Lack Of Guilt Research Articles

Callous-unemotional traits, cognitive functioning, and externalizing problems in a propensity-matched sample from the ABCD study.

Many studies show that both callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., low empathy, lack of guilt) and cognitive difficulties increase risk for externalizing psychopathology across development. However, other work suggests that some aggression (e.g., relational, proactive) may rely on intact cognitive function, which could vary based on the presence of CU traits. Moreover, no prior research has adequately accounted for common risk factors shared by CU traits, cognitive difficulties, and externalizing problems, which confounds conclusions that can be drawn about their purported relationships. The current study addressed these knowledge gaps by leveraging rigorous propensity matching methods to isolate associations between CU traits and different dimensions of cognitive function and externalizing problems. Associations between CU traits, cognitive functioning, and externalizing outcomes were tested within dimensional (n = 11,868) and propensity-matched group-based (n = 1,224) models using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study®, with rigorous statistical control for shared sociodemographic risk factors. Cross-sectional outcomes were parent-reported symptoms of conduct disorder (CD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Longitudinal outcomes were child-reported overt and relational aggression. CU traits were uniquely related to more parent-reported CD, ODD, ADHD symptoms, as well as more child-reported aggressive behaviors. Effects of cognitive difficulties were domain specific and were not consistent across dimensional and propensity matched models. There was minimal evidence for divergent associations between CU traits and externalizing outcomes as a function of cognition (i.e., no moderation). Rigorous control for sociodemographic factors within propensity-matched models establish CU traits as a robust and unique risk factor for externalizing psychopathology, over and above difficulties with cognitive functioning.

Psychopaty of The Main Character in The Collection Short Stories Perempuan Yang Menunggu by DM Ningsih

This research is entitled Psychopathy of the main character in a collection of women's short stories waiting for DM Ningsih's work in terms of literary psychology. Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a group of behaviors and traits, including ego, deceit, shallow emotions, lack of guilt, remorse, empathy and an anti-social lifestyle as well as a tendency to ignore or violate social conventions and rules. This study aims to describe the psychopathy of the main character in a collection of short stories by DM Ningsih with a literary psychology approach, using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory in particular, namely Personality Structure and Psychopathy-Checklist Revised Hare. The results of this study are (1) The form of psychopathic behavior of the main character in DM Ningsih's short story collection is based on the characteristics of the special actors in psychopaths, namely antisoacial behavior, likes to manipulate, aggressive behavior, sadistic behavior, and no regrets and no guilt so that the form of behavior can be determined psychopath. (2) the factors that cause the main character to behave psychopathically in DM Ningsih's short story collection are environmental and traumatic factors.

Childhood Experiences of Alternative Care and Callousness/Unemotionality: A Conceptual Model, Scoping Review, and Research Agenda.

Individuals with experiences of alternative care (AC; i.e., out-of-home care and institutional care) are at high risk for various mental health and relational problems stemming from exposure to serious attachment disruptions, loss, and complex trauma. Yet, despite the interpersonal context of their significant adversities, surprisingly there is scant research explicitly focusing on callousness/unemotionality (e.g., lack of guilt, callous disregard for others) in this population. This paper provides the first conceptual model for, and systematic scoping review of, callousness/unemotionality in children and young people with experiences of AC. In a comprehensive search of nine databases, 22 articles involving samples of participants in AC or with histories of AC, were identified for inclusion. The pattern of findings revealed that callous-unemotional and psychopathic traits are elevated in children and young people with AC experiences, and positively associated with AC. Moreover, results showed associations between these traits and various psychosocial correlates, most consistently with externalizing and internalizing problems and attachment-related problems. Only two intervention studies were located, one of which found benefits of training and supporting foster caregivers for reducing callous-unemotional traits. These findings are discussed with respect to gaps in the literature, future research directions, and trauma-informed practice to assess and treat callousness/unemotionality in children and young people with experiences of AC.

Disentangling the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and unsupportive parenting through a developmental lens.

Research suggests that unsupportive parenting practices are consistentbut modest risk factors for children's behavioral and social problems, emphasizing the importance in identifying sources of variability in children's vulnerability. To address this research direction, this study examined children's callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., affective indifference; lack of guilt or empathy), as a moderator of the associations among maternal and paternal unsupportive parenting and their externalizing symptoms. Participants included 240 mothers, partners, and their children (Mage = 4.6 years; 56% girls) from diverse backgrounds (48% Black; 16% Latinx) who took part in a longitudinal multi-method study with two measurement occasions spaced 2 years apart. Findings from structural equation modeling indicated the prospective association between observational assessments of unsupportive maternal (but not paternal) parenting and residualized changes in teacher reports children's externalizing problems over 2 years was significantly moderated by maternal reports of children's callous-unemotional traits (β = -.21, p < .05). Follow-up analyses of the interaction provided support for differential susceptibility. These findings highlight that children with elevated CU traits may experience diminished susceptibility to parenting, while children with lower levels of CU traits may exhibit plasticity in response to socialization environments.

The Development and Validation of the Antisocial Preferences Scale.

The aim of this study was to create a new instrument measuring antisocial preferences based on the Theory of Social Derailment of Czesław Czapów, who indicated the role of antisocial preferences in predicting antisocial behavior. The measures used were the Antisocial Preferences Scale (APS), BPAQ, Mach-IV, and IVE questionnaires. The participants were 718 prisoners. CFA techniques were used to investigate the construct validity of the Antisocial Preferences Scale. Four alternative models of the APS were specified and tested, namely: one-factor, second-order, multi-factor, and bi-factor. CFA analyses revealed that the best-fitting model was the bifactor. This conceptualization contains seven subscales, namely: aggressiveness, lack of guilt or remorse, breaking legal norms, incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, impulsiveness, risk-taking, and egocentrism.

Community Violence Exposure and Generalized Anxiety Symptoms: Do Callous-Unemotional Behaviors Moderate this Relation Among Urban Youth?

Community violence exposure (CVE; i.e., direct victimization and witnessed violence) is a major public health concern among youth who reside in low income, urban neighborhoods, who tend to experience CVE chronically and disproportionately. Frequent CVE is associated with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms, such as persistent or excessive worry and difficulty concentrating. However, not all youth experiencing CVE exhibit such symptoms. One understudied factor that may moderate this relation is callous-unemotional (CU) behaviors (e.g., behaviors consistent with lack of guilt, low levels of empathy). CU behaviors are associated with lower levels of responsiveness to contextual processes; as such, CU behaviors may be associated with lower levels of GAD symptoms in the context of CVE. However, little research considers CU behaviors and GAD symptoms concurrently. To address this gap, the present study examined associations among witnessed and direct CVE, CU behaviors, and GAD symptoms among low-income, urban youth (N = 104, 50% male, Mage = 9.93 ± 1.22 years old, 95% African-American/Black). Multiple regression analyses indicated teacher-reported CU behaviors moderated the relations between CVE and caregiver-reported GAD symptoms. Post-hoc probing revealed that among youth with higher levels of CVE, higher levels of CU behaviors were associated with elevated GAD symptoms compared to their peers with lower levels of CU behaviors. Youth with lower levels of CU behaviors evidenced moderate levels of GAD symptoms regardless of their levels of CVE. Thus, low-income, urban youth who experience elevated levels of CVE may be at increased risk for co-occurring GAD and CU symptoms.

Introduction and validation of the Antisocial Beliefs Scale in a sample of Polish prisoners.

The goal of this study was to create and validate a brief self-report scale of antisocial beliefs. The Antisocial Beliefs Scale (ABS), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Mach-IV, the IVE Questionnaire were administrated to 718 prisoners. Dimensionality and construct validity of the ABS was investigated using CFA techniques, along with confirmatory bifactor analysis and second-order factor analysis. Four alternatives models of the ABS were specified and tested using Mplus (WLSMV estimation). A comparison sample of adult male non-offenders (n = 339) was also recruited. This sample completed only the ABS. The bi-factor model offered the best representation of the data. Results suggest that the ABS consists of eight subscales (physical aggression, lack of empathy, absence of prosocial standards, lack of guilt or remorse, incapacity for mutually intimate relationships, risk taking, egocentrism and manipulativeness). The ABS showed different levels of antisocial beliefs in offenders and non-offenders. The factors of ABS correlate significantly with external variables. The Antisocial Beliefs Scale demonstrated very good internal consistency. The Antisocial Beliefs Scale can be used among participants with criminal history.

Motives for selected crimes against life and health

Criminal behavior undermines both social and individual security. Exploring the motivational process in criminal acts focuses on searching for the sources of these acts and determining the factors that sustain criminal activity. Crime is not a homogeneous phenomenon, which makes the motives for crime diverse and complex.&#x0D; Criminological theories explore the causal factors of crime such as biological (including genetic), sociological (social), and psychological. A criminal act can be caused by an unformed drive, frustration, and be learned, including through following others. In the process of determining the motives for criminal behavior, it is not enough to point to direct motives because motivation should be approached as a process, which indicates the possibility of the development of motives over a certain time, and even many years. Thus, it is necessary to take into account socialization, personality traits (the level of aggressiveness, directiveness, and dominance), psychological needs (especially those unmet), and values, which, in a sense of responsibility, often can be considered anti-values.&#x0D; The major crimes against health and life are homicide, fights, and battery. In addition to ordinary murder, the Polish Penal Code lists aggravated murder (e.g., with extraordinary cruelty or as a result of motives deserving special condemnation) and privileged murder (committed under the influence of strong agitation justified by the circumstances), which can also be referred to as murder of passion. Fights and battery can be committed with or without the use of a dangerous object.&#x0D; A review of the literature indicates the following motives for homicide: robbery (economic), sexual, emotional, delusional, revenge, threat, insult, sense of harm, and jealousy. Perpetrators of fights and battery may be characterized by component factors of antisocial personality disorder as specified by DSM-5, such as non-compliance with legal and social norms, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, irresponsibility, and lack of guilt.&#x0D; In the case of crimes against life and health, it seems reasonable to identify several motives for the act. Motives are assessed primarily by a clinical interview. However, it should be taken into account that the perpetrators of these acts, for a variety of reasons, may obstruct justice.

Facial Affect Sensitivity Training for Young Children with Emerging CU Traits: An Experimental Therapeutics Approach

ABSTRACT Objective This article delineates best practices in the application of the experimental therapeutics framework for evaluating interventions within the context of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), offering a methodological primer and guiding framework for this approach. We illustrate these practices using an ongoing clinical trial conducted within the framework of a National Institute of Mental Health exploratory phased-innovation award for the development of psychosocial therapeutic interventions for mental disorders (R61/R33), describing the implementation of a novel “Facial Affect Sensitivity Training” (FAST) intervention for children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. CU traits (e.g., lack of guilt or remorse, low empathy, shallow affect) are an established risk factor for persistent and severe youth misconduct, which reflect impairment in identified neurocognitive mechanisms that interfere with child socialization, and predict poor treatment outcomes, even with well-established treatments for disruptive behavior. Method We outline the stages, goals, and best practices for an experimental therapeutics framework. In the FAST trial, we assert that impaired sensitivity for emotional distress cues (fear and/or sadness) is mechanistically linked to CU traits in children, and that by targeting sensitivity to facial affect directly via a computerized automated feedback and incentive system, we can exert downstream effects on CU traits. Results In the context of an open pilot trial, we found preliminary support for feasibility and mechanism engagement using FAST. Conclusions We summarize pilot study limitations and how they are being addressed in the R61/R33 RCTs, as well as challenges and future directions for psychosocial experimental therapeutics.

Moral reasoning, emotion understanding, and callous-unemotional traits in early-to-middle childhood.

Relatively little is known about features of moral reasoning among young children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt and empathy). This study tested associations between CU traits and emotion attributions (i.e., identification of others' emotional states) and justifications (i.e., explanations for those emotional states), across social scenarios involving discreet versus salient distress cues. The participants were boys aged 6-to-10years (N=50; Mage =7years 7months), who were interviewed about 12 hypothetical scenarios (eight with discreet and four with salient distress cues). Regression models indicated that CU traits, in interaction with high levels of antisocial behaviour, were associated with reduced emotion attributions of fear in discreet but not salient immoral scenarios. Higher CU traits were also associated with reduced justifications referencing others' welfare in discreet scenarios, and increased references to action-orientated justifications in salient scenarios. These findings suggest that CU traits are associated with early moral reasoning impairments and that salience of distress may be important to these processes.

Psychopathic traits mediate guilt-related anterior midcingulate activity under authority pressure

Coercive power has different effects on individuals, and which were unable to be fully addressed in Milgram’s famous studies on obedience to authority. While some individuals exhibited high levels of guilt-related anxiety and refused orders to harm, others followed coercive orders throughout the whole event. The lack of guilt is a well-known characteristic of psychopathy, and recent evidence portrays psychopathic personalities on a continuum of clustered traits, while being pervasive in a significant proportion in the population. To investigate whether psychopathic traits better explain discrepancies in antisocial behavior under coercion, we applied a virtual obedience paradigm, in which an experimenter ordered subjects to press a handheld button to initiate successive actions that carry different moral consequences, during fMRI scanning. Psychopathic traits modulated the association between harming actions and guilt feelings on both behavioral and brain levels. This study sheds light on the individual variability in response to coercive power.

Feeling of guilt explains why people react differently to resource depletion warnings

Despite insistent warnings from climate scientists, the global environmental situation is further deteriorating. To date, only very few studies have investigated the impact of warnings on sustainable decision-making in controlled laboratory settings. Moreover, the few existing studies mainly looked at average warning reactions rather than taking individual differences into account. Here, we investigated individual differences in the reaction to resource depletion warnings and scrutinized the impact of emotions on behavioural changes by applying a resource dilemma task with warnings. Data-driven and model-free cluster analyses identified four different types of consumption behaviour. Importantly, guilt was positively related to sustainable decision-making after warnings. In contrast, a lack of guilt was associated with no behavioural change or even worse with more unsustainable behaviour after warnings. These findings contribute to the debate over effective climate change communication by demonstrating that issuing warnings about the climate crisis only leads to the intended behavioural changes if people experience guilt.

Examining Callous‐unemotional Traits and Anxiety in a Sample of Incarcerated Adolescent Females

AbstractCallous‐unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of guilt and empathy) are a risk factor associated with antisocial behavior. Youth with CU traits can be differentiated by varying levels of co‐occurring anxiety. In this study, we examined CU variants in incarcerated adolescent females (n = 109) and their associations with emotional and behavioral problems and history of maltreatment. Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with a subsample of the participants (n = 13). Participants with CU traits and anxiety had similar levels of conduct problems compared to individuals with high CU traits without anxiety, but they reported more childhood maltreatment (especially sexual abuse).

Callous-Unemotional Traits Do Not Predict Functional Family Therapy Outcomes for Adolescents With Behavior Problems.

Despite the availability of evidence-based treatment models for adolescent behavior problems, little is known about the effectiveness of these programs for adolescents with callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Defined by lack of empathy, lack of guilt, flattened affect and lack of caring, CU traits have been linked to long-term anti-social behavior and unfavorable treatment outcomes and might be negatively related to outcomes in evidence-based programs such as Functional Family Therapy (FFT). This study used a single-group pre-post evaluation design with a sample of 407 adolescents (49.1% female, mean age = 14.4 years, SD = 1.9) receiving FFT to investigate whether outcomes in FFT are predicted by CU traits and to what extent reliable changes in CU traits can be observed. The results showed that although CU traits are related to increased problem severity at baseline, they predicted neither treatment dropout nor post-treatment externalizing behavior and family functioning. CU traits were related to diminished improvement ratings, in particular with respect to parental supervision. Reductions in CU traits were observed across the time of treatment, and these were most profound among adolescents with elevated levels of CU traits at baseline. Further research should investigate whether certain evidence-based treatment components are more suited for adolescents with CU, and if the addition of specific intervention elements for reducing CU-traits could further improve outcomes for this high-risk population.

Fresh Thinking

Fresh Thinking Stewart Justman (bio) Cleckley's Mask of Sanity is indeed a brilliant and seminal work, but to read it is to recognize that the condition delineated in its pages differs importantly from the psychopathy most of us have in mind today, and certainly from the psychopathy Hare had in mind when he devised Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in "an attempt to develop a new research scale for the assessment of psychopathy in prison populations."1 Cleckley's psychopaths stay out of prison as a rule, instead passing into and out of psychiatric hospitals in what Cleckley depicts as an absurd, unending cycle. Such crimes as they commit are almost never crimes of violence, and they appear to Cleckley, and the reader, not so much as threats to society as irritants and provocateurs—dishonest and callous to be sure, but foolish, even preposterous, self-defeating, and not much of a danger to the world around them. Although they do cause trouble, many of their characteristic acts—such as lying, offending decency, stealing from relatives—seem beyond the law's reach, and when they do end up behind bars, it is more likely to be in the local jail than the state prison. They themselves are often the primary loser by their antics (as Cleckley emphasizes), and even the authorities regard them more as nuisances than threats to the community. Like the doctor on a house-call who slithers on the floor like an alligator in a bog, they certainly lack shame; and if they lack guilt as well, they have less to feel guilty about than someone who commits major crimes. Compared with psychopathy as now understood, the deeds of Cleckley's patients read like misbehavior. Cleckley surveys their careers with sympathy, but also with a note of ironic wonderment. The Mask of Sanity first appeared in 1941, and it seems to me likely that the conditions which at that time channeled the enactment of the disorder into the absurdities and improprieties depicted so vividly by Cleckley are no longer in effect. Psychopathy is not only describable by different constructs but may vary with historical conditions. As Widiger and Crego note, "many of the traits emphasized by Cleckley no longer apply … and many traits not recognized by Cleckley have gained prominence." Moreover, the same traits may be expressed differently, which is why people can score high on Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, whose constituent items derive from Cleckley, without resembling Cleckley's absurdists at all. We find many of this sort in Hare's Without Conscience. Certainly, I do not claim that psychopathy is distinguished by a lack of guilt. On the contrary, I conclude explicitly "that antisocial actors may or may not lack guilt—as in the Robins study—and that psychopathy by whatever name should not, therefore, be defined by an imputed incapacity for guilt." It is in an effort to dislodge the stereotype or settled notion that lack of guilt is the psychopathic mark of Cain that I offer many examples, one fictional, of persons who do seem to act like psychopaths but nevertheless show a degree of guilt or moral inhibition. One such is the infamous patriarch of The Brothers Karamazov, held up by Cleckley himself as "remarkably like a psychopath in the full sense" but (as I argue) not necessarily [End Page 113] immune to guilt. Examples or cases have the merit of bringing the discussion down to mother earth, and in that spirit I offer, near the end of my article, the instance of Claude Brown, author of Manchild in the Promised Land, whose youth was a veritable handbook of warning signs and who seemed destined for a life of violent psychopathy, but comes to lament that he set "such a bad example" for his younger brother. Telling of a youth who appears totally "unable to feel guilt or to learn from experience and punishment" (as DSM-II [which was in effect at the time] puts it) but in time becomes both responsible and concerned for others, his memoir exposes the fallacy of imputing a profound constitutional defect [such as lack of guilt] on the basis of behavior. We should be careful about...

Psychopathy and Lack of Guilt

Psychopathy and Lack of Guilt

Parental Alienation-Development and Validation of a Behavioral Anchor Scale

(1) Objective: Parental alienation phenomenon was given an increased attention during the recent years in both the clinical and the legal fields. This study aims to introduce the development of a new parental alienation questionnaire. (2) Method: Four studies were performed. In the first two studies in which five specialists participated, the questionnaire was defined, and the inter-rater reliability was verified. The next study, which included 267 participants, sought to establish the construct validity by applying Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The last study that enrolled 200 participants considered predictive validity as well as test-retest reliability. (3) Results: Eight criteria of parental alienation have been identified: Campaign of denigration, frivolous, weak, or absurd rationale for the alienation, lack of ambivalence towards the alienating, lack of guilt or remorse about the alienation, borrowed scenarios, independent thinker phenomenon, taking the alienating parent’s side in the conflict, and spread of alienation to the extended family of the targeted parent. (4) Conclusion: The results highlighted the proper psychometric qualities of the questionnaire. The Parental Alienation Questionnaire (PAQ) seems to be a promising tool not only for clinical and judicial practice, but also for research.

Lack of guilt, shame, and remorse following weight stigma expression: a real-time assessment pilot study.

ObjectiveWeight stigma is pervasive and is associated with negative health and psychological outcomes. Few studies have examined weight stigma perpetration or the emotions individuals experience after perpetrating weight stigma. This study used experience sampling to explore the nature and frequency of weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and moral emotions (shame, guilt, remorse, pride) in the perpetrator following weight stigma perpetration.MethodsParticipants were college students (N = 31, 77.1% female). Participants completed baseline measures of anti-fat attitudes and one week of experience sampling phone prompts assessing: (1) weight stigma behaviors and cognitions and (2) moral emotions. Generalized estimating equation analyses were used to model trajectories of moral emotions after weight stigma events.ResultsThirty-one participants reported 1,008 weight stigma events over 7.5 days. Feelings of guilt, shame, and remorse decreased after weight stigma perpetration. Individuals also reported feeling less proud after engaging in weight stigma.ConclusionsWeight stigma occurs frequently as reported by perpetrators. A lack of remorse, guilt, and shame is evident in undergraduates after they express weight stigma; however, individuals in this study also reported feeling less pride after perpetration. This study highlights the need for future studies to explore the expression of weight stigma from the perspective of perpetrators instead of targets. Results highlight the pervasiveness and normative nature of weight stigma perpetration in everyday life and the need to better understand the emotional response following weight stigma perpetration as a potential mechanism of its perpetuation.

Corporate Psychopaths: implications for organizational health and well-being

Abstract Studies on Psychopathy in corporate settings and its toxic effects at the workplace are of the utmost importance. Corporate psychopaths reach upper echelon positions, and demonstrate egocentrism, lack of guilt or remorse; they influence those who are around them to achieve their own goals. In this regard, this study aims to discuss the implications of leaders named corporate psychopaths for the organizational health and well-being. For this purpose, the study adopted an empirical-theoretical approach, a quantitative evaluation and a survey as the method of data collection, by applying a questionnaire made up by the Self Report Psychopathy (SRP) scale (Paulhus, Neumann, &amp; Hare, 2014), in order to illuminate the non-pathological traits of Psychopathy; the Well-being at work Scale (Paschoal &amp; Tamayo, 2008); and the Perception of Organizational Health Scale by Gomide Jr., Moura, Cunha, &amp; Sousa (1999). The questionnaire was applied to 100 employees from the administrative area of an open capital Brazilian company in the educational area. The results showed that employees who identified psychopathy traits in their immediate leaders externalized preoccupation, irritation, depression, anxiety, frustration, nervousness, tension and rage, demonstrating uneasiness at the workplace. They also reported that there is a dishonest competition to achieve higher hierarchical positions, no respect between colleagues, and people do not trust each other, demonstrating therefore aspects that reveal a compromised organizational health. The study will make a contribution by providing insights into how companies can recognize and avoid the selection and recruitment of employees who exhibit psychopathy traits, especially due to the potential of these employess becoming leaders and compromising organizational health and well-being. The issue deserves especial attention and more studies should be carried out regarding the consequences of psychopathic leaders' actions for corporate and public health. Key messages Provide insights into how companies can recognize and avoid the selection and recruitment of employees who exhibit psychopathy traits and compromising organizational health and welbeing. The issue deserves especial attention and more studies should be carried out regarding the consequences of psychopathatic leaders’ actions for corporate and public health.

Employee’s state of health as a reason for termination of an employment contract at the initiative of the employer

The grounds on which the employer is allowed to terminate the employment contract with the employee are considered if the employee's inconsistency with the position or job is established. It is emphasized that dismissal of an employee is allowed in case of a discrepancy due to a state of health, which hinders the continuation of this work, if it is impossible to transfer him to an easier job due to the absence of a vacant job or refusal to transfer. A characteristic feature of dismissing an employee due to poor health is the lack of guilt. The inability of the employee to perform his or her work duties is linked to the state of health and does not depend on his will and desire, and therefore cannot be blamed on him. The article proves that temporary disability cannot be considered as a reason to dismiss a worker.According to the medical report, the owner or his authorized body must transfer such persons with their consent to such work temporarily or without a time limit. Such transfer of an employee is possible under the conditions on which both medical and legal basis can be.In the case of refusal of the employee to transfer or absence at the enterprise of work that he could perform without harm to his health, the owner or his authorized body may raise the issue of his dismissal in due course due to the found inconsistency of the occupied position or performed work due to a state of health that impedes the continuation of this work (paragraph 2 of Article 40 of the Labor Code of Ukraine). Such dismissal shall be allowed in the exceptional cases where the owner or his authorized body really does not have the opportunity to transfer the employee upon his or her consent to another job according to a medical report.