Labour Market Participation Of People Research Articles

The relationship of productivity-based wages to human rights and occupational justice – an exploratory study

ABSTRACT Background Productivity-based wage systems are intended to enhance the labour market participation of people with disabilities. Limited scholarship exists regarding the impact of such policies in practice. This qualitative study explored stakeholder perspectives on the Australian Supported Wage System (SWS), including perceptions of fairness and equity. Methods Document review provided context and background for the study. 14 semi-structured interviews were subsequently conducted with a range of stakeholders with knowledge of the SWS. Results Four primary themes were identified, related to assessment processes, value contributions of the system, practice risks and challenges, and ethical tensions. Conclusions The SWS appears to enhance worker choice and inclusion. A variety of factors may reduce the quality of these outcomes, however, and employment systems should support a range of evidence-informed approaches to ensure equitable employment outcomes.

Employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years later

Abstract Background Increasing the labour market participation of people with a reduced ability to work is a big labour market challenge in many countries. In Finland, one third of all new disability pensions are granted as partial pensions. It is also known that most partial disability pensioners continue working while receiving a pension. There is only limited research about the length of employment of partial disability pensioners and the factors associated with employment in retirement. The aim of this study was to examine the employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years after retirement, and to examine how age, gender, educational level, employment sector, diagnosis and type of pension are associated with employment after partial disability retirement. Methods Our Finnish register data comprised 7,617 partial disability pensioners aged 20-58 who retired in 2013 or 2014. Logistic and multinomial logistic regression analysis were used to estimate OR:s and 95 percent CI:s for employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and four years after retirement. Results 81 percent of partial disability pensioners were employed when retiring on a partial disability pension. Four years later, 50 percent were still drawing a partial disability pension, of whom 77 percent were working. 11 percent were employed but no longer drawing a partial disability pension. The partial disability pensioners who were more often employed were younger, female, more highly educated, working in the public sector and receiving a temporary disability pension. Conclusions Many sociodemographic factors are associated with employment at the onset of partial disability retirement and with continued working while drawing a partial disability pension. Key messages

Predicting change in labour market participation of people with spinal cord injury (SCI): longitudinal evidence from the Swiss SCI community survey.

Longitudinal, population-based survey. To examine change in labour market participation (LMP) of people with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Switzerland and to identify predictors of increase, decrease and stability in LMP between 2012 and 2017. Community. Longitudinal information on LMP (i.e., weekly workload) was obtained from 311 gainfully employed, working-age individuals who participated in the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study (SwiSCI) community survey in 2012 and were still of working age at the time of completing the 2017 questionnaire. Statistical preselection of the predictors of change in LMP was carried out by implementing the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) in a multinomial logistic regression model. The final set of predictors was selected by comparison of several multinomial logistic regression models. Out of 311 participants, almost half (43%) changed their LMP between 2012 and 2017, 48 increased their weekly workload, 49 reduced and 37 participants left the labour market prematurely. Age at time of the survey, years of education, having children, intention to change weekly workload, high satisfaction with daily routine, extra-time needs for transportation and managing support were associated with change in LMP. Modifiable factors like education and satisfaction with daily routine should receive particular attention in the context of job retention strategies. More longitudinal research focusing on key employment transitions and trajectories over the life course of persons with SCI is needed to complement, validate and extend our findings.

(In)capacité au travail ? Organisation et fonctionnement des ateliers pour personnes en situation de handicap en Allemagne

The article elaborates on the emergence of a new social category: the “worker incapable of working”, which has not yet been recognized in the scientific literature. In Germany, people excluded from the labour market are increasingly employed in workshops for people with disabilities due to what is defined as a total incapacity to work. In addition to the objective of labour market participation of people with disabilities, these workshops assume the aim of (re)establishing their performance and monitoring their reintegration into the general labour market. Changes in the profiles of people working in the workshops and their recent expansion are described, as well as the transformation of working processes and conditions, especially through digitalisation. The consequences of these transformations are studied within the framework of “activating” policies.

Do pensions reduce the incentive to work? Evidence from Egypt

In this study we investigate the impact of the receipt of contributory and social pensions on the labour supply of individuals in Egypt, using individual fixed-effect regressions and panel data from the Egypt Labour Market Panel Surveys in 2006 and 2012. The study compares the effect of social pensions and contributory pensions. We find that the receipt of contributory pensions reduces the probability of working as well as the probability of having a waged job of household members aged from 15. The receipt of social pensions has no significant effect on the probability of working for those aged 15-60. However, receiving social pensions can reduce both working and labour market participation of people aged over 60.

Work–retirement cultures: a further piece of the puzzle to explain differences in the labour market participation of older people in Europe?

ABSTRACTThe article examines to what extent culture is a further piece of the puzzle to explain differences in the labour market participation of older people in Europe. This approach is in clear contrast to the existing literature on that topic which is largely economically oriented and more focused on socio-economic determinants. In the first part, different theoretical conceptions regarding the impact of culture on individual actions are discussed with the aim of developing the concept of work–retirement cultures. In the second part, the article gathers empirical evidence on differences in the work–retirement culture in 22 European societies and analyses the interplay between the work–retirement culture and the labour market participation of people aged between 55 and 64 years using logistic random intercept regression analysis. The analysis draws on the third round of the European Social Survey. The results give some clear indications that the work–retirement culture plays its part in explaining differences in the labour market participation of older people in Europe and thus clarifies that the timing of retirement is not fully determined by pension policies. Accordingly, the results of the study illustrate that it is not sufficient to solely change the legal rules for the transition to retirement. Rather, people need to be additionally convinced of the individual benefits of remaining in employment.

Participation in the Labour Market - Generation Y and Other Age Groups

The objective of the Europe 2020 strategy is to achieve the employment rate in 2020 on level of 75% for the European Union. Strategic objectives for the Member States are different. In Poland in 2020, the employment rate should reach 71%. Employment rates differs depending on age groups, gender and country in which it is measured. There are also many factors that mobilizing generations to maintain employment. These factors determine the level of employment rate. They also cause that determination of the participation of social groups in the labour market is a multi-dimensional task. The aim of the study is to examine the labour market participation of people from generation Y in comparisons to other age groups. People in this age group are guided by other values in lifestyle than older people. To achieve the objectives of the study were used statistical analysis methods adequate to the scale of measurement of factors observed on the labour market. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2014.v3n3p111

To work or not to work: labour market participation of people with spinal cord injury living in Switzerland

Cross-sectional survey. To establish labour market participation figures of persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in Switzerland and to investigate determinants and consequences of having paid work. Community. A survey among members of the Swiss Paraplegic Association was performed in 2008. Inclusion criteria were: SCI of traumatic or non-traumatic origin, minimum age of 18 years, and living in the community for at least 1 year. A total of 559 persons with SCI returned the questionnaire (response rate 27%), of which 495 (24%) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed based on theoretical considerations and relevant determinants found in the literature. Of the respondents of working age, 63.8% were involved in gainful employment. No significant difference between persons with para- and tetraplegia was observed. Logistic regression showed that employment was associated with age, time since onset of SCI, having worked at 2 years after initial rehabilitation, having received vocational counselling, having less pain, more years of education and more perceived importance of work. Working persons achieved a significantly higher total income. The most important reasons to work were not financial, but rather of social nature. Barriers to work were primarily health-related. We found a relatively high employment rate among the studied persons with SCI living in Switzerland. However, because of the low response, it is difficult to generalise this finding.

Why has the Rising Economic Tide Failed to Float the Disability Employment Boat? A Call to Action: Business, Community, Government and People Power

It is well established that people with disabilities are under-represented in the workforce. Disability labour market scholars agree that there is a significant gap between labour market participation of people with disabilities and people without disabilities, with on-going labour market disadvantage widely reported. All indicate that notwithstanding the recent economic growth of Western economies, the employment rate for people with disabilities has not improved. This paper draws on the findings of three recent research projects on disability employment in Australia and on data from contemporary literature on workplace discrimination and proposes that a combination of more robust social inclusion policies and legislation, revitalised supported employment models, intensive social marketing, and radical disability advocacy is required.