency management in the pediatric emergency setting and risk factors for adrenal crisis development

BackgroundIn patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI), adrenal crisis (AC) represents a clinical emergency. Early recognition and prompt management of AC or AC-risk conditions in the Emergency Department (ED) can reduce critical episodes and AC-related outcomes. The aim of the study is to report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of AC presentation to improve their timely recognition and proper management in a ED setting.MethodsSingle-centre, retrospective, observational study on pediatric patients followed at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital of Turin for primary AI (PAI) and central AI (CAI).ResultsAmong the 89 children followed for AI (44 PAI, 45 CAI), 35 patients (21 PAI, 14 CAI) referred to the PED, for a total of 77 accesses (44 in patients with PAI and 33 with CAI). The main causes of admission to the PED were gastroenteritis (59.7%), fever, hyporexia or asthenia (45.5%), neurological signs and respiratory disorders (33.8%). The mean sodium value at PED admission was 137.2 ± 1.23 mmol/l and 133.3 ± 1.46 mmol/l in PAI and CAI, respectively (p = 0.05). Steroids administration in PED was faster in patients with CAI than in those with PAI (2.75 ± 0.61 and 3.09 ± 1.47 h from PED access, p = 0.83). Significant factors related to the development of AC were signs of dehydration at admission (p = 0.027) and lack of intake or increase of usual steroid therapy at home (p = 0.059). Endocrinological consulting was requested in 69.2% of patients with AC and 48.4% of subjects without AC (p = 0.032).Conclusionchildren with AI may refer to the PED with an acute life-threatening condition that needs prompt recognition and management. These preliminary data indicate how critical the education of children and families with AI is to improve the management at home, and how fundamental the collaboration of the pediatric endocrinologist with all PED personnel is in raising awareness of early symptoms and signs of AC to anticipate the proper treatment and prevent or reduce the correlated serious events.

Nutritional Content Analysis of Fortified Cookies from "Patin" bone flour waste and coconut dregs

Lack of intake can cause disturbances in health, growth, mental and other functions such as cognitive abilities, the immune system and reproduction. This problem can be overcome by carrying out food fortification, namely adding certain types of nutrients to food ingredients. Fortification can be made from food ingredients such as coconut dregs and Patin bones. These materials can be processed into flour as a source of nutritious food. Coconut dregs has a fairly high protein content and Patin bones have a high calcium content that the body needs for the growth process. This study aims to make nutritious food fortification by utilizing the local potential of Patin bones and coconut dregs, then an analysis of the moisture content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content and fiber content is carried out. The results of the analysis showed that Patin bone flour was obtained and coconut dregs flour contained water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, carbohydrate content and fiber content respectively were 3.02%, 6.29%, 6.21%, 20.89%, 64.08% and 6.58%. From the results of this analysis it can be concluded that Cookies with the addition of Patin bone flour and coconut dregs flour has good nutritional content. This research is expected to be used as one of the food innovations to support attempt fulfill the micronutrient nutrition needed for the human body.

Severe skeletal disability and abnormal biochemical tests & disease review

Musculoskeletal pain is the most common disorder encountered in our clinical practice that afflicts all individuals around the world and has not exempted gender, ethnicity, color, or age. The tissues which are affected are muscles, ligaments, tendons, cartilages, and bones. It can be caused by a wide range of etiologies. Chronic musculoskeletal pain causes significant morbidity and is associated with varying degrees of physical and emotional disabilities. Vitamin D deficiency has been given a major concern in the last 3 decades and has been linked with special predilection for some ethnic groups, geographical regions, high-risk groups from extreme age, social and religious customs, and most importantly sun exposure and lack of intake. We received this patient which was a young woman with good socioeconomic status and a sunny climate around the year. The patient had been referred from the Orthopedics department (late December 2013) to the Endocrine and Diabetes Clinic as having g skeletal disability and chronic pain with abnormal laboratory tests, that had eventually demonstrated secondary hyperparathyroidism with modest hypocalcemia. Clinical work-up had demonstrated hypovitaminosis D and with a musculoskeletal disorder; Osteomalacia, but the precise etiology could not be detected and some of the causes remained speculative!

Diet Quality, Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Older Veterans With HIV

ObjectivesOlder adults with HIV are at a higher risk for muscle loss and physical dysfunction which may be influenced by nutritional intake. The aim of this study was to examine dietary quality and its associations with muscle mass, strength, and function in older Veterans with HIV. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study of sedentary older Veterans with HIV aged ≥50 years. Participants were tested for grip strength (kg) over body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), gait speed (4 meters walk, m/s), and appendicular lean mass (ALM) over BMI. Dietary quality was measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) using data obtained from three 24-hour dietary recalls. The HEI-2015 is comprised of 13 components (e.g., vegetables, greens and beans, fruits, dairy, and proteins). Each component was scored on density out of 1000 calories and summed to a total diet quality score (0–100). The total score was divided to high (HEI > 64, top 20%) vs. low (HEI ≤ 64). Multivariable linear regressions were developed to examine the HEI-2015 and its association with each muscle measure while controlling for age (years), race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks vs. Whites), and BMI (only in gait speed model). ResultsOverall, 40 participants with mean (±SD) age of 60.6 ± 6.5 years were included. Of those, 95% were males, 70% NH-Blacks, and mean BMI was 28.2 ± 5.3. The total dietary quality score was 52.98 ± 12.3. Most of the participants consumed sufficient proteins (87.5%) but only 50.0% included sufficient intake of seafood and plant proteins. The results indicated a lack of intake in vegetables, greens and beans, fruits, whole grain, and dairy. After adjustment, the final models showed that higher dietary quality (HEI > 64 vs. HEI ≤ 64) was associated with grip strength/BMI (β = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.02–0.71), and did not reach statistical significance with ALM/BMI (β = 0.09, 95% CI: –0.04–0.22), or with gait speed (β = 0.05, 95% CI: –0.11–0.21). ConclusionsIn this sample, older Veterans with HIV tended to have a low diet quality with insufficient intake of imperative foods which is associated with reduced muscular strength. High dietary quality might be associated with improved physical function in this population that needs to be investigated in larger and prospective studies. Funding SourcesSupported by the department of Veterans Affairs I01RX000667, I01 RX002790 and VA Advanced Fellowship Baltimore GRECC

Phenomenology Study of Stunting Nutrition for Babies in the Work Area of Pante Kuyun Health Center, Aceh Jaya District

BACKGROUND: Stunting causes organs not to grow and develop optimally. One of the factors that indirectly influence stunting in children is the mother’s parenting style. Parenting includes the family’s ability to provide time, attention, and support in meeting the physical, mental and social needs of children growing in the family. AIM: This is to find out the nutrition parenting patterns of children who are stunted in the working area of the Health Center Pante Kuyun, Aceh Jaya Regency. METHODS: This study uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted in the working area of Pante Kuyun Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency. The research was carried out for 1 month, starting from August to September. The choice of research location was due to the high incidence of stunting in the area. The number of samples was determined 15 people consisting of 10 children under five who were stunted, two people as the head of the Health Center, and two community leaders from various elements. This study uses recording devices, video recording devices (camcorders), tape recorders, group discussion guidelines, and field notes. Data analysis techniques used in qualitative research include transcript analysis of interview results, data reduction, analysis, data interpretation, and triangulation. RESULTS: Stunting is closely related to the social construction of society. There are differences in social constructs that shape the parenting styles’ understanding for toddlers who are stunted. During pregnancy, most mothers follow the restrictions recommended by their parents and in-laws. The number of taboo foods to be consumed during pregnancy to breastfeeding generally comes from the food group of animal protein sources such as squid, shrimp, crab, shellfish, and so on. These foods are believed to cause the, etc., become sticky, making it difficult for the delivery process, and milk is difficult to pass. It turns out that the customs, culture, and hereditary habits that continue to be carried out influence stunting in children under five. The pattern of nutrition parenting during the postpartum, postpartum period also causes stunting. During postpartum, the culture in society prohibits food other than white rice, and the fish is only anchovies. It turns out that the lack of intake during the postpartum period up to 40 days has an impact on the health of the postpartum, postpartum mother, especially only a little breast milk, dry skin, weakness, dizziness, and even sickness. Community beliefs also influence nutritional care patterns. For infants aged 0–6 months, none of the informants’ toddlers receive exclusive; breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is not given to children due to the mother’s lack of knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding benefits. The eating habit prioritizes elders’ advice such as parents, in-laws, and religious leaders are still related to myths about health and nutrition in pregnant women and toddlers. The pattern of nutrition parenting performed by mothers for infants >6 months is not under the Indonesian Ministry of Health recommendations. In the Aceh Jaya district, mothers habitually give instant noodles as a substitute for the rice to consume toddlers. However, their mothers also have parenting styles, whereas if the working mothers provide food for toddlers, they are older siblings, grandmothers, or nieces. Inadequate care, such as improper feeding from infancy to toddlerhood, causes toddlers to suffer from illness more often due to disruption of digestion because the baby’s intestines are still vulnerable. CONCLUSION: Parenting affects toddlers who experience stunting in the working area of Pante Kuyun Community Health Center, Aceh Jaya Regency.

Counseling and education on adequacy of vitamin and mineral intake from fruit and vegetables to improve body immunity in senior high school students in Tanjung Morawa district

Fruits and vegetables are food ingredients that contain a lots of nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and fiber that are needed by the body. Indonesia is a country that is very rich in fruits and vegetables. However, in fact, fruits and vegetables are rarely consumed by people, especially teenagers. Lack of intake in consuming fruits and vegetables can cause the body to lack nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber and an imbalance in the body's acid and alkaline, which can lead to various diseases. The purpose of this community service is to provide counseling and educate students and teachers about the adequate intake of vitamins and minerals from fruits and vegetables to increase immunity in Senior High School students in Tanjung Morawa District. This community service activity was carried out by means of a lecture method by disseminating the activity plan to the children of the Yayasan Pendidikan Pauly Mandiri students, then demonstrations by conducting counseling. Community service activities in general received a very good response and high enthusiasm from students, and several teachers who attended and the chairman of the Pauly Mandiri Education Foundation in Tanjung Morawa asked to be resumed. The results of community service, especially practicing how to create fruits and vegetables by making salads from various fruits and vegetables that can be applied by students and teachers in their daily lives. The enthusiasm of the participants hoped that this outreach activity could be resumed, namely how to make it easier for children to make it easier for children to remember the importance of consuming fruits and vegetables.

Features of nutrition and vitamin and mineral prevention in young people during the Covid-19 pandemic

Purpose of researh was making recommendations on diet for students in self-isolation mode, taking into account the analysis of their nutrition. Methods. A representative group was formed by random sampling. The study involved 40 students (23 women and 17 men) of Rostov State Medical University, average age 22.5 years ± 1 year (group 1). To create the database, we used the human nutritional analysis program, version 1.2.4., Registered by the Russian Agency for Patents and Trademarks 02/09/04 No. 2004610397 GUNII Nutrition RAMS. Comparison of the results was carried out with a similar group outside the conditions of self-isolation caused by the pandemic covid-19 (control group). Results. In the group of women surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1832.77 kcal. The daily amount of incoming protein is 66.6 g, fat — 97.3 g (45 % more than the recommended amount), carbohydrates — 167.87 g (42 % lower than normal). The content of trace elements: sodium — 124 % more than normal, phosphorus — 43 %. At the same time, the content of other trace elements and vitamins is less than necessary: calcium — by 18 %, magnesium — by 39 %, vitamin B1 — by 55 %, vitamin B2 — by 35 %, niacin — by 45 %. In the group of men surveyed, the energy value of the diet was 1848.24 kcal; the amount of protein consumed — 66.93 g, fat — 97.7 g (20 % higher than normal), carbohydrates — 169.6 g (53 % less than the recommended amount). The content of trace elements: sodium — 123 % more than normal, phosphorus — 46 %. There is a lack of intake of many trace elements and vitamins: calcium — 15 % less than recommended, magnesium — 38 %, vitamin B1–54 %, vitamin B2–32 %, niacin — 45 %. Conclusion. In general, we can conclude that the nutrition of the students surveyed does not correspond to the current situation. Although the energy value of the daily diet is optimal, the ratio of macro- and micronutrients is violated. Recommendations are given to reduce the consumption of foods containing fats and phosphorus, in favor of foods containing complex carbohydrates, as well as vitamins B1, B2, niacin, magnesium and calcium. The need to minimize the consumption of salt, sugar, saturated and trans isomers of fatty acids is noted. It is also recommended in conditions of self-isolation to add specialized and fortified foods, as well as vitamin-mineral complexes, to the diet.

FIT BIT- A Web Application for Fitness Management System

Most of the people in this today’s world are unhealthy mainly due to the lack of intake of hygienic food and lack of exercise. Nowadays, most of the people are failed to be fit. Lack of fitness drastically can bring health issues for the human beings in their very small age. Each human being should take some step to maintain their body fitness to stay healthy. Most of the people feel inconvenient to go in search join of fitness class. So, each person needs a connectivity to their good fitness class. This could solve their problems without any inconvenience and could maintain body fit in an efficient way. So, considering all these issues, a web page has been developed to connect the fitness class coach and the joiner to their convenient region and conditions. We are providing the website in which the user of the system can register online to join the fitness class. Service offered by the class and the trainer information of the fitness class are provided in this system. Since, many good fitness classes may be localised to specific region hence some people cannot join due to distance issue. In this system, user can virtually attend classes in online mode they can preplan their schedule accordingly coach will be assigned to them.

Hubungan Asupan Zink, Magnesium, dan Serat dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Temanggung

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 occurs because of insulin resistance, on of the contributing factors is the lack of intake of micronutrients (zinc and magnesium) and macro (fiber). The prevalence of DM in Temanggung is 1,6%. There are 45 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung which have zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake below normal (deficit). The study aims to analyze the relationship of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake with fasting blood sugar levels at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung. The research is a cross sectional design with 45 responden taken with purposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis using kolmogorov smirnov normality test was tested using the spearman correlation test. Data collection of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake using the 2x24 hour recall and FFQ form while the blood sugar level data is obtained from the patient’s medical record book. The result showed that there was a relationship between zinc intake to fasting sugar levels of patients (p=0,000), there was a correlation between magnesium intake to fasting blood sugar levels in patients (p=0,000). There is a relationship between zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake to fasting blood sugar levels. Keywords: Zink Intake, Magnesium Intake, Fiber Intake, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Level on Clinical Parameters in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a hereditary autosomal recessive genetic disorder that can affect many organs including the lungs and the digestive system. We aimed to assess the effects of coenzyme Q10 level on clinical parameters in cystic fibrosis patients. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 patients (13 females and 19 males) with cystic fibrosis who were admitted in Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran- Iran, in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among them, and then the height, weight and arm circumference of the patients were measured and also their serum Q10 levels were evaluated. Then, the pulmonary function was evaluated using a 6-minute respiration test and a spirometry test. Finally, their total scores were calculated based on Shwachman score. Results: The age range of participants was from 6 to 27 years old. Anthropometric indices such as weight (p=0.02, r=-0.408), age (p=0.016, r=-0.422), height (p=0.002, r=-0.520), birth weight (p=0.0113, R=-0.286), and height at birth (p=0.037, r=-0.37) had a significant negative relationship with coenzyme Q10. There was relationship between anthropometric indices and spirometry tests, including the association of FEV1 (act) with weight (p=0.00), and arm circumference (p=0.00) which were determined. Conclusion: According to the results, there was no direct relationship between muscle mass and Q10. Besides, the mean age of Q10 was greater than that of in age group of 9-16 years old, which can be considered for nutrition or childhood reserves for coenzyme Q10 production, which is decreased due to increasing age and lack of intake or loss of body power for the production of coenzyme Q10.

Early Weaning Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections

<p>Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) still a health problem in the world resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Every year 13 million children under five died, 95% of deaths occur in developing countries and 4.5 million deaths due to respiratory infection. Takes effort and hard work to reduce mortality of children under five are caused by ARIs. ARIs episodes in children under five in the world generally between 3-8 times every year. Breast milk is a natural nutrient that contain IgA (SIgA), IgE, IgM, IgG, lactoferin, lysozyme, vitamin A, C and E. SIgA generated broncho mammary and α2--microglobulin substances that protect against syncytial virus and inhibit and lowering the risk of infection with Haemophilus influenzae contained in the mouth and nose. Babies who are not breastfed full or partial ARIs at greater risk due to lack of intake of protective substances in the breast milk. The incidence of acute respiratory diseases are at highest order resulting morbidity and mortality of children in the district OKU in 2014 amounted to 52.2% and increased by 53% in 2015. Unmatched case control study with a quantitative approach, the study subjects children aged 6-24 months. Data analysis using Stata program consists of univariable, bivariable and multivariable logistic regression with 95% CI. Significant relationship with ARIs early weaning (OR = 2.72 95% CI = 1.08 - 6.83). The average episode of ARIs was 2.8 times every year. Early weaning increase risk of ARIs in children 6-24 months.</p>

Optimization Design of Gasoline Engine Intake Based on CFD

This paper analyzed the structure of the intake about 65-gasoline engine, which take into account t of the shortcomings of the lack of intake, a new intake system was re-designed. And a numerical calculation was carried on about the air transport computation on the new system. The result indicated that the intake flow resistance to reduce greatly after the improvement, and the filling ratio has the distinct improvement. And a comparative test has carried. Also the experimental result indicated, the engines useful torsion increased and the fuel oil consumption rate reduces also after the optimization.

Iron deficiency anemia: current strategies for the diagnosis and management

Iron deficiency is one of the commonest nutritional deficiencies in the world. It is multifactorial and may be caused by lack of intake, blood loss and intestinal causes. Clinical features are highly variable, and most patients are asymptomatic. Typical laboratory features of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) include a hypochromic microcytic anemia, low serum iron level, high total iron binding capacity, low serum ferritin level. Usefulness of monitoring serum transferrin receptor level (sTfR) and hepcidin for identifying IDA have been examined in a few studies. Available data suggest that sTfR can potentially become a valuable tool for regular testing of patients in the future. Despite IDA is easily corrected with iron therapy, establishing the cause can be difficult, particularly in cases caused by disorders of iron transport. Education for clinician needs to focus on increasing awareness of the importance of failure respond to iron supplementation. The aim of this review was to outline the current strategies for the diagnosis and management of IDA in the light of the latest reports.

Taste disturbance after tonsillectomy and laryngomicrosurgery

Objective: To investigate the incidence of taste disturbance after tonsillectomy and laryngomicrosurgery. Study design: A prospective study. Methods: Thirty-five consecutive patients underwent tonsillectomy with electric coagulator at Kanebo Memorial Hospital from September 2002 to May 2004. Another 35 consecutive patients underwent laryngomicrosurgery in a routine way during the same period. Both procedures were performed by two experienced doctors. The postoperative taste function was evaluated with questionnaire, electrogustometry (EGM), and serum levels of Zn, Cu and Fe. Results: After tonsillectomy, 3/35 patients (8.6%) complained of taste disturbance, due to the pressure on the tongue in two, and Zn deficiency after lack of intake in one. All three patients recovered taste within 1.5 months. None of our patients had taste disturbance due to surgical insult of the lingual branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve. After laryngomicrosurgery, only one patient (2.9%) complained of taste disturbance with elevation of the EGM threshold that resulted from the pressure on the tongue. In addition, abnormal sensation in the tongue occurred in 9 cases (25.7%) after tonsillectomy and in 2 cases (5.7%) after laryngomicrosurgery, and feeling of thirst occurred in 12 cases (34.3%) and in 8 cases (22.9%), respectively. Conclusion: Taste disturbance occurs in few cases when experienced surgeons perform tonsillectomy or laryngomicrosurgery. However, it is recommended to inform the patients of the potential postoperative complications such as taste disturbance and abnormal sensation of the tongue.

Osteomalacia: uncommon causes

Osteomalacia is an abnormality of bone characterized by an accumulation of increasing matrix and epiphyseal cartilage, which fails to calcify or does so extremely slowly. Diagnosis is made histologically by widened osteoid seams and is radiologically dependent upon the demonstration of looser zones or pseudofractures, [1 , 2]. Osteomalacia may result from various etiobogic factors that may be divided into three major groups as by Mankin [3]: 1 .-Deficiency states, including primary vitamin D deficiency (lack of intake or ultraviolet exposure), calcium or phosphorus deficiency, and chelators (oxalate, phosphate). 2 .-Absorbtive defects, including gastric, pancreatic, intestinal, and hepatobiliary disorders, including postsurgical defects. 3.-Renal disease, including tubular defects or renal tubular acidosis from congenital abnormalities. Acquired disease can cause renal tubular acidosis or renal osteodystrophy. Miscellaneous causes of osteomalacia include fibrous dysplasia, neurofibromatosis, and osteopetrosis [4]; medication including Dilantin and phenolphthalein [5]; neoplasms, both benign and malignant, of either bone or soft tissues; and unclassified causes, including hypophosphatasia, axial osteomalacia [4], fibrogenesis imperfecta osseum [5], and fluoride ingestion [4]. The cause of the osteomalacia is usually obvious when the radiographs are positive; occasionally, the underlying disorder is occult and familiarity with the various etiologies and associated diseases may enable the radiologist to suggest the correct diagnosis. Our recent experience with two cases of osteomalacia in which the discovery of the underlying abnormality led to profound changes in therapy and prognosis form the basis for this report.