Labor-intensive System Research Articles

The impact of vineyard landscaping and grapevine training systems on labour costs: a case study from the Douro Demarcated Region

ABSTRACT The vineyards and wine industry are key pillars of the economy in the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR). However, the region’s diverse topography poses challenges, leading to high grape production costs. Additionally, ongoing difficulties in attracting labor threaten the sector's sustainability. Based on a multiple linear regression and survey data from 110 DDR farms, this study analyzed the impact of labor costs on farms with varying vineyard landscaping and grapevine training systems. Results indicate a clear relationship between certain landscaping and training practices and permanent labor costs. Traditional walled terraces, vertical planting, and cordon training systems incur the highest permanent labor expenses, while temporary labor costs remain minimal. Adopting less labor-intensive systems is a strategic priority for DDR winegrowers, with significant effects across the wine value chain. To enhance the sector’s sustainability, future policies should prioritize systems that are well-adapted to local conditions and economically viable.

Utility of learning health systems in radiation oncology.

413 Background: Current health information systems lack a robust framework for longitudinal integration of internal experiences and external evidence into existing workflows. The result is labor intensive, error-prone and fragmented systems plagued with process gaps. Learning health systems (LHS) can be a potential solution to address these gaps. We created and implemented a novel LHS framework in radiation oncology (RO). We hypothesize that this framework can be leveraged to identify and implement opportunities for improvement using a patient-oriented endpoint of time from radiation simulation to treatment start (RSTS). Methods: An RO-LHS was developed through a collaboration between an academic, multi-facility radiation oncology department and an industry partner (Medlever). The end-to-end clinical workflow was embedded into the Medlever platform following an interdisciplinary, iterative analysis with representatives from key teams (clerical, finance and clinical). A novel nomenclature was created to label standardized, customizable templates, which choreograph logic-driven tasks that cover all sub-steps of RSTS. The primary endpoint of RSTS was compared pre- and post-implementation, stratified by key variables, such as facility, staff member, and radiation treatment modality. Results: The iterative workflow analysis identified >700 variables and decision points necessary for >200 cancer and benign conditions routinely managed in RO. >450 treatment protocols were templated.180 logic-driven tasks were created and linked to key parameters, resulting in a choregraphed precision workflow for each patient. Using the first iteration of the build, a total of 512 patients were managed during a 50-day period (03/01/2024-04/20/2024) and were compared to 2875 patients treated prior to implementation. Post-implementation, RSTS was shortened by 36.4% (p<0.001). We identified significant differences in RSTS by radiation modalities (protons vs all others), across facilities, and by providers (p<0.01 for all). Analysis of fractional domain of RSTS, 56% of the time was driven by physician-directed tasks, while 44% was comprised of physics and dosimetry-driven work. Physician-directed tasks had the greatest heterogeneity in time to completion. The biggest variation was noted for the contouring completion task. Significant differences were identified by provider (p<0.001) in nearly each step of the process, including steps not directly tied to physician’s work. Conclusions: Through an inter-disciplinary implementation of the first iteration of a LHS in our RO department, we have significantly shortened RSTS. The implementation and analysis has also enabled us to better understand underlying heterogeneities and identify further opportunities for optimization of RSTS. An LHS framework provides a generalizable solution that could be adapted in other RO clinics.

Semantic Segmentation and Classification of Active and Abandoned Agricultural Fields through Deep Learning in the Southern Peruvian Andes

The monumental scale agricultural infrastructure systems built by Andean peoples during pre-Hispanic times have enabled intensive agriculture in the high-relief, arid/semi-arid landscape of the Southern Peruvian Andes. Large tracts of these labor-intensive systems have been abandoned, however, owing in large measure to a range of demographic, economic, and political crises precipitated by the Spanish invasion of the 16th century CE. This research seeks to better understand the dynamics of agricultural intensification and deintensification in the Andes by inventorying through the semantic segmentation of active and abandoned agricultural fields in satellite imagery across approximately 77,000 km2 of the Southern Peruvian Highlands. While manual digitization of agricultural fields in satellite imagery is time-consuming and labor-intensive, deep learning-based semantic segmentation makes it possible to map and classify en masse Andean agricultural infrastructure. Using high resolution satellite imagery, training and validation data were manually produced in distributed sample areas and were used to transfer-train a convolutional neural network for semantic segmentation. The resulting dataset was compared to manual surveys of the region and results suggest that deep learning can generate larger and more accurate datasets than those generated by hand.

Product Diversification in The Furniture Industry in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang

Furniture industry is experiencing a shift towards multifunctional furniture products due to additional flexibility, functionality and smaller sizes. The output target to be achieved from this community service activity is the achievement of community independence and technology transfer in producing furniture in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang. Utilization and allocation of wood processing machines for furniture will affect productivity and work performance in furniture manufacturing at UD Jaya Bersama in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang. Using sawmills at UD Jaya Bersama, the average productivity is 3 days higher than the labor-intensive system, which is 5 days to manufacture a set of tables and chairs. This shows that the use of wood processing machines at UD Jaya Bersama is more efficient. The products produced at UD Jaya Bersama in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang are sills, doors, windows, cupboards, LCD cases, tables and chairs. Manufacture and sale of products is still based on consumer orders. Product pricing at UD Jaya Bersama in Tanjung Anom Village, Deli Serdang depends on the raw material used, namely the type of wood. The raw materials used come from Intsia spp., Agathis dammara, and Shorea spp.

Analisis Investasi Produksi Benih Jagung Hibrida di Kota Solok

One way to fulfill the corn supply is by increasing productivity using superior seeds such as hybrid corn seeds. PT Agricorn Putra Sejati is a producer of hybrid corn seeds that plans to expand its production capacity. This research aims to determine the feasibility of business development and analyze the maximum changes in fertilizer prices and permanent labor wages. The study uses scenarios : scenario 0 (condition without development), scenario I (development condition with a labor-intensive system), and scenario II (development condition with more machine usage). The research considers non-financial aspects (market aspects, technical aspects, management and legal aspects, social, economic, and cultural aspects, as well as environmental aspects), financial aspects (NPV, Net B/C, IRR, Payback Period), and replacement value analysis. A company will be considered viable if NPV >0, Net B/C >1, IRR >1, and Payback Period >business life. The results show that the company is feasible to develop and will obtain a higher net benefit if using scenario II. Based on the replacement value analysis, the company is more sensitive to an increase in labor wages than an increase in fertilizer prices.

Teknologi Tepat Guna Pembuatan Batu Bata Di Desa Pematang Sijonam Kecamatan Perbaungan

The brick-making business in Pematang Sijonam village, Perbaungan subdistrict, already uses a mechanical system but still uses a labour-intensive system. The process of printing bricks while using a brick printing machine operated by two operators and equipment that was almost obsolete were the obstacles faced by the partners during the survey by the implementing team. The output of this service is a new brick printing machine that can be operated by only one operator so that it can increase work efficiency in brick making. This dedication succeeded in overcoming the obstacles faced by brick-making entrepreneurs in terms of brick-making. There is efficiency in terms of the use of labor to operate the brick-making machine where initially 2 people became 1 person, besides that the speed of moving the printed bricks to the drying location has increased.

A review on maize-finger millet relay cropping in hills of Nepal: Prospects and constraints

Maize (Zea mays) and Finger millet (Elusine corocana) are two key staple crops grown in the hills of Nepal. These crops are planted in a relay intercropping system developed by farmers since the dawn of time. The unique example of cereal-cereal intercropping with its cropping system and cropping pattern at different altitudes is reviewed along with the yield comparison of direct-seeded and transplanted finger millet with maize. Relay cropping is the planting of second crop in the same land area before the harvest of first crop with the goal of higher productivity by sharing the available resources. Considerable research has been done on maize and millet but there has been a limited approach to their cropping system. This paper reviews the existing system of cropping, its prospects, and its constraints. The prospects of maize/finger millet cultivation are pronounced in the form of yield increment, economic and efficient use of available resources, insurance against crop failure, and reduced insect, pest, and weed incidence. Although this cropping system has benefits, it exhibits limitations as well which are competition between crops, lack of suitable varieties, labor-intensive system, and soil-nutrient loss. As maize and finger millet are the main food crops in hilly terrain, it is urged to provide the focus and encouragement regarding their sustainable and modern approaches by developing and disseminating crop growing and management technologies.

A Study For Intelligent Campus Service using Zigbee Based on Wsn

We propose an integrated management system model for the establishment of a smart campus, such as a digital library system and a smart card system capable of providing various services using zigbee, which is currently prominent. The integrated management system can provide a higher quality education environment through transparent and efficient administrative management and one-stop service provision, away from the labor-intensive system of educational institutions, and users can provide personalized and knowledgeable intelligent education services that meet their needs and environments.

PP36 Presentation Time: 11:40 AM: Five Day Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) Using Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) in Stage 0-II Breast Cancer: A Report of 208 Cases with up to 39 Month Follow-Up

Purpose: Randomized trials in selected early stage breast cancer patients with up to 10 year follow-up have proven that Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) given via High Dose Rate (HDR) implant bid in 5 days is equivalent to whole breast irradiation (WBI) given qd in 5-6 weeks in regard to breast tumor local recurrence (LR) [1-2]. However, complications with APBI implant in a Medicare database review have been significant, with 3.95% of women requiring Mastectomy, 16.2% developing infections, and another 16.3% experiencing non-infection complications including rib fractures, fat necrosis, and breast pain [3]. Recently APBI using non-invasive Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) given qd in 5 fractions has been shown in another randomized trial with 10 year follow-up to be equivalent to qd WBI in 6 weeks, with respect to LR [4]. IMRT/SBRT was superior in regard to acute effects, late effects, and cosmesis. In the randomized clinical trial of APBI IMRT/SBRT, the Clinical Target Volume (CTV) was defined by the injection of individual fiducial markers bordering the surgical cavity. We have used the Biozorb fiducial system to localize the CTV for SBRT. We sought to confirm the APBI SBRT/IMRT results with this simpler less labor intensive fiducial system.

Mortality prediction by SOFA score in ICU-patients after cardiac surgery; comparison with traditional prognostic\u2013models

BackgroundThere are many prognostic models and scoring systems in use to predict mortality in ICU patients. The only general ICU scoring system developed and validated for patients after cardiac surgery is the APACHE-IV model. This is, however, a labor-intensive scoring system requiring a lot of data and could therefore be prone to error. The SOFA score on the other hand is a simpler system, has been widely used in ICUs and could be a good alternative.The goal of the study was to compare the SOFA score with the APACHE-IV and other ICU prediction models.MethodsWe investigated, in a large cohort of cardiac surgery patients admitted to Dutch ICUs, how well the SOFA score from the first 24 h after admission, predict hospital and ICU mortality in comparison with other recalibrated general ICU scoring systems. Measures of discrimination, accuracy, and calibration (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Brier score, R2, and Ĉ-statistic) were calculated using bootstrapping. The cohort consisted of 36,632 Patients from the Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) registry having had a cardiac surgery procedure for which ICU admission was necessary between January 1st, 2006 and June 31st, 2018.ResultsDiscrimination of the SOFA-, APACHE-IV-, APACHE-II-, SAPS-II-, MPM24-II - models to predict hospital mortality was good with an AUC of respectively: 0.809, 0.851, 0.830, 0.850, 0.801. Discrimination of the SOFA-, APACHE-IV-, APACHE-II-, SAPS-II-, MPM24-II - models to predict ICU mortality was slightly better with AUCs of respectively: 0.809, 0.906, 0.892, 0.919, 0.862. Calibration of the models was generally poor.ConclusionAlthough the SOFA score had a good discriminatory power for hospital- and ICU mortality the discriminatory power of the APACHE-IV and SAPS-II was better. The SOFA score should not be preferred as mortality prediction model above traditional prognostic ICU-models.

The political ecology of shaded coffee plantations: conservation narratives and the everyday-lived-experience of farmworkers

ABSTRACT Shade-grown coffee conserves biodiversity and often improves peasant livelihoods in Latin America. However, farmworkers have been overwhelmingly overlooked, despite being a vulnerable and marginalized actor in the coffee production chain, facing food and labor inequalities. This ethnographic research explores how farmworkers perceive biodiversity conservation in labor-intensive organic coffee systems. I examine the tensions that arise when conservation narratives meet the everyday-lived-experience of farmworkers, emphasizing material and symbolic effects on farmworkers' lives. Through questioning shade-grown organic coffee as a just imaginary, I expose contradictions and trade-offs of biodiversity conservation in labor-intensive systems, relevant as we transition to more sustainable food systems.

Genome-wide association study reveals significant genomic regions for improving yield, adaptability of rice under dry direct seeded cultivation condition

BackgroundPuddled transplanted system of rice cultivation despite having several benefits, is a highly labor, water and energy intensive system. In the face of changing climatic conditions, a successful transition from puddled to dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation system looks must in future. Genome-wide association study was performed for traits including, roots and nutrient uptake (14 traits), plant-morphological (5 traits), lodging-resistance (4 traits) and yield and yield attributing traits (7 traits) with the aim to identify significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for traits enhancing rice adaptability to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) system.ResultsStudy identified a total of 37 highly significant MTAs for 20 traits. The false discovery rate (FDR) ranged from 0.264 to 3.69 × 10− 4, 0.0330 to 1.25 × 10− 4, and 0.0534 to 4.60 × 10− 6 in 2015WS, 2016DS and combined analysis, respectively. The percent phenotypic variance (PV) explained by SNPs ranged from 9 to 92%. Among the identified significant MTAs, 15 MTAs associated with the traits including nodal root, root hair length, root length density, stem and culm diameter, plant height and grain yield were reported to be located in the proximity of earlier identified candidate gene. The significant positive correlation of grain-yield with seedling establishment traits, root morphological and nutrient-uptake related traits and grain yield attributing traits pointing towards combining target traits to increase rice yield and adaptability under DDSR. Seven promising progenies with better root morphology, nutrient-uptake and higher grain yield were identified that can further be used in genomics assisted breeding for DDSR varietal development.ConclusionsOnce validated, the identified MTAs and the SNPs linked with trait of interest could be of direct use in genomic assisted breeding (GAB) to improve grain yield and adaptability of rice under DDSR.

Fatigue recovery mathematical modelling for increasing productivity of a medium-workload worker in Indonesia

Due to high demand for workers and limited technology management in Indonesia, the industries need to focus on increasing worker’s productivity in this labour-intensive system. Such system has the inclination to use workers to actuate the economic cycle. But in employing human workers, we will face the problem of fatigue. This research identifies factors affecting fatigue recovery of workers and obtained the mathematical model for it. The model was built using the experimental design method that involved three workers with age ranging from 20 to 22 years and obtained that variable of activity, treatment and operator have closely related to fatigue recovery. The mathematical model was obtained as equation of Y=-13,856+15,515X1+2,736X2+3,674X3 with X1 is variable of activity, X2 is variable of treatment and X3 is variable of operator. The results of this research would become an indicator for the manufacturing industries in Indonesia to increase labour’s productivity.

Call Center Arrivals: When to Jointly Forecast Multiple Streams?

We consider call centers that have multiple (potentially inter‐dependent) demand arrival streams. Workforce management of such labor intensive service systems starts with forecasting future arrival demand. We investigate the question of whether and when to jointly forecast future arrivals of the multiple streams. We first develop a general statistical model to simultaneously forecast multi‐stream arrival rates. The model takes into account three types of inter‐stream dependence. We then show with analytical and simulation studies how the forecasting benefits of the multi‐stream forecasting model vary by the type, direction, and strength of inter‐stream dependence. In particular, we find that it is beneficial to simultaneously forecast multi‐stream arrivals (instead of separately forecasting each stream), when there exists inter‐stream lag dependence among daily arrival rates. Empirical studies, using two real call center datasets further demonstrate our findings, and provide operational insights into how one chooses forecasting models for multi‐stream arrivals.

Rice Seed Germination Underwater: Morpho-Physiological Responses and the Bases of Differential Expression of Alcoholic Fermentation Enzymes.

The water-, energy-, and labor-intensive system of transplanted puddled rice (Oryza sativa) is steadily being replaced by direct seeding due to the progressive scarcity of these resources. However, the alternate dry direct seeding leads to competition with weeds and poor establishment when soils are flooded. Direct seeded rice capable of anaerobic germination (germination in flooded soil, AG) is ideal, which under rainfed ecosystems would also overcome waterlogging during germination. AG tolerance is associated with faster germination and faster elongation of coleoptiles, with the activities of alcoholic fermentation enzymes replacing aerobic respiration as a source of energy. To better understand the variability in the morpho-physiological responses and in the nature of the alcoholic fermentation enzymes during AG, 21 rice genotypes were studied. The genotypes Khao Hlan On (KHO) and IR42 were used as the tolerant and susceptible checks, respectively. KHO exhibited faster germination, with 82.5% of the coleoptiles emerging out of 10 cm of water within 8 days, whereas IR42 exhibited 20% germination and limited coleoptile growth. Among the test genotypes, four performed well, including two that are drought tolerant. Increased content and activity of the alcoholic fermentation enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2a and ALDH2b), was noted in KHO under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions and also in comparison with IR42 under AG. Gene transcripts for these enzymes were also more in KHO undergoing AG. However, no major differences were observed between KHO and IR42 in the critical cis-acting regulatory elements, such as the auxin, light, and sugar response elements, in the promoters of ADH1, ALDH2a, and ALDH2b genes. Post-transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms were implicated for the increased transcript and protein content/activity of the enzymes in KHO by observing four different transcripts of ALDH2a and a unique non-glycosylated form of ADH1 under AG. IR42 lacked the non-glycosylated ADH1 and contained only a truncated form of ALDH2a, which lacked the active site. Additionally, KHO exhibited increased activity and more isoforms for reactive oxygen species detoxifying enzymes under AG compared to IR42. These results highlight the need for a deeper functional understanding of the critical enzymes involved in AG.

Planting systems of sweet cherries in Belgium

The choice of a planting distance or planting system depends on soil type, cultivar or rootstock. Moreover, the experience of the grower is an important factor. If one has little experience with the training and pruning of sweet cherries, it may be appropriate to plant wider. With intensive plantings it is necessary to prune consistently to avoid problems with growth. In 2003, we started a trial with 4 planting systems with ‘Sweetheart’ on Gisela 5. Until now the classical system and the English system do well. The Spanish bush, on the other hand, had very low productions in the first years. In the V-system the total production ha-1 is obviously lower than in the other 3 systems, due to some disappointing productions during the last years. In a second trial ‘Kordia’ and ‘Sweetheart’ on Gisela 5 were planted in a V-system in spring 2005. A V-system is a very expensive and labour intensive system. For the planting of a V-system, a self-fertile cultivar like ‘Sweetheart’ has to be preferred as it gets in this trial clearly better yields than ‘Kordia’. On ‘Kordia’ the vigour was quite strong, even when the trees were repeatedly root pruned. A cultivar like ‘Kordia’ yields insufficiently on the leader branches. This kept the production too low each year. In spring 2009 ‘Skeena’ on Gisela 6 was planted as a classical system and according to the “UFO”-method. “UFO” stands for upright fruiting offshoot. The whips were planted under an angle of 45°. From the central leader shoots were tied to grow upright. This results in a narrow system. Up to now the “UFO”-method is very labour intensive, especially the tying and removing of the branches take time. After 7 production years the yield of the “UFO”-system is 32% lower compared to the standard training system. The fruit size is also slightly smaller for the UFO-system.

Incorporating Site-less Clinical Trials Into Drug Development: A Framework for Action

PurposeOptions for leveraging available telemedicine technologies, ranging from simple webcams and telephones to smartphone apps and medical-grade wearable sensors, are evolving faster than the culture of clinical research. Until recently, most clinical trials relied on paper-based processes and technology. This cost- and labor-intensive system, while slowly changing, remains an obstacle to new drug development. Alternatives that use existing tools and processes for collecting real-world data in home settings warrant closer examination. MethodsThe site-less clinical research organization (CRO) model, whereby pharmacists or other health care professionals provide useful and timely counseling for protocol compliance by regular phone and videoconferencing sessions, is a flexible approach to managing clinical trial participants directly from their homes. An expert panel, including clinical specialists in metabolic or neurodegenerative diseases, health information technology and CRO innovators, and the pharmaceutical industry, met in Dallas, Texas, December 2016, to discuss advancing avenues for site-less CRO and other remote clinical trial practices, taking into account investigator, sponsor, and regulatory perspectives. FindingsReal-time “site-less” management of clinical trials can augment traditional research and development methods by providing data from a broader, more diverse group of patients in real-world practice settings. This methodology also helps to proactively identify safety profile and operational issues. Current use of site-less CRO practices constitutes an important bridge to alternative trial models, including “large simple trials” that strive to answer one or two questions using data derived from representative patient populations treated in typical clinical settings. ImplicationsSite-less CROs offer a working example of how remote technologies and in-home monitoring methods can address shortcomings of conventional drug development. This model maximizes time and cost, as well as potentially earlier identification of adverse events. Coordinated communication among investigators, sponsors, regulators, and patients will be needed to develop standardized strategies for incorporating site-less CROs into current and future study design.

顧客満足とサービス品質を考慮したサービス生産に関する実験的検討

This paper analyzes customer satisfaction and service quality through subjective experiments using a proposed service production game. In the game, players are provided information of demand forecasting with different accuracy and make paper triangular pyramids considering production efficiency and service quality. Making a paper triangular pyramid is simulated to produce and deliver dishes in a labor intensive production system in restaurant services. The players are required to make a production plan and manage delivery lead time and quality of products to satisfy both customer satisfaction and production efficiency. Produced products are evaluated quality by evaluation index such as laminating quality, cutoff line, crease line and edge etc. The experiments conduct a questionnaire of subjective assessment about service quality and employee satisfaction. In the questionnaire, the players answer their degree of service quality and productivity of subjective view. The employee satisfaction is analyzed considering the employee’s conscious of advance planning and setup with adaptation of variation of demand by using correlation analysis.

Extracellular Matrix-Dependent Generation of Integration- and Xeno-Free iPS Cells Using a Modified mRNA Transfection Method.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine, especially immune-compatible cell therapy. The most important safety-related issues that must be resolved before the clinical use of iPS cells include the generation of “footprint-free” and “xeno-free” iPS cells. In this study, we sought to examine whether an extracellular matrix- (ECM-) based xeno-free culture system that we recently established could be used together with a microRNA-enhanced mRNA reprogramming method for the generation of clinically safe iPS cells. The notable features of this method are the use of a xeno-free/feeder-free culture system for the generation and expansion of iPS cells rather than the conventional labor-intensive culture systems using human feeder cells or human feeder-conditioned medium and the enhancement of mRNA-mediated reprogramming via the delivery of microRNAs. Strikingly, we observed the early appearance of iPS cell colonies (~11 days), substantial reprogramming efficiency (~0.2–0.3%), and a high percentage of ESC-like colonies among the total colonies (~87.5%), indicating enhanced kinetics and reprogramming efficiency. Therefore, the combined method established in this study provides a valuable platform for the generation and expansion of clinically safe (i.e., integration- and xeno-free) iPS cells, facilitating immune-matched cell therapy in the near future.

Automated Cell Enrichment of Cytomegalovirus-specific T cells for Clinical Applications using the Cytokine-capture System.

The adoptive transfer of pathogen-specific T cells can be used to prevent and treat opportunistic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurring after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Viral-specific T cells from allogeneic donors, including third party donors, can be propagated ex vivo in compliance with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP), employing repeated rounds of antigen-driven stimulation to selectively propagate desired T cells. The identification and isolation of antigen-specific T cells can also be undertaken based upon the cytokine capture system of T cells that have been activated to secrete gamma-interferon (IFN-γ). However, widespread human application of the cytokine capture system (CCS) to help restore immunity has been limited as the production process is time-consuming and requires a skilled operator. The development of a second-generation cell enrichment device such as CliniMACS Prodigy now enables investigators to generate viral-specific T cells using an automated, less labor-intensive system. This device separates magnetically labeled cells from unlabeled cells using magnetic activated cell sorting technology to generate clinical-grade products, is engineered as a closed system and can be accessed and operated on the benchtop. We demonstrate the operation of this new automated cell enrichment device to manufacture CMV pp65-specific T cells obtained from a steady-state apheresis product obtained from a CMV seropositive donor. These isolated T cells can then be directly infused into a patient under institutional and federal regulatory supervision. All the bio-processing steps including removal of red blood cells, stimulation of T cells, separation of antigen-specific T cells, purification, and washing are fully automated. Devices such as this raise the possibility that T cells for human application can be manufactured outside of dedicated good manufacturing practice (GMP) facilities and instead be produced in blood banking facilities where staff can supervise automated protocols to produce multiple products.